Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -21.770842 * Median Longitude: 18.949158 * South-bound Latitude: -40.020000 * West-bound Longitude: -30.620000 * North-bound Latitude: 34.830000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.320000

Date/Time Start: 1842-11-20T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1843-03-04T00:00:00

Event(s):

Palembang_18421120_T_REIS_4A_P33-38 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -7.500000 * Longitude End: 101.850000 * Date/Time Start: 1842-11-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1843-03-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Palembang (Fregat), Voyage: Nederland - Java, 1st Observer: Koops (Ltz), Company: MAR

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
10	Landmark	Landmark		Name of second landmark
11	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the second landmark
12	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
14	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
15	Wind scale reference	Wind scale ref	#	Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
16	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
17	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
18	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
20	Present weather	ww		Weather description
21	Precipitation description	Precip descr
22	State of the sea description	State sea descr
23	Cloud type	Cloud type
24	Clearness	Clearness
25	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
26	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
27	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
28	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
29	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
30	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
31	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
32	Comment	Comment
33	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

1847 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	10 Landmark (Name of second landmark)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark)	12 - (1 If position is considered t...)	13 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	14 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	15 Wind scale ref [#] (Name of, or reference to the ...)	16 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	17 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	18 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	19 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	20 ww (Weather description)	21 Precip descr	22 State sea descr	23 Cloud type	24 Clearness	25 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	26 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	32 Comment	33 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1842-11-20T13:00	34.83	-17.10	46	9.3	1026.7	20.6							-22	5	69.00	770.00	ONO	5				V00	H00	0	0		182310
1842-11-21T13:00	32.90	-18.03	349	9.3	1025.3	20.6							-22	5	69.00	769.00	NTO	5		W20		V05		0	1		182311
1842-11-22T13:00	30.37	-19.05	13	9.3	1024.0	21.7							-21	5	71.00	768.00	NOTN	5				V00, V04		0	0		182312
1842-11-23T13:00	27.30	-20.40	93	12.3	1022.7	22.2							-20	6	72.00	767.00	OZO	6		W20		V06		0	1		182313
