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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERWEDE cruise from Rio de Janeiro to Batavia started at 1852-11-29 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750787, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -31.737792 * Median Longitude: 42.818571 * South-bound Latitude: -39.700000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.220000 * North-bound Latitude: -6.870000 * East-bound Longitude: 103.400000
Date/Time Start: 1852-11-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-02-16T00:00:00
Event(s):
Merwede_18521129_M_REIS_27_P66-77 * Latitude Start: -23.370000 * Longitude Start: -43.120000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-11-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-02-16T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Merwede, Voyage: Rio De Janeiro - Batavia, 1st Observer: M.C. Van Vreeland (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
11 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
12 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
13 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
14 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
15 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
16 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
17 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
18 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
19 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
20 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
21 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
22 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
23 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
24 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
25 Present weatherwwWeather description
26 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
27 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
28 Cloud typeCloud type
29 ClearnessClearness
30 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
31 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
32 FogFog1 If fog was reported
33 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
34 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
35 HailHail1 If hail was reported
36 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
37 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1787 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
11 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
12 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
13 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
14 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
15 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
16 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
17 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
18 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
19 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
20 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
21 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
22 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
23 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
24 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
25 
ww
(Weather description)
26 
Precip descr
27 
State sea descr
28 
Cloud type
29 
Clearness
30 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
31 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
32 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
33 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
34 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
35 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
36 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
37 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1852-11-29T00:00569.31VM85NOTO5V00, V040000000168646
1852-11-30T15:00-24.92-42.22439.31029.325.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2577.00772.00NO5V00, V040000000168647
1852-12-01T15:00-26.42-40.75214.61017.325.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2377.00763.00NNO3V01, V040000000168648
1852-12-02T15:00-27.73-39.10341.01020.023.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM075.00765.00NOTN2-1V04, V01H000000000168649
1852-12-03T15:00-28.62-38.323262.61022.025.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM0277.00766.50NWTN2V00, V040000000168650
1852-12-04T14:00-29.65-37.45414.61021.324.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4376.00766.00NO3W20V050100000168651
1852-12-05T14:00-30.50-36.63646.71021.322.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4473.00766.00ONO4V01H000000000168652
1852-12-06T14:00-32.08-35.45419.31017.323.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4574.00763.00NO5W10V030010000168653
1852-12-07T14:00-33.73-33.97219.31024.021.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2570.00768.00NNO5V01H000000000168654
1852-12-08T14:00-35.07-31.5332015.41022.021.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6771.00766.50NWTN7W10V060010000168655
1852-12-09T14:00-36.15-27.971076.71009.322.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6472.00757.00OZOS00 Z4V06H000000000168656
1852-12-10T14:00-35.78-25.82362.61016.018.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-9266.00762.00NOSTILW10V060010000168657
1852-12-11T14:00-36.03-25.5829512.31010.718.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-9666.00758.00NWTW6W00W20Z00V061100000168658
1852-12-12T14:00-36.87-22.5521612.31005.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-9668.00754.00ZW6V03, V00, V010000000168659
1852-12-13T13:00-37.20-18.953621012.017.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1364.00759.00VARIABELS01 ZTWV000000000168660
1852-12-14T13:00-37.23-16.873449.31020.017.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-16563.00765.00N5V01, V000000000168661
1852-12-15T13:00-37.67-14.60209.31021.318.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-14565.00766.00NOTNS00 ZW5W11H110010000168662
1852-12-16T13:00-38.30-11.973219.31013.318.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17565.00760.00NNW5H11, H000000000168663
1852-12-17T13:00-38.07-8.902536.71013.318.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17465.00760.00W4V00, V040000000168664
1852-12-18T12:00-38.63-6.4836.71020.018.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-20465.00765.00NNO4V05, V010000000168665
1852-12-19T12:00-38.87-4.4329515.41016.716.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-20762.00762.50NW7V030000000168666
1852-12-20T12:00-38.68-1.183629.31010.717.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23563.00758.00VARIABEL5W00V01H001000000168667
1852-12-21T12:00-38.231.872472.61024.016.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2361.00768.00W3-2V04H000000000168668
1852-12-22T12:00-38.074.0333522.61029.116.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2561.00771.80N6-9W00W20V061100000168669
1852-12-23T12:00-38.786.501899.31014.716.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2561.00761.00ZWTZ6-5V03, V00, V04H000000000168670
