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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during NORTHUMBERLAND cruise from Bombay to Bengal started at 1774-12-12 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750978, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 9.878302 * Median Longitude: 87.727925 * South-bound Latitude: 3.530000 * West-bound Longitude: 76.850000 * North-bound Latitude: 20.000000 * East-bound Longitude: 98.000000
Date/Time Start: 1774-12-12T07:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-02-11T00:00:00
Event(s):
Northumberland_17741212_BL_L/MAR/B/141F * Latitude Start: 18.500000 * Longitude Start: 72.820000 * Latitude End: 20.120000 * Longitude End: 88.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1774-12-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-02-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Northumberland, Voyage: Bombay - Bengal, 1st Observer: James Rees (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 657BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
13 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
14 Current speed descriptionV descr
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 CommentComment
28 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1132 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
13 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
14 
V descr
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
ww
(Weather description)
17 
Precip descr
18 
State sea descr
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
21 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
22 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
23 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
24 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
25 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
26 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
27 
Comment
28 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1774-12-12T07:008.1777.0533CAPE CAMEROONE1/2S5-1SWBS, SW, NE, NEBNLIGHT LAND & SEA BREEZESHAZY0000000180098
1774-12-13T07:007.7076.955519.0CAPE CAMEROONNE1/2N10-1S, NEBN, NE, NEBELATTER FRESH GALESSEA FROM NECLOUDY0000000180099
1774-12-14T07:007.2376.853419.0CAPE CAMEROONN18W15S12E57.000NEBE, NE, NEBNFRESH GALES, MIDDLE SQUALLYLARGE SEA FROM NEFIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY0000000180100
1774-12-15T07:006.6277.4334CAPE CAMEROONN45W26S63E73.000NNE, NE, NEBN,FRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLY0000000180101
1774-12-16T07:006.0078.172319.0CAPE CAMEROONN57W61S72E78.000NEBN, NBE, NNEFRESH GALESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation180102
1774-12-17T07:005.9379.00349.3CAPE CAMEROONN63W87S78E82.000NNE, NBE, NEBNWEXCEEDING STRONGFRESH BREEZESSMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000180103
1774-12-18T07:006.3079.553606.7ADAMS PEAK, CEYLONNE80NNE, NBW, NMODERATEPLEASANT WEATHERSMOOTH WATER0000000180104
1774-12-19T07:005.7880.102702.6HAYCOCKNBE60NBW, NE, ESE, WFIRST PART PLEASANT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT WINDS AND VARIABLEMIDDLE AND LATTER PLEASANT WEATHER0000000180105
1774-12-20T07:005.4280.68459.3LAND, EXTREMES OFNNE100NW, ESE, NEBE, NEFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180106
1774-12-21T07:005.0381.27569.3DUNDER HEADN19W22S19E40.000NE, EBN, ENE, NEBEFIRST PART CALM, LATTER FRESH BREEZESFAIR0000000180107
