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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERWEDE cruise from Hellevoetsluis to Rio de Janeiro started at 1852-08-17 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750786, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 19.706889 * Median Longitude: -18.834111 * South-bound Latitude: -22.980000 * West-bound Longitude: -43.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.600000 * East-bound Longitude: 2.300000
Date/Time Start: 1852-08-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-11-16T15:00:00
Event(s):
Merwede_18520817_M_REIS_27_P66-77 * Latitude Start: 51.940000 * Longitude Start: 3.720000 * Latitude End: -23.370000 * Longitude End: -43.120000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-08-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-11-16T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Merwede, Voyage: Hellevoetsluis - Rio De Janeiro, 1st Observer: M.C. Van Vreeland (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
11 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
12 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
19 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20 Present weatherwwWeather description
21 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22 Cloud typeCloud type
23 ClearnessClearness
24 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
25 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
26 FogFog1 If fog was reported
27 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
28 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
29 HailHail1 If hail was reported
30 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2044 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
11 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
12 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
19 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
20 
ww
(Weather description)
21 
Precip descr
22 
Cloud type
23 
Clearness
24 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
25 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
26 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
27 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
28 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
29 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
30 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
31 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1852-08-17T00:002361VM8ZWTWV05, V00H000000000168554
1852-08-18T12:0051.602.302262.61013.919.41VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22267.00760.40WZW2V000000000168555
1852-08-19T12:0051.552.133161014.020.61VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2269.00760.50NNWW20V060100000168556
1852-08-20T12:0050.750.6314.61017.319.41VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22367.00763.00NW-NNO3V06, V030000000168557
1852-08-21T12:0050.13-0.923389.31024.718.91VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22566.00768.50N5V040000000168558
1852-08-22T12:0051.32-3.08321.01024.718.91VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24166.00768.50NOTO1V000000000168559
1852-08-23T12:0051.40-4.403621.01029.718.91VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24166.00772.30WZW-VARIABEL1V00H000000000168560
1852-08-24T12:0049.27-5.222124.61029.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24367.00772.00ZWTW3V040000000168561
1852-08-25T12:0049.33-5.603591.01026.118.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24166.00769.60NW-NNOSTILV000000000168562
1852-08-26T12:0049.25-5.572911.01024.018.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24166.00768.00NO-NW1W20V060100000168563
1852-08-27T12:0048.40-6.403621.01025.119.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24167.00768.80VARIABELS00 ZO1V00, V100000000168564
1852-08-28T12:0048.33-6.882019.31022.719.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24567.00767.00ZW5W00W20V04, V061100000168565
1852-08-29T13:0047.95-7.622559.31019.517.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-26564.00764.60WTN5W20V01, V10H000100000168566
1852-08-30T13:0046.60-7.702691.01025.318.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24165.00769.00WNW1V01H000000000168567
1852-08-31T13:0045.70-8.021112.61024.018.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24266.00768.00ZO2V00, V010000000168568
1852-09-01T13:0045.57-8.431792.61025.320.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24268.00769.00ZZW2V00H000000000168569
1852-09-02T13:0045.17-9.522246.71022.421.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24470.00766.80WZWS01 W4W20V06, V030100000168570
1852-09-03T13:0045.60-10.733360.01018.720.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2468.00764.00NSTILV00H000000000168571
