García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during PALLAS cruise from St. Thomas to Jamaica started at 1776-05-06 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.751025, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 1.591875 * Median Longitude: -19.129063 * South-bound Latitude: -3.570000 * West-bound Longitude: -48.850000 * North-bound Latitude: 13.370000 * East-bound Longitude: 5.660000
Date/Time Start: 1776-05-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1776-06-11T00:00:00
Event(s):
Pallas_17760506_NMM_ADM/L/P265 * Latitude Start: -0.500000 * Longitude Start: 6.210000 * Latitude End: 17.700000 * Longitude End: -76.760000 * Date/Time Start: 1776-05-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1776-06-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Pallas (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Thomas - Jamaica, 1st Observer: William Cornwallis (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 36G 718BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 14 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
649 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 V descr | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1776-05-06T12:00 | -0.75 | 5.66 | 196 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | N41E | 26 | S41W | 78.00 | -18 | SBE-SWBS | LITTLE WIND | SW SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183530 | |||
| 1776-05-07T12:00 | -0.93 | 4.83 | 185 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N56:19E | 41 | S78W | 51.00 | -18 | VARIABLE, ENE, CALM, SBW, CALM, SSW | FIRST AND MIDDLE MOSTLY LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183531 | ||||
| 1776-05-08T12:00 | -1.08 | 3.68 | 173 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N65:46E | 63 | S83W | 70.00 | -18 | SSW, SWBS, SBW | MODERATE | SW SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183532 | |||
| 1776-05-09T12:00 | -1.28 | 2.73 | 173 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N68:41E | 82 | S78W | 58.00 | -18 | SSW, SBW, CALM, SBW | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND SOMETIMES CALM | MIDDLE A SW SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183533 | ||||
| 1776-05-10T12:00 | -1.80 | 1.28 | 163 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N69:9E | 112 | S70W | 91.00 | -17 | SSW, SBW, S | MODERATE | A SOUTHERN SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183534 | |||
| 1776-05-11T12:00 | -2.28 | -0.80 | 152 | 9.3 | ST THOMAS | N71:18E | 155 | S77W | 128.00 | -17 | S, SBE | FIRST AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE MODERATE | MIDDLE A SOUTHERN SWELL | MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183535 | |||
| 1776-05-12T12:00 | -2.07 | -2.70 | 164 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N76:13E | 190 | N84W | 115.00 | -16 | SBE, S | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183536 | ||||
| 1776-05-13T12:00 | -1.95 | -4.52 | 153 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N78:59E | 225 | N86W | 109.00 | -16 | S, SBW, S, SBE | MODERATE | A SOUTHERN SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183537 | |||
| 1776-05-14T12:00 | -1.92 | -5.99 | 153 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | N80:24E | 252 | N89W | 88.00 | -16 | S, SBE | LITTLE WIND | A SOUTHERN SWELL | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183538 | |||
| 1776-05-15T12:00 | -2.43 | -7.37 | 119 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | N79:16E | 283 | S69W | 89.00 | -16 | S-SE | LITTLE WIND | A SOUTHERN SWELL | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183539 | |||
| 1776-05-16T13:00 | -2.52 | -8.77 | 145 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N79:556E | 311 | S86W | 84.00 | -13 | ESE, SE, SEBS, SSE | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | A SOUTHERN SWELL | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183540 | |||
| 1776-05-17T13:00 | -2.18 | -10.15 | 121 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | N81:52E | 337 | N76W | 86.00 | -14 | SSE, SEBS, SE | LIGHT BREEZES | A SOUTHERN SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183541 | |||
| 1776-05-18T13:00 | -2.10 | -11.44 | 144 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N82:42E | 362 | N86W | 77.00 | -14 | SEBS, SE, SSE | FIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | A SOUTHERN SWELL | FIRST AND MIDDLE FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183542 | |||
| 1776-05-19T13:00 | -2.12 | -12.95 | 90 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | N83:13E | 392 | S89W | 91.00 | -11 | SEBS-EBS | MOSTLY LITTLE WIND | MOSTLY HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183543 | ||||