1774-12-22T07:004.3582.07349.3DUNDER HEADN37W38S53E62.000NE, NEBE, ENE, NEBNFRESH BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180108
1774-12-23T06:003.7083.30469.3DUNDER HEADN47W64S66E83.001NNE, NEBN, NEMODERATE STEADY BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180109
1774-12-24T06:003.5384.701210.0DUNDER HEADN58W88S85E86.001NNE, NBE, NNE, NBEFRESH STEADY BREEZESCLOUDY AND HAZY0000000180110
1774-12-25T06:003.6586.0319.3DUNDER HEADN66W110S83E80.001N, NBE, NWBW, NFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY AND GLOOMY0000000180111
1774-12-26T06:003.6287.37129.3DUNDER HEADN71W135N83E81.001NBE, N, NBW, NBEFRESH BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR0000000180112
1774-12-27T06:004.0388.523276.7DUNDER HEADN76W155N70E74.001N, NBW, NNW, NWBNMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHERSWELL FROM NE0000000180113
1774-12-28T06:004.3888.97122.6DUNDER HEADN79W162N50E35.001NW, NNW, N, NBELIGHT WINDSPLEASANT WEATHER. LIGHTNINGSWELL FROM NE0000100180114
1774-12-29T06:004.4389.4080DUNDER HEADN80W170S83E48.001NNE, NNE, NEBN, EBNMIDDLE AND LATTER UNSETTLED. THUNDER + LIGHTNINGMIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY0000100180115
1774-12-30T06:005.1388.9235DUNDER HEADN85W165N35W55.001NEBE, E, NE, NEBNUNSETTLED SQUALLY WEATHERGREAT DEAL OF RAIN IN HEAVY SHOWERS1100000180116
1774-12-31T06:005.6589.22316DUNDER HEADN88W170N36E53.001NEBE, NBE, N, NWFIRST PART SQUALLYFIRST PART UNSETTLED, REMAINDER MORE SETTLEDFIRST PART DRIZZLING RAIN0100000180117
1775-01-01T06:006.4289.50802.6DUNDER HEADS86W173N32E32.001NW, WNW, CALM, EBNLIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLESOME SHOWERSLARGE SWELL FROM NECLOUDY1000000180118
1775-01-02T06:007.0789.1257DUNDER HEADS82W165N30W58.001NEBE, EBN, NNE, NEBEVERY SQUALLYUNSETTLED - MUCH THUNDER AND LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHTEXCESSIVE HEAVY RAIN0100100180119
1775-01-03T06:008.3088.5835DUNDER HEADS72W160N33W59.001ENE, NEBE, NE, NEBNSOME SQUALLSUNSETTLEDSHOWERS OF RAINCLOUDY1100000180120
1775-01-04T06:007.8889.17576.7DUNDER HEADN68W170S54E66.001NEBN, NE, NNE, NEBEMODERATE BREEZES, SOME LIGHT SQUALLSSHOWERSCLOUDY1000000180121
1775-01-05T06:008.4289.14469.3DUNDER HEADS73W174N17E64.001NE, NEBN, NEFRESH BREEZES, SOME LIGHT SQUALLSSHOWERSSMOOTH WATER1000000180122
1775-01-06T06:008.4289.52466.7DUNDER HEADS75W181S86E63.001NNE, NEBN, NEBE, NEMODERATE BREEZES, FIRST PART SQUALLY, LATTER MORE SETTLEDFIRST PART HEAVY SHOWERS, LATTER MORE MODERATE1000000180123
1775-01-07T06:009.2389.1335DUNDER HEADS68W183N22W50.001NE, NW, NEBE, NEBNFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS VERY UNSETTLED WEATHERFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HEAVY RAINLATTER CLOUDY0100000180124
1775-01-08T06:009.5288.9735DUNDER HEADS67W185N7W35.001NE, NEBE, N, NEBNVARIABLE AND SQUALLYVERY UNSETTLEDMUCH RAIN0100000180125
1775-01-09T06:009.6289.88126.7DUNDER HEADS68W204E65.001NBE, NNE, NBEMODERATE BREEZESSETTLEDSMOOTH WATER0000000180126
1775-01-10T06:009.4591.0119.3DUNDER HEADS72W226E76.001NNE, NBE, NNE, NSTEADY BREEZESSETTLEDLATTER SWELL FROM ENE0000000180127
1775-01-11T06:009.3391.82126.7DUNDER HEADS74W244S85E74.001NBE, NNE, N, NBEMODERATE BREEZESFAIR0000000180128
1775-01-12T06:009.6792.9119.3DUNDER HEADS74W268N75E76.001NBE, N, NBW, NSTEADY BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180129
1775-01-13T06:009.5393.5412.6DUNDER HEADS74W282N72E46.001NBW, N, NBE, NLIGHT BREEZESCLOSESMOOTH WATERCLOUDY0000000180130