1852-09-04T13:0045.45-11.05891.01020.719.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24167.00765.50OZO1V00H000000000168572
1852-09-05T13:0044.82-11.533594.61021.319.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24367.00766.00NNO3V00, V01H000000000168573
1852-09-06T13:0043.43-12.303596.71024.020.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24468.00768.00NNO4V01H000000000168574
1852-09-07T13:0041.82-13.323594.61024.020.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24369.00768.00NNO3V040000000168575
1852-09-08T13:0039.97-14.132691.01025.320.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24169.00769.00WNW1V040000000168576
1852-09-09T13:0039.40-14.452916.71025.322.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2472.00769.00NW3-4V01H000000000168577
1852-09-10T13:0038.47-14.783596.71022.722.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-24472.00767.00NW-NNO4W00W20H001100000168578
1852-09-11T13:0036.65-15.521364.61022.722.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22372.00767.00ZZO3V010000000168579
1852-09-12T13:0035.88-16.131582.61022.722.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22272.00767.00Z2W20V100100000168580
1852-09-13T13:0035.62-16.501581.01018.723.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22174.00764.00Z1V040000000168581
1852-09-14T13:0035.48-16.871924.61017.324.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22376.00763.00ZWTZ3V00, V010000000168582
1852-09-15T13:0034.70-16.2819212.31020.024.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22676.00765.00ZWTZ6V010000000168583
1852-09-16T13:0034.25-15.831929.31020.024.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22576.00765.00ZWTZ5V00H010000000168584
1852-09-17T13:0033.23-14.4327112.31020.024.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22676.00765.00WNW6V010000000168585
1852-09-18T13:0033.23-15.3314.61024.024.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-22376.00768.00NNO3V00H010000000168586
1852-09-19T13:0032.12-15.531039.31024.723.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21575.00768.50ZOTO5V01H000000000168587
1852-09-20T13:0030.78-17.001379.31018.724.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21576.00764.00ZZO5W30 ZV01, V040000100168588
1852-09-21T13:0029.73-18.8013712.31016.024.4VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2176.00762.00ZZO5-6W00V031000000168589
1852-09-22T13:0029.20-19.731591.01018.723.9VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21175.00764.00Z1V000000000168590
1852-09-23T13:0028.95-19.622271.0VM8-211WZWS00 OSTILV00H000000000168591
1852-09-24T13:0028.60-19.30136.71020.025.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-21477.00765.00NOTN4V01H000000000168592
1852-09-25T13:0026.53-20.1039.31020.025.0VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-20577.00765.00NNO5V00, V010000000168593
1852-09-26T13:0024.42-21.3031021.325.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2078.00766.00NNOV010000000168594
1852-09-27T13:0022.47-22.42152.61021.325.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-19278.00766.00NOTN2V01H000000000168595
1852-09-28T14:0021.48-23.231064.61020.026.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18379.00765.00NO-ZOTO3V000000000168596
1852-09-29T14:0020.28-24.13954.61018.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18380.00764.00OZO3V010000000168597
1852-09-30T14:0019.27-24.871062.61019.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18280.00764.80ZOTO2V00H000000000168598
1852-10-01T14:0018.00-25.48956.71020.026.9ST ANTONIOVM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18480.50765.00OZO4W20V10, V010100000168599
1852-10-02T14:0017.20-26.02736.71021.327.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17482.00766.00O4V00, V010000000168600
1852-10-03T14:0015.97-26.23736.71022.028.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17482.50766.50O4V00H010000000168601
1852-10-04T14:0013.82-25.48281.01020.028.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17183.00765.00NO1H010000000168602
1852-10-05T14:0012.73-25.27399.31020.027.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17582.00765.00NOTO5H01, H000000000168603
1852-10-06T14:0010.88-24.423621.01020.028.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17183.00765.00VARIABEL1W00, W30W20V101100100168604
1852-10-07T14:0010.20-23.753622.61020.026.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17279.00765.00RONDLOPEND2W33, W00W20V031100100168605
1852-10-08T14:009.72-23.08282.61018.025.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17278.00763.50NO2W00V00, V001000000168606
1852-10-09T13:008.70-22.431171.01015.327.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18181.00761.50ZOSTILV000000000168607
1852-10-10T14:008.67-22.531412.61015.327.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17281.00761.50ZZO2W00W201100000168608
