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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PALLAS cruise from Holland to Spithead started at 1825-04-27. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751035, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 51.055000 * Median Longitude: 0.480000 * South-bound Latitude: 50.600000 * West-bound Longitude: -0.630000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.510000 * East-bound Longitude: 1.590000
Date/Time Start: 1825-04-27T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1825-04-30T12:00:00
Event(s):
Pallas_18250427_MAR_D23905_3554 * Latitude Start: 53.490000 * Longitude Start: 4.320000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1825-04-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1825-04-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Pallas (Korvet), Voyage: Holland - Spithead, Company: MAR
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
14 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the third landmark
15 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
16 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
17 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
18 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
19 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
20 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
21 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
22 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
23 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
24 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
25 Present weatherwwWeather description
26 ClearnessClearness
27 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
28 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
29 FogFog1 If fog was reported
30 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
31 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
32 HailHail1 If hail was reported
33 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
34 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
98 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
14 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the third landmark)
15 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
16 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
17 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
18 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
19 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
20 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
21 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
22 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
23 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
24 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
25 
ww
(Weather description)
26 
Clearness
27 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
28 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
29 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
30 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
31 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
32 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
33 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
34 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1825-04-27T12:0051.511.591114.6NOORD FORELAND (GIS)ZZW 1/2 W21VM8ZWTW 7/8 W23.25-24O-ZOBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MINDERE KOELTEMISTIGE LUCHTDIKKE LUCHT0010000182941
1825-04-28T00:0051.391244.6998.714.4NOORD FOORLANDZW 3GR WNOORD FORELAND, VUURTORENNW 1/2 W 3GR WZUID FORELAND (GIS)41VM858.0029.49ZZO-ZOTOBRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000182942
1825-04-29T00:0051.192701.01001.112.8DOUVRES, KASTEELNWTNZUID FORELANDNOTO1VM855.0029.56WFLAUWE KOELTE EN STILTE0000000182943
1825-04-30T12:0050.60-0.631566.71008.913.6DUNNOSE POINT (GIS)W5OWERS, VUURTORENNWTN1VM8-2456.5029.79OTZ-ZSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHEIIGE LUCHT0000000182944