García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MONARCA cruise from Johanna to Nagapatam started at 1781-09-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750813, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 3.995667 * Median Longitude: 63.081667 * South-bound Latitude: -11.170000 * West-bound Longitude: 43.120000 * North-bound Latitude: 8.850000 * East-bound Longitude: 84.460000
Date/Time Start: 1781-09-01T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1781-09-30T06:00:00
Event(s):
Monarca_17810901_NMM_ADM/L/M16B * Latitude Start: -10.950000 * Longitude Start: 44.330000 * Latitude End: 10.830000 * Longitude End: 80.000000 * Date/Time Start: 1781-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1781-09-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Monarca (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Johanna - Nagapatam, 1st Observer: J. Gell (Captain), 2nd Observer: Richard Jones (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 68G 1934BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 17 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 18 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 19 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 20 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 22 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 23 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
528 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 Clearness | 17 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 18 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 19 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 20 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 21 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 22 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 23 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1781-09-01T09:00 | -11.17 | 44.62 | 118 | 2.6 | N1E | 36.00 | -17 | SE | LIGHT AIRS, THEN LIGHT BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170090 | |||||
| 1781-09-02T09:00 | -10.57 | 43.88 | 186 | 2.6 | N39W | 49.00 | -17 | SE, SSW | LIGHT AIRS, THEN LIGHT BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170091 | |||||
| 1781-09-03T09:00 | -9.20 | 43.12 | 118 | 9.3 | N28W | 99.00 | -17 | S, SE | FIRST LIGHT BREEZES, MID SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | SHOWERS OF RAIN | CLEAR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170092 | ||||
| 1781-09-04T09:00 | -6.70 | 43.27 | 143 | 6.7 | N5E | 142.00 | -15 | S, SSE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES, MID FRESH BREEZES | FIRST CLEAR, MID AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170093 | |||||
| 1781-09-05T09:00 | -4.92 | 44.15 | 143 | 9.3 | N16E | 168.00 | -15 | SSW, SSE | FRESH BREEZES, 1AM FRESH GALES, ENDING FRESH BREEZES | HAZY THEN CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170094 | |||||
| 1781-09-06T09:00 | -1.42 | 45.95 | 362 | 6.7 | N40E | 170.00 | -13 | SEBS, VARIABLE | FRESH BREEZES, 12PM WITH SQUALLS, ENDING MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY THEN CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170095 | |||||
| 1781-09-07T09:00 | 0.02 | 47.83 | 180 | 2.6 | N53E | 122.00 | -11 | SBE, SBW | MODERATE BREEZES, MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | SMALL RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER HAZY, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170096 | ||||
| 1781-09-08T09:00 | 1.65 | 50.03 | 158 | 6.7 | N55E | 154.00 | -11 | WSW, SBE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170097 | |||||
| 1781-09-09T09:00 | 2.95 | 52.42 | 362 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S28W | 343 | N64E | 165.00 | -10 | S, VARIABLE | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170098 | ||
| 1781-09-10T08:00 | 3.77 | 54.53 | 240 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S32:25W | 378 | N69E | 136.00 | -8 | SWBW, WSW | FIRST AND MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY AND HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170099 | ||
| 1781-09-11T08:00 | 5.17 | 56.25 | 240 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S34:07W | 422 | N48E | 158.00 | -8 | WSW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170100 | ||
| 1781-09-12T08:00 | 6.62 | 57.80 | 242 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S35:30W | 461 | N50E | 121.00 | -6 | WSW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170101 | ||
| 1781-09-13T08:00 | 7.17 | 59.80 | 362 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S38:54W | 492 | N74E | 124.00 | -6 | WSW, VARIABLE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170102 | ||
| 1781-09-14T08:00 | 7.78 | 61.97 | 288 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S41:22W | 351 | N74E | 135.00 | -5 | SW, WNW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170103 | ||
| 1781-09-15T08:00 | 8.05 | 63.82 | 245 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S43:12W | 555 | N82E | 112.00 | -3 | WBN, WSW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170104 | ||
| 1781-09-16T08:00 | 8.28 | 65.08 | 312 | 6.7 | KELEY | S89E | 144 | N79E | 76.00 | -3 | WBS, NW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170105 | ||
| 1781-09-17T08:00 | 8.32 | 65.83 | 362 | 1.0 | KELEY | S89:24E | 128 | N88E | 45.00 | -3 | NW, N, VARIABLE | FIRST LIGHT BREEZES, MID LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170106 | ||
| 1781-09-18T08:00 | 8.55 | 67.08 | 256 | 2.6 | KELEY | S86:49E | 104 | N79E | 75.00 | -3 | NW, WBS | LIGHT BREEZES | CLEAR, THEN CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170107 | ||
| 1781-09-19T07:00 | 8.73 | 68.33 | 362 | 2.6 | KELEY | S82:41E | 82 | N77E | 71.00 | -2 | NW, VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170108 | ||
| 1781-09-20T07:00 | 8.63 | 69.27 | 268 | 1.0 | KELEY | S82:08E | 60 | N84E | 62.00 | -2 | NW, W | LIGHT BREEZES, THEN LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170109 | ||
| 1781-09-21T07:00 | 8.73 | 70.82 | 189 | 6.7 | KELEY | S71E | 31 | N86E | 93.00 | -2 | W, WSW, SBW | FIRST FRESH BREEZES, MID AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FIRST AND MID CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170110 | ||
| 1781-09-22T07:00 | 8.78 | 72.68 | 248 | N88E | 112.00 | 0 | SW, WSW | FIRST MODERATE BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170111 | ||||||
| 1781-09-23T07:00 | 8.85 | 74.10 | 349 | 9.3 | N87E | 85.00 | 0 | S, WSW, NBW | FIRST AND MID LIGHT BREEZES, LATTERFREESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | FIRST CLEAR, MID CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170112 | |||||
| 1781-09-24T07:00 | 8.80 | 75.70 | 315 | 6.7 | AGENGA | S49:15E | 12 | S88E | 96.00 | 0 | N, NW | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170113 | ||
| 1781-09-25T07:00 | 7.70 | 77.05 | 315 | 9.3 | S49E | 106.00 | 0 | NW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170114 | ||||||
| 1781-09-26T07:00 | 6.28 | 82.11 | 294 | 9.3 | POINT DE GALL | S77:46E | 17 | S55E | 145.00 | 1 | WBS, WNW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170115 | |||
| 1781-09-27T06:00 | 6.00 | 84.46 | 271 | 9.3 | CAPE DE GALL | N86:10W | 30 | N83E | 141.00 | 1 | SWBW, W | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170116 | ||
| 1781-09-28T06:00 | 7.33 | 83.46 | 316 | 1.0 | N17W | 85.00 | 1 | WSW, NW | FIRST AND MID FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | FIRST AND LATTER CLEAR, MID CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170117 | |||||
| 1781-09-29T06:00 | 7.72 | 83.83 | 271 | 2.6 | N31W | 27.00 | 1 | WNW, NWBN, W | LIGHT BREEZES, THEN LIGHT WINDS | LIGHTNING | CLEAR THEN HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 170118 | ||||
| 1781-09-30T06:00 | 7.97 | 83.21 | 294 | 1.0 | N32W | 32.00 | 1 | S, ESE, WSW, WNW | LIGHT BREEZES, THEN LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALM | CLOUDY THEN CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 170119 |