Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Latitude: 18.250000 * Longitude: -68.220000

Date/Time Start: 1829-07-09T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1829-07-09T17:00:00

Event(s):

Pallas_18290708_MAR_D23905_3555 * Latitude Start: 17.820000 * Longitude Start: -63.010000 * Latitude End: 18.720000 * Longitude End: -64.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1829-07-09T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1829-07-09T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Pallas (Korvet), Voyage: St Maarten - St Thomas, 1st Observer: H. Van de Velde (Kltz), Company: MAR, Other ship information: BEMAND MET 127 KOPPEN

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Image number/name	Image no/name		Identification Number of the original image
9	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
10	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
11	Landmark	Landmark		Name of second landmark
12	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the second landmark
13	Landmark	Landmark		Name of third landmark
14	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the third landmark
15	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the third landmark
16	Watch	Watch		Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
17	Glasses	Glasses		Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
18	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
19	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
20	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
21	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
22	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
23	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
24	Present weather	ww		Weather description
25	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
26	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
27	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
28	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
29	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
30	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
31	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
32	Comment	Comment
33	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

30 data points

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