1842-11-24T13:00	24.65	-21.73	81	9.3	1022.7	23.3							-20	5	74.00	767.00	OTZ	5				V00	H00	0	0		182314
1842-11-25T14:00	21.93	-22.85	50	9.3									-18	5			ONO	5				V00	H00	0	0		182315
1842-11-26T14:00	19.45	-24.15	61	9.3	1020.0	23.9							-18	5	75.00	765.00	OTN	5				V00	H00	0	0		182316
1842-11-27T14:00	17.47	-25.67	96	12.3	1022.7	25.0							-17	6	77.00	767.00	OZO	6				V04	H00	0	0		182317
1842-11-28T14:00	14.38	-25.10	51	12.3									-17	6			ONO	6				V04	H00	0	0		182318
1842-11-29T14:00	11.32	-23.72	63	12.3	1018.7	26.7							-16	6	80.00	764.00	OTN	6				V04		0	0		182319
1842-11-30T13:00	7.92	-22.27	51	6.7	1017.3	26.7							-17	4	80.00	763.00	ONO	4				V04	H00	0	0		182320
1842-12-01T13:00	6.75	-21.53	51	4.6	1017.3	26.1							-17	3	79.00	763.00	ONO	3				V04		0	0	a trivial correction was made in this observation	182321
1842-12-02T13:00	5.27	-21.38	107	6.7	1016.0	25.0							-17	4	77.00	762.00	ZOTO	4				V10		0	0		182322
1842-12-03T13:00	4.62	-20.95	152	4.6	1016.0	24.4							-17	3	76.00	762.00	ZTO	3				V10		0	0		182323
1842-12-04T13:00	3.87	-21.22	129	9.3	1016.0	26.7							-17	5	80.00	762.00	ZOTZ	5					H00	0	0		182324
1842-12-05T14:00	2.55	-22.70	120	6.7	1016.0	26.7							-15	4	80.00	762.00	ZO	4					H00	0	0		182325
1842-12-06T14:00	1.83	-23.90	121	12.3	1016.0	25.0							-14	6	77.00	762.00	ZO	6					H00	0	0		182326
1842-12-07T14:00	-1.63	-25.40	132	12.3	1016.0	26.1							-14	6	79.00	762.00	ZOTZ	6				V04, V10		0	0		182327
1842-12-08T14:00	-3.70	-26.65	121	9.3	1018.7	26.1							-14	5	79.00	764.00	ZO	5				V04		0	0		182328
1842-12-09T14:00	-5.93	-28.05	102	9.3	1017.3	26.7							-11	5	80.00	763.00	OZO	5						0	0		182329
1842-12-10T14:00	-8.43	-29.18	103	9.3	1017.3	26.1							-10	5	79.00	763.00	OZO	5					H00	0	0		182330
1842-12-11T14:00	-11.53	-30.00	80	9.3	1018.7	26.1							-10	5	79.00	764.00	O	5					H00	0	0		182331
1842-12-12T14:00	-14.83	-30.62	70	9.3	1017.3	25.6							-9	5	78.00	763.00	OTN	5				V04	H00	0	0		182332
1842-12-13T14:00	-17.67	-30.28	60	9.3	1018.7	25.6							-8	5	78.00	764.00	ONO	5				V00	H00	0	0		182333
1842-12-14T14:00	-20.10	-29.02	37	6.7	1018.7	25.0							-8	4	77.00	764.00	NO	4				V04	H00	0	0		182334
1842-12-15T14:00	-22.62	-27.87	16	6.7	1018.7	23.9							-7	4	75.00	764.00	NNO	4				V04	H00	0	0		182335
1842-12-16T14:00	-24.13	-26.08	158	9.3	1017.3	22.2							-11	5	72.00	763.00	ZTO	5				V05, V03		0	0		182336
1842-12-17T14:00	-25.25	-26.73	135	4.6	1018.7	23.3							-11	3	74.00	764.00	ZOTZ	3		W20		V04		0	1		182337
1842-12-18T14:00	-26.20	-28.37	106	9.3	1020.0	21.1							-7	5	70.00	765.00	OZO	5				V10		0	0		182338
1842-12-19T14:00	-27.58	-29.58	95	9.3	1022.7	21.7							-6	5	71.00	767.00	OTZ	5		W20		V00, V04		0	1		182339
1842-12-20T14:00	-30.25	-29.87	107	6.7	1024.0	22.2							-6	4	72.00	768.00	OZO	4				V00	H00	0	0		182340
1842-12-21T14:00	-32.45	-29.27	50	12.3	1024.0	24.4							-6	6	76.00	768.00	NOTO	6				V04		0	0		182341
1842-12-22T14:00	-34.53	-27.80	19	6.7	1025.3	21.1							-4	4	70.00	769.00	NNO	4					H00	0	0		182342
1842-12-23T14:00	-35.70	-25.88	352	12.3	1014.7	22.2							-8	6	72.00	761.00	N	6				V10		0	0		182343
1842-12-24T14:00	-35.98	-22.75	127	15.4	1012.0	21.1							-8	7	70.00	759.00	ZO	7				V10		0	0		182344
