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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERLIN cruise from Anna de Chaces to Spithead started at 1769-11-22 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750762, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 19.563333 * Median Longitude: -22.099630 * South-bound Latitude: -4.720000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.610000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.870000 * East-bound Longitude: 7.230000
Date/Time Start: 1769-11-22T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1770-02-11T12:00:00
Event(s):
Merlin_17691122_NMM_ADM/L/M289A * Latitude Start: -0.620000 * Longitude Start: 7.000000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1769-11-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1770-02-11T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Merlin (Sloop), Voyage: Anna De Chaces - Spithead, 1st Observer: John Hamilton (Captain), 2nd Observer: William Robinson (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 18G 304BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
10 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
11 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 ClearnessClearness
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 CommentComment
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1535 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
11 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
13 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
14 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
15 
ww
(Weather description)
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Clearness
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
Comment
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1769-11-22T12:00-0.627.002759.3SAO TOMEN23W23S24E69.00-18SW, WSW, WNWFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZESMIDDLE AND LATTER RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY WEATHER0100000168245
1769-11-23T12:00-1.037.232076.7SAO TOMEN25W31S33E27.00-18SWMODERATECLEAR WEATHER0000000168246
1769-11-24T12:00-1.326.832076.7SAO TOMEN9W35S58E29.00-18SSW, SWMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168247
1769-11-25T12:00-1.356.201966.7SAO TOMEN10E36S85W39.00-18SBW, SWBSMODERATESOME RAINCLOUDY0100000168248
1769-11-26T12:00-1.275.642079.3ANNA BONASSBE7-18SBW, SWFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000168249
1769-11-27T12:00-1.254.831851.0ANNA BONASS71E15N71W47.00AT 1AM TAKEN ABACK-18SW, S, SSWFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRSMIDDLE AND LATTER RAINFIRST PART CLEAR0100000168250
1769-11-28T12:00-1.354.19252ANNA BONASS84E30S80W36.00-18SWBS, N, WFIRST PART FRESH BREEZESFIRST PART CLEAR WEATHER0000000168251
1769-11-29T12:00-2.054.821966.7ANNA BONASN55E19S43E62.00-18W, SW, SWBSFIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART SMALL RAINMIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY0100000168252
1769-11-30T12:00-1.933.951856.7ANNA BONASN75E33N82W50.00-18SW, SSWMODERATE FOR THE MOST PARTCLOUDY WEATHER FOR THE MOST PART0000000168253
1769-12-01T12:00-2.033.081856.7ANNA BONAN77E50S83W50.00-18SBW, SSWMODERATE FOR THE MOST PARTCLOUDY WEATHER FOR THE MOST PART0000000168254
1769-12-02T12:00-2.272.282086.7ANNA BONAN83E64S81W46.00-17SSW, SWMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168255
1769-12-03T12:00-2.121.391636.7ANNA BONAN81E81S77W52.00-17SSW, SMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168256
1769-12-04T12:00-2.420.371976.7ANNA BONAN79E101S71W61.00-17S, SWBSMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168257
1769-12-05T12:00-2.83-0.852206.7ANNA BONAN77E126S71W74.00-16S, SBWMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168258
1769-12-06T12:00-3.33-2.211649.3ANNA BONAN76E153S69W86.00-16SBW, SFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168259
1769-12-07T12:00-4.08-3.532229.3ANNA BONAN73E184S51W89.00-14WSW, SWBWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR0000000168260
1769-12-08T12:00-4.52-5.471556.7ANNA BONAN73E214S80W116.00-14SBEMOST PART MODERATEMOST PART CLOUDY WEATHER0000000168261
1769-12-09T12:00-4.72-7.401559.3ANNA BONAN75E254S84W114.00-14SBEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168262
1769-12-10T13:00-4.70-9.541236.7ANNA BONAN77E295W124.00-12SEMODERATECLEAR WEATHER0000000168263
1769-12-11T13:00-4.43-11.86146ANNA BONAN79E340S85W136.00-12SSEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZESFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY0000000168264
