Not logged in
PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERWEDE cruise from Batavia to Paramaribo started at 1853-07-02 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750788, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth

Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -18.256000 * Median Longitude: 21.434211 * South-bound Latitude: -35.920000 * West-bound Longitude: -55.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 6.170000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.930000
Date/Time Start: 1853-07-02T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-10-18T16:00:00
Event(s):
Merwede_18530702_M_REIS_27_P66-77 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 5.950000 * Longitude End: -55.190000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-07-02T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-10-18T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Merwede, Voyage: Batavia - Paramaribo, 1st Observer: M.C. Van Vreeland (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
14 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
15 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
16 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
17 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
18 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
19 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
20 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
21 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
22 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
23 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
24 Present weatherwwWeather description
25 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
26 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
27 Cloud typeCloud type
28 ClearnessClearness
29 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
30 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
31 FogFog1 If fog was reported
32 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
33 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
34 HailHail1 If hail was reported
35 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
36 CommentComment
37 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2157 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
14 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
15 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
16 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
17 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
18 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
19 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
20 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
21 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
22 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
23 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
24 
ww
(Weather description)
25 
Precip descr
26 
State sea descr
27 
Cloud type
28 
Clearness
29 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
30 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
31 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
32 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
33 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
34 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
35 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
36 
Comment
37 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-07-02T00:002256.71VM84ZW4V04, V00H000000000168726
1853-07-03T00:002034.61VM83ZZW3V040000000168727
1853-07-04T00:003622.6MENSENETERS EILANDZWTZ01VM82RONDLOPEND2V000000000168728
1853-07-05T00:001582.6P BABI, OOSTHOEKNO 1/4 NP BABI, WESTHOEKNTW 1/2 W1VM82ZZO2V00H000000000168729
1853-07-06T00:001589.3TOPPERSHOEDJEWZW 3/4BRABANDSHOEDJEZWTZ1VM85ZZO5V00H000000000168730
1853-07-07T05:00-6.57104.931599.3VM815ZZO5W00, W30 NWV011000100168731
1853-07-08T05:00-7.45102.571476.7VM814ZOTZ4V01, V00H000000000168732
1853-07-09T05:00-8.67100.401469.3VM805ZOTZ5W20V10, V00H000100000168733
1853-07-10T05:00-9.6799.571246.7VM804ZOTO4V010000000168734
1853-07-11T06:00-10.4096.821794.6VM8-13Z3W00V041000000168735
1853-07-12T06:00-10.8395.571689.31014.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1580.00761.00ZTOS00 ZW5V04H000000000168736
1853-07-13T06:00-11.2593.751574.61014.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1380.00761.00ZZO3V04H000000000168737
1853-07-14T06:00-11.8292.221346.7VM8-14ZO4V040000000168738
1853-07-15T06:00-13.1290.6513212.31014.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-3680.00761.00ZO6V040000000168739
1853-07-16T06:00-14.4288.121439.31016.026.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-3580.00762.00ZOTZ5V01, V000000000168740
1853-07-17T06:00-15.2885.431329.31020.023.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-3575.00765.00ZO5V01H000000000168741
1853-07-18T06:00-16.9583.121329.31022.722.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-3573.00767.00ZO5V00, V04, V100000000168742
