García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PANTHER cruise from St. Helena to Spithead started at 1765-05-11 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751102, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 46.037931 * Median Longitude: -13.052069 * South-bound Latitude: 39.450000 * West-bound Longitude: -24.640000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.530000 * East-bound Longitude: -4.280000
Date/Time Start: 1765-05-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1765-06-11T12:00:00
Event(s):
Panther_17650511_NMM_ADM/L/P26 * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1765-05-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1765-06-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Panther (4th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St. Helena - Spithead, 1st Observer: John Leary (Captain), 2nd Observer: George Mouatt (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 60G 1268BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 15 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 16 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 17 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 18 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 19 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 20 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 22 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 23 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
599 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 Precip descr | 15 State sea descr | 16 Clearness | 17 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 18 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 19 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 20 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 21 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 22 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 23 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1765-05-11T00:00 | 37.97 | 362 | PEAK ON PICO | NBW | 4 | VARIABLE | FIRST AND MID MODERATE | RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184635 | ||||||
| 1765-05-12T00:00 | 37.88 | 45 | 2.6 | PEAK ON PICO | NW1/2N | 14 | NE | 1ST AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE CALM | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184636 | ||||||
| 1765-05-13T00:00 | 37.83 | 45 | 0.0 | ST MICHAELS | E1/2S | 11 | NE | 1ST AND MIDDLE PART LIGHT AIRS, LATTER CALM | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184637 | ||||||
| 1765-05-14T14:00 | 39.45 | -24.64 | 299 | 19.0 | ST MICHAELS | S22W | 35 | N22E | 106.00 | -16 | WNW, SW, NW | 1ST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | MIDDLE RAINY | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184638 | |
| 1765-05-15T13:00 | 40.05 | -22.07 | 6 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S52W | 65 | N72E | 124.00 | -17 | NNW, NBE, NNE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184639 | ||
| 1765-05-16T13:00 | 40.13 | -20.07 | 343 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S60W | 95 | N75E | 94.00 | -17 | NE, NBE, N | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184640 | ||
| 1765-05-17T13:00 | 41.32 | -18.96 | 321 | 1.0 | ST MICHAELS | S55W | 121 | N45:00E | 75.00 | -17 | NNE, NNW | FIRST PART FINE BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184641 | ||
| 1765-05-18T13:00 | 42.43 | -18.19 | 231 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S50W | 144 | N27:00E | 76.00 | -17 | NNW-WSW | FIRST LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FINE GALES | FIRST PART HAZY, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184642 | ||
| 1765-05-19T13:00 | 43.57 | -17.16 | 15 | 22.6 | ST MICHAELS | S51W | 181 | N49E | 104.00 | -19 | WSW-NEBN | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES | SOME RAIN THEN DRIZZLING RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184643 | ||
| 1765-05-20T13:00 | 43.15 | -14.56 | 4 | 19.0 | ST MICHAELS | S53W | 206 | N69:00E | 78.00 | -19 | NEBN-NNE | FRESH GALES | THICK WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184644 | ||
| 1765-05-21T13:00 | 43.68 | -14.01 | 60 | 2.6 | ST MICHAELS | S55:30W | 201 | N8:00E | 23.00 | -19 | NBE, NE, EBN | FIRST FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184645 | ||
| 1765-05-22T13:00 | 44.65 | -15.66 | 26 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S47:00W | 200 | N39:00W | 87.00 | -19 | NEBE, EBN, NE | FIRST A LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184646 | ||