1769-12-12T13:00-4.13-14.151259.3ANNA BONAN81E380S85W138.00-10SEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168265
1769-12-13T13:00-3.90-16.291596.7ANNA BONAN83E420N84W125.00-10SSE, SBEMODERATE BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168266
1769-12-14T13:00-3.68-18.461516.7ANNA BONAN84E468N84W128.00-7SSEMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168267
1769-12-15T13:00-3.17-20.431069.3ANNA BONAN86E505N74W119.00-7ESEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY0000000168268
1769-12-16T14:00-2.38-22.691089.3ANNA BONAN88E543N71W140.00-5ESEFRESH BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168269
1769-12-17T14:00-1.08-24.521306.7ANNA BONAS89E586N51W125.00-5ESE, SEMODERATECLEAR WEATHER0000000168270
1769-12-18T14:000.85-25.461419.3ANNA BONAS85E602N26W114.00-5SEBSFRESH BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168271
1769-12-19T14:002.40-26.6263ANNA BONAS82E630N40W120.00-5SEBE, ENEFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLYMIDDLE RAINCLEAR WEATHER0100000168272
1769-12-20T14:003.90-27.27626.7ANNA BONAS80E641N23W95.00-6ENEMODERATELIGHTNING FROM THE NORTHWARDCLOUDY WEATHER0000100168273
1769-12-21T14:005.18-27.971919.0ANNA BONAS78E657N26W81.00-4NBE, NNEFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000168274
1769-12-22T14:006.65-28.88309.3ANNA BONAS76E688N30W98.00-4NEBE, NEBN,FRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168275
1769-12-23T14:008.15-29.68519.3ANNA BONAS74E702N28W103.00-5NEBEFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168276
1769-12-24T14:009.62-30.955119.0ANNA BONAS72E731N38W116.00-5NEBEFRESH GALESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168277
1769-12-25T14:0011.30-31.948519.0ANNA BONAS70E762N28W115.00-5NEBE, EFRESH GALESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168278
1769-12-26T14:0013.43-33.08759.3ANNA BONAS67E790N28W134.00-4EBNFRESH BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168279
1769-12-27T14:0014.47-33.73752.6ANNA BONAS66E812N31W79.00-4EBNFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER PART LIGHT WINDFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY0000000168280
1769-12-28T14:0015.93-35.02196.7ANNA BONAS65E843N35W101.00-4ENE, NNEMODERATEINCLINABLE TO RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000168281
1769-12-29T14:0017.43-35.561096.7ANNA BONAS63E866N17W90.00-4EBN, ESEMODERATEINCLINABLE TO RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000168282
1769-12-30T14:0018.72-35.781086.7ANNA BONAS62E871N6W78.00-5ESEMODERATEINCLINABLE TO RAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000168283
1770-01-01T14:0020.83-36.121746.7ANNA BONAS59:55E891N6W53.00-6SE, SMODERATECLOUDY0000000168284
1770-01-02T14:0021.70-36.26362ANNA BONAS59E903N6W51.00-6S, VARIABLEMOST PART VARIABLERAIN0100000168285
1770-01-03T14:0022.27-35.56362ANNA BONAS58E907N49E53.00-6W, VARIABLEFIRST PART FRESH GALESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168286
1770-01-04T14:0022.38-35.283611.0ANNA BONAS57E900N45E25.00-6VARIABLE, CALMLIGHT AIRSA SWELL FROM THE SWCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168287
1770-01-05T14:0023.23-35.123621.0ANNA BONAS56E897N15E45.00-7VARIABLELIGHT AIRSCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168288
1770-01-06T14:0023.57-35.073611.0ANNA BONAS56E898N21E17.00-7WNW, CALMLIGHT AIRS WITH CALMSA HEAVY SWELL FROM THE NWCLEAR WEATHER0000000168289
1770-01-07T14:0023.78-35.46362ANNA BONAS56E906N48W23.00-7VARIABLELIGHT AIRS AND CALMS FOR THE FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS, LATTER SQUALLYLATTER RAIN0100000168290
1770-01-08T14:0023.92-35.73106ANNA BONAS55E912N50W13.00-7WNW, SSW, ESEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRSLIGHTNING FROM THE SWFIRST AND MIDDLE SOME RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY0100100168291
1770-01-09T14:0024.97-36.6561ANNA BONAS55E936N38W79.00-7NNE, ENEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER PART SQUALLYLATTER RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY0100000168292
1770-01-10T15:0025.28-38.043559.3ANNA BONAS55E960N75W77.00-5NEBN, NFRESH BREEZESRAINA GREAT SWELL FROM THE NORTHWARD0100000168293
1770-01-11T15:0025.07-39.483336.7ANNA BONAS57E979S79W82.00-5NBW, NNWMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168294
1770-01-12T15:0025.18-40.58406.7ANNA BONAS57E997N81W52.00-5NNW, NEMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000168295