1853-07-19T07:00-17.5580.7712912.31018.723.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6674.00764.00ZO6V01H000000000168743
1853-07-20T07:00-18.7078.721186.71022.724.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6476.00767.00ZOTO4V010000000168744
1853-07-21T07:00-19.7576.371281018.723.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-774.00764.00ZOW00W201100000168745
1853-07-22T07:00-20.6574.25839.31017.321.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-7571.00763.00O5W00Z00V041000000168746
1853-07-23T07:00-21.8272.021279.31025.323.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-8575.00769.00ZO5W20V100100000168747
1853-07-24T07:00-22.3069.301279.31025.322.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-8572.00769.00ZO5W00W201100000168748
1853-07-25T08:00-22.9266.571239.31028.021.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-12571.00771.00ZO5V01H000000000168749
1853-07-26T08:00-24.0763.93896.7VM8-124OTZ4V04, V000000000168750
1853-07-27T08:00-24.3261.83326.71025.322.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-13473.00769.00NO4V000000000168751
1853-07-28T08:00-24.8359.773369.31028.021.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-13571.00771.00NTW5V000000000168752
1853-07-29T08:00-25.7557.551784.61024.021.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-13370.00768.00ZTW3H000000000168753
1853-07-30T08:00-25.9056.451206.71028.020.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15469.00771.00ZOS00 ZW4V00H000000000168754
1853-07-31T08:00-26.5254.751209.3VM8-155ZO5V010000000168755
1853-08-01T09:00-27.3552.32519.31029.321.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17570.00772.00ONO5V05H000000000168756
1853-08-02T09:00-27.9749.62476.71028.021.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21470.00771.00ONO4W00V011000000168757
1853-08-03T09:00-28.4047.333621.01024.021.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23170.00768.00VARIABEL1V01H000000000168758
1853-08-04T09:00-28.5046.802472.61024.021.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23270.00768.00W2V00H000000000168759
1853-08-05T09:00-28.4746.23906.71021.320.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23469.00766.00OZO4W20V010100000168760
1853-08-06T09:00-28.4244.404512.31024.021.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23670.00768.00ONO6Z00 OV01H000000000168761
1853-08-07T09:00-29.5341.8035912.31025.320.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24669.00769.00NNO6W00V01H001000000168762
1853-08-08T09:00-30.4739.0320115.41014.721.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24771.00761.00ZW7W20Z01V100100000168763
1853-08-09T09:00-30.6738.103620.01024.020.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2468.00768.00KOMP. RONDSTILV00H000000000168764
1853-08-10T09:00-30.2037.803026.71028.020.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2468.00771.00NWTN3-4V000000000168765
1853-08-11T09:00-29.8737.7329112.31025.320.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24669.00769.00NW6V00H010000000168766
1853-08-12T10:00-30.9735.683129.31018.722.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-26572.00764.00NNW5V00, V04, V010000000168767
1853-08-13T10:00-31.7334.3021012.31017.321.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2671.00763.00ZWTW4-6V01H000000000168768
1853-08-14T10:00-32.1032.4815312.31017.321.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-27670.00763.00Z6V01H000000000168769
1853-08-15T10:00-31.5331.221082.61029.321.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-27270.00772.00ZO2V00H000000000168770
1853-08-16T10:00-31.8730.3735612.31037.321.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-27670.00778.00NNO6Z01 NNOH000000000168771
1853-08-17T10:00-33.1228.5717422.61021.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29967.00766.00ZZW9W02W20Z01V061100000a trivial correction was made in this observation168772
1853-08-18T10:00-34.4028.1015115.41024.020.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29768.00768.00ZS00 ZW7V03, V010000000168773
1853-08-19T10:00-34.4028.251746.71024.015.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29460.00768.00ZZW4W20V060100000168774
1853-08-20T10:00-34.8526.736012.31025.317.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30663.00769.00O6Z01V04, V00, V010000000168775
1853-08-21T10:00-34.7223.403304.61025.317.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30363.00769.00N3V00H000000000168776
1853-08-22T11:00-35.1521.9724022.61010.7VM8-309758.00VARIABEL-W9STORMACHTIG WEER, W020000000168777
1853-08-23T11:00-35.4721.9526322.61013.317.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30963.00760.00WNW9W02V00, V05, V011000000168778
1853-08-24T11:00-35.9222.3324022.61021.317.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30963.00766.00W9W00W20Z02V051100000168779
1853-08-25T10:00-35.3522.983622.61020.016.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30262.00765.00VARIABEL2V04H000000000168780