| 1776-05-20T13:00 | -2.32 | -14.60 | 79 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N83:13E | 426 | S83W | 99.00 | -11 | SE-E | MOSTLY MODERATE | A SOUTHERN SWELL | MOSTLY CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183544 | |||
| 1776-05-21T13:00 | -2.68 | -16.57 | 136 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N82:53E | 466 | S80W | 120.00 | -10 | E-SEBS | MODERATE | SOMETIMES SHOWERY | A SOUTHERN SWELL | CLOUDY | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183545 | ||
| 1776-05-22T13:00 | -2.95 | -18.95 | 127 | 9.3 | ST THOMAS | N82:57E | 513 | S83W | 144.00 | -8 | SEBS, SE | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | A SOUTHERN SWELL | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183546 | |||
| 1776-05-23T13:00 | -3.35 | -20.64 | 105 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | N82:32E | 548 | S77W | 104.00 | -8 | SE, SEBE, ESE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | A SOUTHERN SWELL | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183547 | |||
| 1776-05-24T13:00 | -3.57 | -22.09 | 71 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N82:30E | 577 | S81W | 89.00 | -8 | EBS, E, EBN | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183548 | ||||
| 1776-05-25T14:00 | -3.10 | -24.00 | 108 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N83:50E | 614 | N76W | 120.00 | -5 | EBN-ESE | MODERATE | A SE SWELL | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183549 | |||
| 1776-05-26T14:00 | -2.32 | -25.95 | 118 | ST THOMAS | N85:30E | 653 | N68W | 126.00 | -6 | ESE, SEBE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER HARD SQUALLS | LATTER RAIN | LATTER A GREAT SWELL FROM THE SE | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183550 | ||||
| 1776-05-27T14:00 | -0.98 | -27.62 | 97 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | N88:1E | 684 | N51W | 129.00 | -4 | SE-EBS | FIRST PART HARD SQUALLS, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART SHOWERS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183551 | ||||
| 1776-06-01T14:00 | 5.28 | -32.30 | 51 | 2.6 | ST THOMAS | S82:33E | 784 | N44W | 77.00 | -5 | EBS, SEBE, VARIABLE, NE, NEBN, NEBE | SET NNW | 5 FATHOMS | MOSTLY LIGHT BREEZES | NE SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183552 | |
| 1776-06-02T14:00 | 5.87 | -32.79 | 362 | ST THOMAS | S81:47E | 795 | N40W | 47.00 | -2 | NEBE, NE, VARIABLE, SBE, VARIABLE, NEBE, VARIABLE | FIRST AND MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE FREQUENT RAINS | NE SWELL | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183553 | |||
| 1776-06-03T14:00 | 6.93 | -33.79 | 54 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | S80:29E | 815 | N43W | 88.00 | -2 | NEBE, VARIABLE, NNE, NEBN, NE, NEBE | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER FREQUENT SHOWERS OF RAIN | NE SWELL | LATTER CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183554 | ||
| 1776-06-04T14:00 | 8.47 | -35.39 | 52 | 9.3 | ST THOMAS | S78:48E | 851 | N46W | 133.00 | -4 | NEBE | FRESH BREEZES WITH FREQUENT SQUALLS | RAIN | NE SWELL | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183555 | |||
| 1776-06-05T15:00 | 9.73 | -37.77 | 67 | 19.0 | ST THOMAS | S77:47E | 901 | N62W | 162.00 | -1 | ENE, NE, NEBN, NE, ENE | MOSTLY FRESH GALES | NE SWELL | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183556 | |||
| 1776-06-06T15:00 | 10.97 | -40.27 | 78 | 19.0 | ST THOMAS | S76:58E | 955 | N63W | 167.00 | -1 | NEBN, EBN, ENE, NE, EBN | MOSTLY FRESH GALES | NE SWELL | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183557 | |||
| 1776-06-07T15:00 | 12.00 | -42.64 | 90 | 9.3 | ST THOMAS | S76:25E | 1005 | N66W | 153.00 | 0 | ENE, E | FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183558 | ||||
| 1776-06-08T15:00 | 12.38 | -44.70 | 101 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | S76:31E | 1045 | N79W | 127.00 | 0 | E, EBN, EBS, | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183559 | ||||
| 1776-06-09T15:00 | 12.62 | -46.70 | 100 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | S76:46E | 1085 | N82W | 118.00 | -1 | E, EBN, EBS | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183560 | ||||
| 1776-06-10T15:00 | 13.37 | -48.85 | 69 | 6.7 | ST THOMAS | S76:31E | 1129 | N70W | 134.00 | 1 | EBS-ENE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183561 | ||||
| 1776-06-11T00:00 | 13.13 | 101 | 9.3 | ST THOMAS | WBS1/4S | 6 | E, EBS | FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 183562 |