1770-01-13T15:0026.72-41.55632.6ANNA BONAS57E1016N52W60.00-5NNE, ENELIGHT BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168296
1770-01-14T15:0026.23-42.6176.7ANNA BONAS57E1037N59W61.00-4EBN, NBEFIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZESMIDDLE LIGHTNINGMIDDLE RAINFIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY WEATHER0100100168297
1770-01-15T15:0026.63-41.633446.7ANNA BONAS56E1030N66E65.00-5NWBN, NBWMODERATEA SWELL FROM THE NORTHWARDCLEAR WEATHER0000000168298
1770-01-16T15:0027.83-41.522416.7ANNA BONAS55E1033N6E77.00-7NWBN, WSWFIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE PART SQUALLYMIDDLE PART RAINFIRST AND LATTER CLEAR WEATHER0100000168299
1770-01-17T15:0029.30-41.3918419.0ANNA BONAS52E1042N6E92.00-7SW, SBWFRESH GALESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168300
1770-01-18T15:0031.27-41.081969.3ANNA BONAS51E1059N8E120.00-7SSWFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168301
1770-01-19T15:0033.38-41.011819.3ANNA BONAS49E1079N4E128.00-10SBWFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168302
1770-01-20T15:0034.92-40.972156.7ANNA BONAS48E1091N4E94.00-10SBW, SWFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATELATTER SOME RAINFIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY0100000168303
1770-01-21T15:0037.37-40.6926019.0ANNA BONAS45E1113N6E150.00-10SWBW, WFIRST AND MIDDLE PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALESLATTER RAINA GREAT SWELL FROM THE NORTHWARDFIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY0100000168304
1770-01-22T15:0038.83-40.332576.7ANNA BONAS44E1125N12E93.00-13SSW, WFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATELATER RAINLATTER HAZY0100000168305
1770-01-23T15:0040.95-38.82212ANNA BONAS41E1131N36E152.00-13W, SWFRESH GALES, AT 9AM CAME ON A HEAVY SQUALLRAINCLOUDY WEATHER0100000168306
1770-01-24T15:0041.20-37.87661.0ANNA BONAS40E1124N69E50.00-13NW, EBNFIRST AND MIDDLE PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER LIGHT AIRS0000000168307
1770-01-25T14:0041.98-35.5723419.0ANNA BONAS38E1108N65E120.00-14WSWFIRST PART LIGHT AIRS AND CALM, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY0000000168308
1770-01-26T14:0042.93-33.2116ANNA BONAS34E1077N63E132.00-18WSW, NEBNFIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER SQUALLYMIDDLE AND LATTER RAINFIRST PART CLEAR WEATHER0100000168309
1770-01-27T14:0044.10-31.109522.6LIZARDN66E292N53E118.00-18NEBE, ESEFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLYFIRST PART RAIN0100000168310
1770-01-28T14:0044.47-28.1214022.6LIZARDN72E234N40E198.00-18S, SSESTRONG GALES AND SQUALLYRAINA GREAT SEA FROM THE SW0100000a trivial correction was made in this observation168311
1770-01-29T14:0045.18-27.093621.0LIZARDN74E218N46E63.00-19SW, VARIABLEFIRST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY WEATHER, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSA GREAT SEA0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation168312
1770-01-30T14:0045.37-26.151846.7LIZARDN75E203N76E44.00-19NE, SSWMODERATECLOUDY WEATHER0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation168313
1770-01-31T14:0046.45-24.15716.7LIZARDN74E176N87E88.00-19SWBW, EMODERATEHAZY WEATHER0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation168314
1770-02-01T14:0047.00-23.822061.0LIZARDN70E175S23E31.00-19E, SWMODERATE INCLINABLE TO CALMHAZY WEATHER0000000168315
1770-02-02T14:0047.32-22.912062.6LIZARDN71E161N69E43.00-19N, SWLIGHT BREEZESINCLINABLE TO RAINHAZY0100000168316
1770-02-03T13:0047.23-19.632286.7LIZARDN72E114N68E143.00-20SSW, WSWMODERATEHAZY WEATHER0000000168317
1770-02-04T13:0049.50-16.672039.3LIZARDN83E67N57E140.00-22SWFRESH BREEZESCLEAR WEATHER0000000168318
1770-02-05T13:0049.67-13.062039.3LIZARDN73E20N87E138.00-22SWFRESH BREEZESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168319
1770-02-06T13:0049.57-12.183169.3-22W, N, NNWFRESH BREEZES WITH SQUALLSRAIN0100000168320
1770-02-07T13:0049.23-11.3233822.6-22WNW, W, NFIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALESCLOUDY WEATHER0000000168321
1770-02-08T13:0049.87-10.4523-22NNE, NEFIRST AND MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY WEATHER0000000168322
1770-02-09T13:0048.88-9.583381.0-22NE, NW, NFIRST PART STRONG GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER AIRS AND CALMFIRST PART CLOUDY0000000168323
1770-02-10T13:0049.45-8.713381.0LIZARDN81E64N55E60.00-22NLIGHT AIRSCLEAR WEATHER0000000168324
1770-02-11T12:0049.55-6.002276.7LIZARDN83E28N87E109.00-21NNE, WSWMODERATECLEAR WEATHER0000000168325