Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 37.060000 * Median Longitude: -10.906000 * South-bound Latitude: 36.370000 * West-bound Longitude: -13.660000 * North-bound Latitude: 38.070000 * East-bound Longitude: -7.100000

Date/Time Start: 1778-12-30T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-01-04T13:00:00

Event(s):

Pallas_17781230_NMM_ADM/L/P7 * Latitude Start: 36.070000 * Longitude Start: -6.730000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1778-12-30T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-01-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Pallas (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Cadiz - Spithead, 1st Observer: Richard Cotton (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Spry (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 36G 718BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
10	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
14	State of the sea description	State sea descr
15	Clearness	Clearness
16	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
17	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
18	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
19	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
20	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
21	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
22	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
23	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

112 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	14 State sea descr	15 Clearness	23 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1778-12-30T12:00	36.37	-7.10	26	6.7	CAPE ST VINCENT	W20N	36	W11S	40.00	-19	NNE, NE	FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE		FIRST PART FAIR	183708
1778-12-31T00:00	36.60		45	6.7	CAPE ST VINCENT	NEBN	9				NE	MODERATE BREEZES		FAIR	183709
1779-01-01T13:00	36.63	-9.89	49	9.3	CAPE ST VINCENT	E24N	16	W11N	30.00	-19	NNW, N, ENE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES		LATTER FAIR	183710
1779-01-02T13:00	36.70	-11.27	352	19.0	CAPE ST VINCENT	E24N	37	N3W	67.00	-19	NE, ENE, NBE	FRESH GALES	GREAT SEA FROM N	CLOUDY	183711
1779-01-03T13:00	37.53	-12.61	3	22.6	CAPE ST VINCENT	E10:24N	58	N53W	80.00	-20	NE, ENE, NNE	STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY	GREAT SEA		183712
1779-01-04T13:00	38.07	-13.66	36	22.6	ROCK LISBON	E14N	65	N58W	60.00	-20	NE, NEBE	STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY	GREAT SEA		183713