García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during NORTHUMBERLAND cruise from Gravesend to St. Helena started at 1767-01-25 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750972, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -19.171622 * Median Longitude: -18.884865 * South-bound Latitude: -31.170000 * West-bound Longitude: -30.550000 * North-bound Latitude: 8.270000 * East-bound Longitude: 0.980000
Date/Time Start: 1767-01-25T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1767-03-23T00:00:00
Event(s):
Northumberland_17670125_BL_L/MAR/B/141D * Latitude Start: 51.490000 * Longitude Start: 1.170000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1767-01-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1767-03-23T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Northumberland, Voyage: Gravesend - St Helena, 1st Observer: John Milford (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 657BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 15 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 16 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 17 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 18 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 19 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 20 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 21 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 22 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 23 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 24 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 25 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 26 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 27 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 28 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
743 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 15 V descr | 16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 17 ww (Weather description) | 18 Precip descr | 19 State sea descr | 20 Clearness | 21 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 22 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 23 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 24 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 25 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 26 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 27 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 28 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1767-01-25T13:00 | 8.27 | -20.20 | 13 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N18W | 164 | S8E | 99.00 | -10 | NNE | LIGHT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179575 | |||||
| 1767-01-26T13:00 | 6.70 | -20.02 | 2 | BONAVISTA | N16W | 195 | S7E | 94.00 | -9 | NBE, NE, NBE | LIGHT WINDS INCLINING TO BE VARIABLE | SOME SHOWERS, A GOOD DEAL OF LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHT | CLOUDY | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 179576 | ||||||
| 1767-01-27T13:00 | 4.90 | -19.85 | 25 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N14W | 231 | S7E | 112.00 | -9 | NBE, NNE, NEBN, | LIGHT BREEZES | LIGHTNING TO THE SE AT 7PM | FIRST PART RAIN | SMOOTH WATER | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 179577 | |||
| 1767-01-28T13:00 | 4.55 | -20.02 | 36 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N13W | 237 | SSW1/2W | 23.00 | -9 | ENE, SSW, CALM, NE, | LIGHT WINDS VARIABLE | UNSETTLED. LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHT ALL ROUND THE COMPASS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 179578 | ||||||
| 1767-01-29T13:00 | 3.87 | -20.08 | 104 | BONAVISTA | N12W | 250 | S12W | 42.00 | -9 | NEBE, ESE | VARIABLE | UNSETTLED. GOOD DEAL OF LIGHTNING IN THE NIGHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179579 | |||||||
| 1767-01-30T13:00 | 3.25 | -20.42 | 126 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N10W | 261 | SSW1/2W | 43.00 | -9 | SE, SEBE, EBS, SE, | LIGHT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179580 | |||||
| 1767-01-31T13:00 | 1.30 | -21.28 | 133 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N6W | 277 | SWBS | 73.00 | -8 | SE, SEBE, SE1/2S | PLEASANT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | MOSTLY HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179581 | |||||
| 1767-02-10T14:00 | -11.62 | -29.52 | 100 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N13E | 570 | S16W | 108.00 | -1 | SEBE, SE, ESE, EBS | PLEASANT BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179582 | ||||||
| 1767-02-11T14:00 | -13.78 | -30.50 | 113 | 9.3 | BONAVISTA | N13E | 614 | S13W | 133.00 | 0 | EBS, ESE, SEBE, ESE | A PLEASANT TRADE | CONFUSED SWELL | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179583 | |||||
| 1767-02-12T14:00 | -16.02 | -30.38 | 101 | 12.3 | BONAVISTA | N13E | 659 | S10W | 136.00 | 0 | SEBE, EBS, ESE, EBS | A FRESH TRADE WITH SQUALLS | RAIN | SWELL FROM E | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179584 | ||||
| 1767-02-13T14:00 | -18.03 | -30.55 | 91 | 9.3 | BONAVISTA | N13E | 699 | S1/2W | 119.00 | 1 | EBS, ESE, EBS, E | A PLEASANT GALE | SWELL FROM E | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179585 | |||||
| 1767-02-14T14:00 | -20.17 | -30.27 | 91 | 9.3 | BONAVISTA | N12E | 740 | S7E | 130.00 | 1 | E, | A PLEASANT GALE | WATER RATHER SMOOTHER THAN BEFORE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179586 | |||||
| 1767-02-15T14:00 | -22.05 | -29.75 | 91 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N10E | 775 | S15E | 117.00 | 1 | EBN, E, | PLEASANT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179587 | |||||