1842-12-25T13:00	-35.57	-19.30	338	15.4	1010.7	20.0							-11	7	68.00	758.00	NTW	7	W00	W20				1	1		182345
1842-12-26T13:00	-34.98	-18.77	113	6.7	1014.7	21.7							-11	4	71.00	761.00	ZOTO	4				V05	H01	0	0		182346
1842-12-27T13:00	-34.70	-15.38	99	6.7	1017.3	19.4							-14	4	67.00	763.00	OZO	4				V00		0	0		182347
1842-12-28T13:00	-36.12	-15.47	110	6.7	1014.7	20.6							-14	4	69.00	761.00	ZOTO	4				V04		0	0		182348
1842-12-29T13:00	-35.50	-14.77	54	12.3	1016.0	20.6							-14	6	69.00	762.00	ONO	6				V05		0	0		182349
1842-12-30T13:00	-36.05	-13.72	9	15.4	1016.0	21.1							-14	7	70.00	762.00	NNO	6-7	W00	W20				1	1		182350
1842-12-31T13:00	-36.98	-10.78	332	9.3	1018.7	21.1							-17	5	70.00	764.00	NTW	5				V05	H10	0	0		182351
1843-01-01T12:00	-36.62	-6.55	329	9.3	1016.0	18.3							-20	5	65.00	762.00	NTW	5				V10, V01		0	0		182352
1843-01-02T12:00	-36.40	-2.18	326	9.3	1017.3	22.2							-23	5	72.00	763.00	NTW	5				V04		0	0		182353
1843-01-03T12:00	-36.05	1.98	213	6.7	1016.0	21.1							-23	4	70.00	762.00	ZWTW	4				V00		0	0		182354
1843-01-04T12:00	-35.88	4.95	313	12.3	1018.7	21.1							-25	6	70.00	764.00	NNW	6				V04		0	0		182355
1843-01-05T11:00	-35.95	7.68	142	6.7	1014.7	20.6							-27	4	69.00	761.00	ZTO	4		W20		V05		0	1		182356
1843-01-06T11:00	-35.98	11.67	29	6.7	1017.3	19.4							-27	4	67.00	763.00	NOTO	4				V05		0	0		182357
1843-01-07T11:00	-36.82	12.08	131	6.7	1016.0	19.4							-27	4	67.00	762.00	ZZO	4		W20				0	1		182358
1843-01-08T11:00	-38.07	13.68	287	9.3	1017.3	19.4							-28	5	67.00	763.00	NW	5				V04		0	0		182359
1843-01-09T11:00	-37.22	15.57	287	6.7	1016.0	19.4							-28	4	67.00	762.00	NW	4					H00	0	0		182360
1843-01-10T11:00	-36.05	17.55	117	6.7	1020.0	20.6							-29	4	69.00	765.00	ZOTZ	4					H00	0	0		182361
1843-01-11T11:00	-34.70	18.42									1		-29											0	0		182362
1843-01-20T00:00			225	12.3								ONDER ZEIL.		6			ZW	6						0	0		182363
1843-01-21T11:00	-34.53	18.65	117		1024.0	20.0							-29		68.00	768.00	ZOTZ					V04		0	0		182364
1843-01-22T11:00	-35.37	20.92		0.0	1025.3	21.7							-29		71.00	769.00		STIL				V00		0	0		182365
1843-01-23T11:00	-35.38	20.68	95	6.7	1026.7	22.2							-29	4	72.00	770.00	ZOTO	4				V00	H00	0	0		182366
1843-01-24T11:00	-36.10	19.53	95	4.6	1022.7	21.7							-29	3	71.00	767.00	ZOTO	3				V00		0	0		182367
1843-01-25T11:00	-37.05	18.12	162	6.7	1017.3	21.1							-29	4	70.00	763.00	ZTW	4					H00	0	0		182368
1843-01-26T11:00	-37.57	19.40	286	15.4	1004.0	20.0							-29	7	68.00	753.00	NW	7			Z04	V00	H00	0	0		182369
1843-01-27T11:00	-38.52	21.53	207	15.4	1016.0	20.0							-29	7	68.00	762.00	ZWTW	8-7			Z01	V10, V03		0	0		182370
1843-01-28T10:00	-37.65	26.88	341	1.0	1016.0	19.4							-30	1	67.00	762.00	NTO	1				V00		0	0		182371
1843-01-29T10:00	-38.08	28.72	194	1.0	1008.0	21.7							-31	1	71.00	756.00	WNW, ZW	1				V01		0	0		182372
1843-01-30T10:00	-38.27	31.95	284	12.3	1004.0	21.7							-31	6	71.00	753.00	NW	6				V04	H00	0	0		182373
1843-01-31T10:00	-38.68	35.60	240	12.3	1008.0	20.0							-31	6	68.00	756.00	W	6				V10		0	0		182374
1843-02-01T09:00	-38.53	40.33	218	12.3	1013.3	19.4							-30	6	67.00	760.00	WZW	6				V10	H00	0	0		182375