1852-12-24T11:00-38.6310.272436.71021.316.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-27461.00766.00W4V00, V010000000168671
1852-12-25T11:00-38.5012.822869.31024.015.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29560.00768.00VARIABEL-NW5V01H000000000168672
1852-12-26T11:00-38.3316.5224112.31012.017.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29663.00759.00W6V010000000168673
1852-12-27T11:00-38.7819.4836212.31013.317.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30664.00760.00VARIABEL6V01, V10H000000000168674
1852-12-28T10:00-38.8023.383629.31013.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-31567.00760.00Z-VARIABEL5V00, V010000000168675
1852-12-29T10:00-38.4726.731274.61018.717.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-31364.00764.00ZZO3V04, V000000000168676
1852-12-30T10:00-38.2328.833409.31024.019.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-31567.00768.00NTO5V00, V010000000168677
1852-12-31T10:00-39.3030.833529.31021.317.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-31564.00766.00NNO5V05, V010000000168678
1853-01-01T10:00-39.2333.2019412.31017.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-31668.00763.00ZW6W00V04H001000000168679
1853-01-02T10:00-39.7036.022394.61021.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-31368.00766.00W3V01H000000000168680
1853-01-03T09:00-39.0738.63152.61021.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30267.00766.00NO2V040000000168681
1853-01-04T09:00-38.8340.333536.71022.719.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30467.00767.00NNO4V000000000168682
1853-01-05T09:00-39.5742.122296.71013.320.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-30469.00760.00WTZ4V03, V060000000168683
1853-01-06T09:00-39.6344.5221915.41006.719.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-29767.00755.00WZW7V01H000000000168684
1853-01-07T09:00-39.2548.353324.61013.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-28367.00760.00N3V000000000168685
1853-01-08T09:00-38.8850.8031012.31017.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-28667.00763.00NNW6V00, V050000000168686
1853-01-09T08:00-39.2754.623229.31024.019.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-27567.00768.00NTW5V00H000000000168687
1853-01-10T08:00-39.3058.503459.31026.720.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-26569.00770.00NTO5V04H000000000168688
1853-01-11T08:00-39.3361.8033412.31024.019.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-26667.00768.00N6V05, V03H000000000168689
1853-01-12T08:00-39.4865.5733512.31022.719.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-25667.00767.00N6W00V01, V00H001000000168690
1853-01-13T07:00-39.5069.703369.31022.719.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24567.00767.00N5H10, H000000000168691
1853-01-14T07:00-39.1873.7733712.31025.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23667.00769.00N6V06, V030000000168692
1853-01-15T07:00-39.2077.203269.31024.017.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-23564.00768.00NTW5V04H000000000168693
1853-01-16T07:00-39.0081.022142.61024.017.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22264.00768.00Z-ZWTW2V00H000000000168694
1853-01-17T06:00-38.3082.703059.31026.718.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21565.00770.00NWTN5V000000000168695
1853-01-18T06:00-37.4884.471879.31022.718.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-16566.00767.00ZZW5V01, V03, V000000000168696
1853-01-19T06:00-36.3387.372549.31022.717.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-16564.00767.00W5V01, V050000000168697
1853-01-20T06:00-34.9789.521202.61021.317.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15264.00766.00ZO2V04H000000000168698
1853-01-21T06:00-33.8890.751201.01025.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15168.00769.00ZO1V04H000000000168699
1853-01-22T06:00-33.1891.181201.01029.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15168.00772.00ZO1V00H000000000168700
1853-01-23T06:00-32.7891.403621.01029.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15168.00772.00VARIABEL1V04, V050000000168701
1853-01-24T06:00-31.8291.78906.71028.020.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-11469.00771.00OTZ4V01H000000000168702
1853-01-25T06:00-30.4792.25576.71026.721.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-11470.00770.00ONO4V01H000000000168703
1853-01-26T06:00-28.8292.67351.01021.321.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-10171.00766.00NOSTILV010000000168704
1853-01-27T06:00-28.6392.771934.61020.022.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-10372.00765.00ZZWS01 NO3V010000000168705
1853-01-28T06:00-28.0793.551036.71020.021.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-10471.00765.00OZO4V010000000168706
1853-01-29T06:00-26.1394.98946.71024.022.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-7472.00768.00OTZ4V010000000168707
1853-01-30T06:00-24.5896.021064.61024.022.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-7373.00768.00OZO3V010000000168708
1853-01-31T06:00-23.0096.52612.61021.323.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-7275.00766.00ONO2V050000000168709
1853-02-01T06:00-21.8896.68414.61021.323.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4375.00766.00NO3W20V100100000168710
1853-02-02T06:00-20.1396.92649.31020.025.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4578.00765.00ONO5V00, V010000000168711
1853-02-03T06:00-18.7296.48196.71017.325.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4478.00763.00NNO4V010000000168712
1853-02-04T06:00-18.3796.973621.01014.726.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4179.00761.00ZW-RONDLOPEND1W20V06, V030100000168713
1853-02-05T05:00-18.2797.881764.61016.026.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-4379.00762.00Z3W30H000000100168714
1853-02-06T05:00-17.2898.753622.61016.026.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-280.00762.00ZO-RONDLOPEND3-2W20V060100000168715
1853-02-07T05:00-16.3299.42999.31014.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2580.00761.00OTZ5V010000000168716
1853-02-08T05:00-14.43100.151229.31016.027.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2582.00762.00ZOTO5W21V050100000168717
1853-02-09T05:00-12.13100.323601013.327.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM082.00760.00NW20V06, V030100000168718
1853-02-10T05:00-10.68100.63231.01012.027.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM0182.00759.00NNO1V00, V040000000168719
1853-02-11T05:00-10.73100.7331512.31012.029.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM0685.00759.00NWS01 O6W001000000168720
1853-02-12T05:00-10.05101.633049.31009.327.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM0582.00757.00NWTW5W00W20V061100000168721
1853-02-13T05:00-8.77102.452939.31012.026.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM0580.00759.00WNW5V05, V010000000168722
1853-02-14T05:00-6.87103.403166.71013.328.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM1483.00760.00NW4W00W20V06, V041100000168723
1853-02-15T00:002939.3SEBESINWTWDWARS IN DE WEGNTO 1/4 O4E PUNT VAN JAVANO 1/4 O1VM85WNW5W00V05, V04H001000000168724
1853-02-16T00:001VM80000000168725