Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 36.228000 * Median Longitude: -8.072000 * South-bound Latitude: 35.100000 * West-bound Longitude: -8.830000 * North-bound Latitude: 36.820000 * East-bound Longitude: -7.500000

Date/Time Start: 1778-12-12T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-12-26T00:00:00

Event(s):

Pallas_17781212_NMM_ADM/L/P7 * Latitude Start: 35.970000 * Longitude Start: -5.550000 * Latitude End: 36.070000 * Longitude End: -6.730000 * Date/Time Start: 1778-12-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1778-12-26T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Pallas (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Gibraltar - Cadiz, 1st Observer: Richard Cotton (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Spry (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 36G 718BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
15	Clearness	Clearness
16	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
17	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
18	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
19	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
20	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
21	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
22	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
23	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

269 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	15 Clearness	23 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1778-12-12T13:00	36.47	-7.60	184	19.0	CAPE ST MARY	W28N	18		W6S	60.00	-19	WSW, SSW	FIRST PART LIGH WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES	FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY	183693
1778-12-13T13:00	36.33	-7.72	206	6.7	CAPE ST MARY	W35N	18		S30W	10.00	-19	WNW, SW	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY	183694
1778-12-14T13:00	36.82	-8.17	274	1.0	CAPE ST MARY	W32N	8		N25W	35.00	-19	VARIABLE, ENE, WNW	FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS	FIRST PART FAIR	183695
1778-12-15T13:00	36.60	-8.78	71	6.7	CAPE ST MARY	N	7		W30S	34.00	-19	SSE, SE, E	MODERATE	CLOUDY	183696
1778-12-16T13:00	36.28	-8.23	116	19.0	CAPE SPARTEL	SEBS	8				-19	NE, SE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER HAZY	183697
1778-12-17T13:00	35.53	-7.50	26	6.7	CADIZ	E38N	30		SWBW	50.00	-19	NE	MODERATE BREEZES	CLEAR	183698
1778-12-18T13:00	35.10	-7.58	71	2.6	CADIZ	W20N	40		W12S	15.00	-19	E	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT WINDS	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR	183699
1778-12-19T13:00	36.00	-7.78	71	6.7	CAPE ST MARY	N20W	40		N12W	55.00	-19	E	FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES	MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY	183700
1778-12-20T13:00	36.50	-8.53	71	9.3	CAPE ST MARY	N5E	11		N36W	145.00	-19	E	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY	183701
1778-12-21T13:00	36.65	-8.83	71	19.0	CAPE ST MARY	N40E	27		S12E	21.00	-19	E	FRESH GALES	CLOUDY	183702
1778-12-22T00:00	36.93		135	19.0	CAPE ST MARY	NNE	3	1				ESE, SSE, SE	FRESH GALES	CLOUDY	183703
1778-12-23T00:00	36.85		158	6.7	CAPE ST MARY	NBE1/2E	2	1				SE, SSE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY	183704
1778-12-24T00:00	36.53		362	6.7	EXTREMES OF LAND	N1/2E						ESE, VARIABLE	MODERATE	CLOUDY	183705
1778-12-25T00:00	36.20		113	2.6	EXTREMES OF LAND	NW	8					E, ESE	LIGHT WINDS INTERMIXED WITH CALMS		183706
1778-12-26T00:00	36.33		68	19.0	ST SEBASTIAN TOWER	NE	4	1				ESE, ENE	FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES	MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR	183707