1843-02-02T09:00	-38.65	44.82	219	1.0	1020.0	18.3							-29	1	65.00	765.00	WZW	1				V03		0	0		182376
1843-02-03T09:00	-38.78	48.10	343	9.3	1024.0	18.9							-28	5	66.00	768.00	NTO	5					H00	0	0		182377
1843-02-04T09:00	-39.15	51.57	343	6.7	1028.0	20.6							-28	4	69.00	771.00	NTO	4				V04		0	0		182378
1843-02-05T08:00	-39.50	54.15	333	6.7	1024.0	20.6							-27	4	69.00	768.00	N	3-4				V05		0	0		182379
1843-02-06T08:00	-40.02	55.67	322	6.7	1017.3	20.6							-27	4	69.00	763.00	NTW	4				V05, V03		0	0		182380
1843-02-07T08:00	-39.48	57.78	334	1.0	1000.0	21.7							-26	1	71.00	750.00	N	1		SLAGREGEN, W22				0	1		182381
1843-02-08T08:00	-39.47	60.38	199	1.0	997.3	20.6							-26	1	69.00	748.00	ZW	1		W20				0	1		182382
1843-02-09T08:00	-39.10	60.42	177	9.3	1001.3	20.6							-26	5	69.00	751.00	ZZW	5					H00	0	0		182383
1843-02-10T08:00	-38.45	62.22	222	9.3	1006.7	21.1							-26	5	70.00	755.00	WZW	5		W20		V04, V10		0	1		182384
1843-02-11T08:00	-38.32	67.25	223	9.3	1008.0	20.6							-25	5	69.00	756.00	WZW	5		W20		V05		0	1		182385
1843-02-12T07:00	-38.42	68.43	156	9.3	1016.0	20.0							-24	5	68.00	762.00	Z	5				V10	H00	0	0		182386
1843-02-13T07:00	-37.82	71.68	246	4.6	1016.0	20.0							-24	3	68.00	762.00	W	3				V05	H00	0	0		182387
1843-02-14T07:00	-37.32	73.53	275	12.3	1010.7	20.6							-18	6	69.00	758.00	WNW	6				V10		0	0		182388
1843-02-15T07:00	-36.85	77.08	308	12.3	1006.7	21.1							-18	6	70.00	755.00	NWTN	6		W20		V04, V10		0	1		182389
1843-02-16T07:00	-36.18	81.53	322	19.0	1006.7	21.7							-16	8	71.00	755.00	NNW	8						0	0		182390
1843-02-17T06:00	-34.60	85.75	176	4.6	1014.7	21.7							-15	3	71.00	761.00	ZTW	3				V00, V04		0	0		182391
1843-02-18T06:00	-33.33	88.07	144	12.3	1022.7	20.6							-14	6	69.00	767.00	ZZO	6				V00, V04	H00	0	0		182392
1843-02-19T06:00	-30.90	91.73	114	6.7	1022.7	20.0							-10	4	68.00	767.00	ZOTO	4				V05	H00	0	0		182393
1843-02-20T06:00	-28.40	93.42	104	12.3	1021.3	22.2							-9	6	72.00	766.00	OZO	6				V05, V10		0	0		182394
1843-02-21T06:00	-26.15	95.25	106	12.3	1021.3	22.2							-7	6	72.00	766.00	OZO	6				V04		0	0		182395
1843-02-22T05:00	-23.78	98.70	107	12.3	1020.0	23.3							-6	6	74.00	765.00	OZO	6				V10		0	0		182396
1843-02-23T05:00	-20.65	97.90	109	6.7	1014.7	25.0							-4	4	77.00	761.00	OZO	4	W00	W20				1	1		182397
1843-02-24T05:00	-17.32	98.85	77	12.3	1013.3	26.7							-2	6	80.00	760.00	OTN	6				V00	H00	0	0		182398
1843-02-25T05:00	-13.92	99.35	32	6.7	1022.7	27.2							-2	4	81.00	767.00	NOTN	4				V04	H00	0	0		182399
1843-02-26T05:00	-12.68	98.38	291	1.0	1013.3	27.8							-2	1	82.00	760.00	NNO, WNW	1						0	0		182400
1843-02-27T05:00	-11.02	98.35	315	1.0	1013.3	28.3							0	1	83.00	760.00	NW	1	WARM WEER					0	0		182401
1843-02-28T05:00	-10.17	98.95	338	9.3	1012.0	27.2							0	5	81.00	759.00	NNW	5						0	0		182402
1843-03-01T05:00	-8.50	100.52	326	9.3	1014.7	27.8							0	5	82.00	761.00	NWTN	5				V01, V04		0	0		182403
1843-03-02T05:00	-6.68	102.20	237	6.7	1017.3	27.8							1	4	82.00	763.00	ZWTW	4		W20		V10		0	1	a trivial correction was made in this observation	182404
1843-03-03T05:00	-6.15	104.32	215	6.7	1012.0	27.8							1	4	82.00	759.00	ZWTZ	4				V00, V01		0	0		182405
1843-03-04T00:00			225				ST NICOLAASPUNT	1	POLO BABI	1	1						WNW, ZW							0	0		182406