| 1765-05-23T13:00 | 45.58 | -17.12 | 26 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S39:00W | 200 | N50:00W | 82.00 | -19 | NEBE-NE | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES, MID AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | FIRST DARK CLOUDY WEATHER, MID AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184647 | ||
| 1765-05-24T13:00 | 45.03 | -15.66 | 26 | 6.7 | N67:00W | 85.00 | -19 | NNE-NE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184648 | |||||
| 1765-05-25T13:00 | 44.73 | -14.71 | 4 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S49:00W | 210 | S65:00E | 44.00 | -19 | NE, VARIABLE, NNE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184649 | ||
| 1765-05-26T13:00 | 44.77 | -14.21 | 341 | 1.0 | ST MICHAELS | S50:00W | 217 | N85:00E | 21.00 | -19 | NNE-N | FIRST AND MIDDLE LIGTH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184650 | ||
| 1765-05-27T13:00 | 45.65 | -14.06 | 94 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S47:00W | 231 | N7:00E | 54.00 | -19 | E-ESE | FIRST CALM, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184651 | ||
| 1765-05-28T13:00 | 47.15 | -14.06 | 94 | 22.6 | ST MICHAELS | S42:00W | 252 | N | 90.00 | -19 | EBN, ESE, E | FIRST MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER STRONG GALES | SOME RAIN | FIRST CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184652 | |
| 1765-05-29T13:00 | 48.27 | -14.17 | 80 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S39:00W | 269 | N4:00W | 68.00 | -21 | E-EBS | FIRST FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184653 | ||
| 1765-05-30T13:00 | 49.53 | -14.39 | 80 | 2.6 | ST MICHAELS | S35:00W | 286 | N8:00W | 77.00 | -21 | E, EBN, EBS | FIRST MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184654 | ||
| 1765-05-31T13:00 | 49.15 | -13.29 | 260 | 19.0 | ST MICHAELS | S38:00W | 288 | S62:06W | 49.00 | -21 | ENE, VARIABLE, WBN | FIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE, THEN A FRESH GALE AT 5 | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184655 | ||
| 1765-06-01T13:00 | 48.45 | -11.54 | 48 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S44:00W | 294 | S59:00E | 82.00 | -20 | NE-ENE | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH BREEZE, LATTER MODERATE | GREAT SWELL FROM THE SE | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184656 | |
| 1765-06-02T13:00 | 48.02 | -11.07 | 70 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S46:00W | 295 | S51:00E | 42.00 | -20 | ENE, NE, E | FRESH BREEZES | FIRST AND LATTER HAZY, MIDDLE CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184657 | ||
| 1765-06-03T13:00 | 48.65 | -11.09 | 3 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S44W | 300 | N21W | 41.00 | -20 | EBN, VARIABLE, NNE | FIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184658 | ||
| 1765-06-04T13:00 | 48.47 | -9.07 | 362 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S48:00W | 317 | S82:00E | 82.00 | -20 | NBE, VARIABLE | MODERATE BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184659 | ||
| 1765-06-05T12:00 | 48.40 | -7.12 | 14 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | S51:00W | 339 | S87E | 79.00 | -20 | NE-NEBN | FIRST FAIR BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184660 | ||
| 1765-06-06T12:00 | 48.48 | -5.84 | 36 | 1.0 | ST MICHAELS | S52:00W | 349 | N84E | 52.00 | -20 | NEBN, ENE, NEBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | FIRST AND MID HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184661 | ||
| 1765-06-07T12:00 | 49.15 | -5.72 | 362 | 2.6 | ST MICHAELS | S57W | 358 | N6:00E | 40.00 | -20 | ENE, VARIABLE | FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE MODERATE | FIRST AND LATTER FAIR, MIDDLE THICK FOGG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184662 | ||
| 1765-06-08T12:00 | 49.32 | -5.01 | 362 | 1.0 | ST MICHAELS | S52W | 367 | N70:00E | 30.00 | -20 | SEBE, VARIABLE | FIRST AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES INTERMIXED WITH CALMS | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184663 | ||
| 1765-06-09T12:00 | 49.23 | -5.80 | 3 | 6.7 | ST AGNUS | N27:00W | 16 | S27:00E | 48.00 | -20 | ENE -, NNE | FIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184664 | ||
| 1765-06-10T12:00 | 49.22 | -4.98 | 48 | 1.0 | ST AGNUS | N59W | 21 | S85:00E | 32.00 | -20 | NE-ENE | FIRST A LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184665 | ||
| 1765-06-11T12:00 | 49.42 | -4.28 | 160 | 2.6 | THE START | NB1/2E | 23 | N66:00E | 30.00 | -20 | NBE, NNE, S | 1ST CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 184666 |