1852-10-11T13:008.97-21.373421.01018.027.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18181.00763.50N1V050000000168609
1852-10-12T13:008.50-20.850.01016.727.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1881.00762.50STILV000000000168610
1852-10-13T13:008.25-20.953620.01020.028.3VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1883.00765.00RONDLOPENDSTILW001000000168611
1852-10-14T13:008.15-20.931621018.727.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1881.00764.00ZW00V011000000168612
1852-10-15T13:007.93-20.732521.01018.727.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18181.00764.00W1W00W20V031100000168613
1852-10-16T13:007.77-20.4252.61018.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18280.00764.00NNO2V000000000168614
1852-10-17T13:006.85-20.333621.01017.327.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18182.00763.00VARIABEL1W20V06, V100100000168615
1852-10-18T13:006.28-20.121851.01020.026.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18179.00765.00ZZW1V05, V100000000168616
1852-10-19T13:005.73-19.281404.61018.727.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18382.00764.00ZZO3W20V05, V040100000168617
1852-10-20T13:005.73-19.233621.01020.027.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18181.00765.00Z-RONDLOPEND1W00V031000000168618
1852-10-21T13:005.67-19.381621.01020.027.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18181.00765.00Z1V000000000168619
1852-10-22T13:005.55-19.321626.71020.727.8VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18482.00765.50Z4W00W201100000168620
1852-10-23T13:005.18-19.322301.01018.727.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18181.00764.00WZW1V04, V000000000168621
1852-10-24T13:005.20-18.922300.01020.026.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-1880.00765.00WZWSTILW20V100100000168622
1852-10-25T13:004.88-18.331404.61019.325.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18378.00764.50ZZO3W00W201100000168623
1852-10-26T13:004.58-17.931622.61018.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18280.00764.00Z2W00W20V051100000168624
1852-10-27T13:004.28-18.331406.71016.026.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18479.00762.00ZZO4V10, V030000000168625
1852-10-28T13:004.33-18.551171.01017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18180.00763.00ZO1W20V01, V040100000168626
1852-10-29T13:004.20-18.671284.61016.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18380.00762.50ZOTZ3W20V01, V100100000168627
1852-10-30T13:003.18-19.201409.31017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-18580.00763.00ZZO5W00W20V011100000168628
1852-10-31T13:002.08-20.771299.31017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17580.00763.00ZOTZ5V01H000000000168629
1852-11-01T13:000.73-22.301299.31016.726.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-17580.00762.50ZOTZ5V04H000000000168630
1852-11-02T14:00-0.52-23.521209.31020.026.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15579.00765.00ZO5V04H000000000168631
1852-11-03T14:00-2.33-25.031099.31015.326.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15579.00761.50ZOTO5V01, V000000000168632
1852-11-04T14:00-4.33-27.08989.31016.027.2VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-15581.00762.00OZO5V01H000000000168633
1852-11-05T14:00-6.47-28.731129.31017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-12580.00763.00ZOTO5V010000000168634
1852-11-06T14:00-8.73-30.551139.31017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-11580.00763.00ZOTO5W00V001000000168635
1852-11-07T14:00-10.93-31.85799.31017.326.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-11580.00763.00O5V01, V030000000168636
1852-11-08T14:00-13.68-32.82836.71020.026.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-7480.00765.00O4W00V041000000168637
1852-11-09T14:00-15.67-33.67619.31020.026.7VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-7580.00765.00ONO5V000000000168638
1852-11-10T14:00-18.03-34.72506.71021.326.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6479.00766.00NOTO4V01H000000000168639
1852-11-11T14:00-19.75-36.05399.31022.726.1VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-6579.00767.00NO5V010000000168640
1852-11-12T15:00-21.55-37.723122.61020.725.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-3278.00765.50NW2W20V04, V010100000168641
1852-11-13T15:00-22.57-39.171339.31021.325.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-2578.00766.00ZOS00 Z5V040000000168642
1852-11-14T15:00-22.98-41.57661021.325.6VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM-278.00766.00ONO0000000168643
1852-11-15T00:001021.325.61VM8THERMOMETER READING AT 9.00 AM78.00766.000000000168644
1852-11-16T15:00-22.90-43.161VM820000000168645