| 1767-02-16T14:00 | -23.70 | -29.27 | 70 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N9E | 806 | SBE1/2E | 103.00 | 2 | EBN, E, EBS, ENE | LIGHT PLEASANT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179588 | |||||
| 1767-02-17T14:00 | -25.33 | -28.43 | 47 | 9.3 | BONAVISTA | N8E | 836 | SSE1/4E | 109.00 | 2 | ENE, EBN, E, NEBE, NE | A PLEASANT GALE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179589 | |||||
| 1767-02-18T14:00 | -26.43 | -27.43 | 56 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N6E | 855 | SE1/2S | 85.00 | 0 | NE, ENE, E, NEBE | PLEASANT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179590 | |||||
| 1767-02-19T14:00 | -27.30 | -26.02 | 34 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N4E | 870 | SEBE | 92.00 | 0 | NEBE, NNE, NE, NEBN | A PLEASANT BREEZE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179591 | |||||
| 1767-02-20T14:00 | -27.70 | -24.63 | 1 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N2E | 876 | S72E | 78.00 | 1 | NNE, NBE, N | LIGHT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179592 | |||||
| 1767-02-21T14:00 | -27.95 | -23.45 | 294 | 1.0 | BONAVISTA | N1E | 881 | EBS1/4S | 65.00 | 1 | N, WBN, NNW, NBW, WNW | LIGHT AIRS | SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179593 | |||||
| 1767-02-22T13:00 | -28.20 | -22.00 | 268 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N1W | 886 | EBS | 79.00 | -2 | WNW, NNW, W | LIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLE | UNSETTLED | LARGE SWELL FROM SW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179594 | |||||
| 1767-02-23T13:00 | -28.50 | -21.43 | 99 | 1.0 | BONAVISTA | N1W | 892 | SEBE1/4E | 35.00 | -2 | WBN, SWBS, ESE, EBS | LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE | SWELL FROM SW | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179595 | ||||||
| 1767-02-24T13:00 | -29.27 | -20.67 | 21 | 1.0 | BONAVISTA | N3W | 908 | S42E | 61.00 | -2 | E, EBN, NEBE, NE, NNE | LIGHT AIRS | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179596 | |||||
| 1767-02-25T13:00 | -29.33 | -18.65 | 279 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N5W | 912 | E2S | 106.00 | -2 | N, NW, NW, WBN | A PLEASANT BREEZE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179597 | |||||
| 1767-02-26T13:00 | -29.17 | -16.28 | 199 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N8W | 914 | N85 (!) | 124.00 | -4 | NWBW, WBN, SSW | MODERATE BREEZES | SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179598 | |||||
| 1767-02-27T13:00 | -29.02 | -15.47 | 142 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N9W | 914 | E3/4N | 67.00 | -4 | SBE, S, SSE, SEBS | LIGHT BREEZES | LARGE SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179599 | |||||
| 1767-02-28T13:00 | -29.72 | -14.80 | 52 | 1.0 | BONAVISTA | N10W | 929 | SBE | 43.00 | -4 | E, EBS, NEBE, E, NEBE | LIGHT AIRS | SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179600 | |||||
| 1767-03-01T13:00 | -30.38 | -17.10 | 75 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N10W | 945 | SE1/4S | 53.00 | FROM GREENWICH CORRECTED | -4 | ENE, NE, NEBE, EBN | LIGHT WINDS | SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179601 | ||||
| 1767-03-02T13:00 | -30.62 | -16.87 | 356 | 1.0 | BONAVISTA | N10W | 950 | SE | 20.00 | FROM GREENWICH CORRECTED | -4 | ENE, NEBN, N | SEBE | 1 | LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS | SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179602 | ||
| 1767-03-03T13:00 | -30.65 | -13.87 | 109 | 0.0 | BONAVISTA | 1.00 | -4 | CALM-ESE | CALM | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179603 | |||||||||
| 1767-03-04T13:00 | -30.78 | -13.80 | 1.0 | BONAVISTA | S27E | 9.00 | -4 | ALMOST CALM | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179604 | ||||||||||
| 1767-03-05T13:00 | -30.92 | -12.88 | 2.6 | BONAVISTA | N11W | 959 | S81E | 49.00 | -4 | LIGHT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179605 | |||||||
| 1767-03-06T13:00 | -31.17 | -11.70 | 7.3 | BONAVISTA | N13W | 696 | S76E | 63.00 | -7 | AN INCREASING BREEZE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179606 | |||||||
| 1767-03-18T12:00 | -21.93 | -1.62 | 99 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N29W | 866 | N33E | 101.00 | -14 | ESE, SEBE, ESE, | MODERATE BREEZES | LARGE SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179607 | |||||
| 1767-03-19T12:00 | -20.60 | -1.03 | 99 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N30W | 849 | NE | 86.00 | -14 | EBS, ESE, SEBE, ESE | MODERATE BREEZES | LARGE SWELL FROM SE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179608 | |||||
| 1767-03-20T12:00 | -19.05 | -0.08 | 99 | 9.3 | BONAVISTA | N32W | 832 | N30E | 108.00 | -14 | SEBE, SE, ESE | A PLEASANT TRADE | SWELL MUCH FALLEN | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179609 | |||||
| 1767-03-21T12:00 | -16.98 | 0.98 | 131 | 9.3 | BONAVISTA | N35W | 810 | N26E | 137.00 | -15 | SE, SSE, SEBS | A PLEASANT TRADE | SMOOTH WATER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179610 | |||||
| 1767-03-22T12:00 | -15.82 | 0.60 | 109 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | N36W | 787 | NBW1/2W | 74.00 | -15 | SSE, SE, SEBE | PLEASANT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179611 | |||||
| 1767-03-23T00:00 | -15.95 | 135 | 6.7 | BONAVISTA | SSE, SEBS, SE | PLEASANT BREEZES | SMOOTH WATER | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 179612 |