1853-08-26T11:00-35.8021.8310512.31024.017.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-3064.00768.00ZO5-6W20Z01V060100000168781
1853-08-27T11:00-35.3520.157115.41026.716.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30762.00770.00OTZ7V00H000000000168782
1853-08-28T11:00-34.5018.431056.71033.316.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30462.00775.00ZO4V000000000168783
1853-08-29T11:00-33.2515.781749.31025.316.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29562.00769.00ZZW5W11V03H000010000168784
1853-08-30T11:00-31.6013.631522.61016.017.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-28264.00762.00Z2V04H000000000168785
1853-08-31T11:00-30.1212.053624.61024.016.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-28362.00768.00VARIABELS00 ZW3W00V001000000168786
1853-09-01T11:00-28.9710.981524.61024.017.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-28364.00768.00Z3V10H000000000168787
1853-09-02T11:00-27.739.4714112.31024.017.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-28663.00768.00ZTOS00 ZW6V04, V00H000000000168788
1853-09-03T11:00-26.057.5810812.31026.717.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-27663.00770.00ZO6V10H000000000168789
1853-09-04T12:00-24.255.4210912.31026.717.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-26663.00770.00ZO6W00V04, V101000000168790
1853-09-05T12:00-22.673.701099.31026.717.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-26563.00770.00ZO5W20Z01V100100000168791
1853-09-06T12:00-21.221.121109.31025.317.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-25564.00769.00ZO5V05, V030000000168792
1853-09-07T12:00-19.55-1.081334.6VM8-253ZZO3V040000000168793
1853-09-08T12:00-18.52-2.15886.7VM8-254OZO4V00H000000000168794
1853-09-09T12:00-17.05-3.27909.31025.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23568.00769.00OZO5W00V05, V041000000168795
1853-09-10T00:00-15.971VM80000000168796
1853-09-18T00:001351VM8ZOH000000000168797
1853-09-19T12:00-15.77-5.67101VM8-23ZOTOV05, V01H000000000168798
1853-09-20T13:00-14.87-8.156912.31022.718.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21666.00767.00O6V04H000000000168799
1853-09-21T13:00-13.83-10.62699.31021.321.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21571.00766.00O5V04, V00H000000000168800
1853-09-22T13:00-12.83-11.87479.31021.322.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21572.00766.00ONO5V04H000000000168801
1853-09-23T13:00-12.00-14.8346.71021.322.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-19472.00766.00NNO4V00, V040000000168802
1853-09-24T13:00-11.30-15.5341.01018.723.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-19175.00764.00NNO1V040000000168803
1853-09-25T13:00-11.02-18.02734.61020.023.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17375.00765.00O3V04, V00H000000000168804
1853-09-26T13:00-10.42-19.30516.7VM8-174ONO4V01H000000000168805
1853-09-27T13:00-9.68-21.07736.7VM8-174O4V040000000168806
1853-09-28T14:00-8.85-22.751214.61020.024.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-14376.00765.00ZO3V04, V000000000168807
1853-09-29T14:00-8.10-24.25996.7VM8-144OZO4V05H000000000168808
1853-09-30T14:00-7.27-26.07756.7VM8-154O4V04, V00H000000000168809
1853-10-01T14:00-6.33-27.981016.7VM8-124OZO4V000000000168810
1853-10-02T14:00-5.33-29.77789.3VM8-125O5V04, V000000000168811
1853-10-03T14:00-4.03-31.97569.31018.725.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-12578.00764.00ONO5V000000000168812
1853-10-04T14:00-2.33-33.98819.3VM8-95O5V000000000168813
1853-10-05T14:00-1.20-36.031156.71018.726.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-9479.00764.00ZOTO4V000000000168814
1853-10-06T15:00-0.13-37.671189.31018.726.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6579.00764.00ZOTO5V010000000168815
1853-10-07T15:001.13-39.781189.31017.326.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6579.00763.00ZOTO5H000000000168816
1853-10-08T15:002.43-42.17842.61017.326.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6279.00763.00O2V000000000168817
1853-10-09T15:003.23-43.951312.61017.326.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4279.00763.00ZO2V00H000000000168818
1853-10-10T15:003.50-45.031311.01017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4180.00763.00ZO1V010000000168819
1853-10-11T15:003.47-45.773621.01018.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4180.00764.00VARIABEL1V01, V00H000000000168820
1853-10-12T15:003.77-46.521094.61017.327.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4381.00763.00OZO3W00W201100000168821
1853-10-13T15:004.07-47.951124.6VM8-13OZO3V00, V040000000168822
1853-10-14T15:004.97-49.98894.61016.027.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1382.00762.00O3V00H000000000168823
1853-10-15T15:006.17-52.071122.6VM8-12OZO2V000000000168824
1853-10-16T16:005.85-53.63924.61017.327.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM2382.00763.00O3V000000000168825
1853-10-17T16:006.12-54.78VM820000000168826
1853-10-18T16:005.83-55.151VM820000000168827