1775-01-14T06:009.6394.6316.7DUNDER HEADS76W305N85E74.001N, NNE, NBE, NMODERATE BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER FAIR0000000180131
1775-01-15T06:009.8095.621DUNDER HEADS76W328N78E70.001N, NBW, N,PLEASANT WEATHERSMOOTH WATER0000000180132
1775-01-16T06:009.9895.7812DUNDER HEADS76W334N83E79.001N, NBW, N, NBEPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180133
1775-01-17T06:0010.0796.86350DUNDER HEADS76W358N82E72.001N, NBE, N, NBWPLEASANT WEATHERSMOOTH WATER0000000180134
1775-01-18T05:0010.1898.00360DUNDER HEADS77W383N85E75.000N, NBE, NPLEASANT WEATHERSTRONG RIPPLINGS0000000180135
1775-01-19T00:0010.52236.7SUSANNAESE961.00NBE, N, NEBN, NNEMODERATE BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180136
1775-01-20T00:0011.05360CARNICCOBAR ISLANDN7N61W42.00NE, NBE, NEBN, NMIDDLE AND LATTER HEAVY RAINFIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY0100000180137
1775-01-21T00:0011.6734N46W52.00CALM, NNE, NBE, NEBNFREQUENT LIGHT SHOWERS OF RAINCLOUDY GLOOMY WEATHER1100000180138
1775-01-22T00:0011.9223N48W43.00NWBN, WBS, NBE, NNEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS VARIABLE LATTER MORE SETTLEDLATTER FAIR0000000180139
1775-01-23T00:0012.2323N58W54.00NNE, NBE, NEBN, NNEPLEASANT WEATHERSMOOTH WATER0000000180140
1775-01-24T06:0012.5394.6134BARREN ISLANDSWBS1/2S752.000NNE, NBE, NEBN0000000180141
1775-01-25T00:0012.7845BARREN ISLANDSS35E1148.00NBE, NNE, NEBN, NEVERY PLEASANT WEATHER0000000180142
1775-01-26T00:0013.2045GREAT ANDAMANS79W, N70W1055.00NE, NEBE, ENE, NEPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180143
1775-01-27T00:0013.67112.6GREAT ANDAMANW559.00NEBN, NE, NNE, NBELIGHT BREEZESPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180144
1775-01-28T06:0014.3891.4324GREAT ANDAMANS38E18N37W63.001NNE, NEBN, NNEPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180145
1775-01-29T06:0014.6591.27242.6GREAT ANDAMANS36E19N42W38.001NEBN, N, NNE,LIGHT WINDSPLEASANT WEATHERSWELL FROM S0000000180146
1775-01-30T06:0015.1890.7746GREAT ANDAMANS38E38N47W44.001N, NEBN, NNE, NEPLEASANT WEATHERSWELL FROM S0000000180147
1775-01-31T06:0016.4290.0046GREAT ANDAMANS36E68N41W70.001NE, NEBN, NE,PLEASANT WEATHERSMOOTH WATER0000000180148
1775-02-01T06:0017.0589.3724GREAT ANDERMANS37E103N42W72.001NEBN, NNEPLEASANT WEATHER0000000180149
1775-02-02T06:0017.0789.223611.0GREAT ANDERMANS38E109N45W18.001NEBN, NNE, NBE, CALMLIGHT AIRS AND CALMSFAIR0000000180150
1775-02-03T06:0017.1588.8312GREAT ANDERMANS41E106N60W25.001NNE, NEBN, NNE, NBESMOOTH WATERFAIR0000000180151
1775-02-04T06:0017.4288.35356.7GREAT ANDERMANS43E108N36W63.001NBE, NNW, NNE, NEBNMODERATEFAIR0000000180152
1775-02-05T06:0017.7388.0268GREAT ANDERMANS43E118N56W21.000NNE, NBE, NE, ENEFAIR0000000180153
1775-02-06T06:0018.1387.95902.6GREAT ANDERMANS41E136N7W34.000NE, NEBE, ENE, ELIGHT BREEZESFAIR0000000180154
1775-02-07T06:0018.6587.821351.0GREAT ANDERMANS39E139N16W29.000E, ESE, CALM, SELIGHT AIRSFAIR0000000180155
1775-02-08T06:0018.8287.733620.0GREAT ANDERMANS38E132N17W17.000CALM, E, CALM, ESE, VARIABLECALMS AND LIGHT AIRS0000000180156
1775-02-09T06:0019.2087.58686.7GREAT ANDERMANS37E139N20W27.000SSE, SSW, CALM, E, ENELATTER PLEASANT BREEZESLATTER CLOUDY0000000180157
1775-02-10T06:0020.0087.901802.6GREAT ANDERMANS32E149NNE47.000EBS, E, ESE, SLIGHT BREEZESFAIR0000000180158
1775-02-11T00:0020.73326POINT PALMIRAS15N6W57.00SSW, WNW, W, NWBNTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGMIDDLE RAINMIDDLE PART CLOUDY GLOOMY WEATHER0100100180159