García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERLIN cruise from Spithead to Newfoundland started at 1768-04-12 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750760, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 42.363590 * Median Longitude: -25.914103 * South-bound Latitude: 32.020000 * West-bound Longitude: -53.260000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.650000 * East-bound Longitude: -4.900000
Date/Time Start: 1768-04-12T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1768-05-20T16:00:00
Event(s):
Merlin_17680412_NMM_ADM/L/M289A * Latitude Start: 50.680000 * Longitude Start: -0.960000 * Latitude End: 46.700000 * Longitude End: -52.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1768-04-12T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1768-05-20T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Merlin (Sloop), Voyage: Spithead - Newfoundland, 1st Observer: John Hamilton (Captain), 2nd Observer: Thomas Morrice (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 18G 304BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
756 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 ww (Weather description) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1768-04-12T12:00 | 49.65 | -4.90 | 183 | 19.0 | START | N61E | 19 | 1 | S60W | 56.00 | -20 | S, SBW, SSW | FRESH GALES | A SWELL FROM THE WESTWARD | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168191 | ||
| 1768-04-13T13:00 | 48.65 | -12.95 | 193 | 19.0 | START | N72E | 45 | S79W | 80.00 | -21 | SBW, SBE, SWBS, | FRESH GALES AND HARD SQUALLS | A SWELL FROM THE WNW | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168192 | |||
| 1768-04-14T13:00 | 49.24 | -8.91 | 238 | 6.7 | START | S88E | 70 | N58W | 92.00 | -21 | SSW, WSW, WBS | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168193 | ||||
| 1768-04-15T13:00 | 49.02 | -9.60 | 170 | 6.7 | START | S88E | 79 | N85W | 27.00 | -21 | WSW, W, SW, SBW | FIRST AND LATTER PART MODERATE | A SWELL FROM THE WESTWARD | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168194 | |||
| 1768-04-16T13:00 | 48.37 | -12.86 | 170 | 19.0 | START | N88E | 122 | S79W | 128.00 | -21 | SBE, SWBW, SBW | FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY WEATHER, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168195 | ||||
| 1768-04-17T13:00 | 47.86 | -13.80 | 249 | 19.0 | START | N86E | 135 | S66W | 42.00 | -21 | SBW, SW, W | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168196 | |||||
| 1768-04-18T13:00 | 48.41 | -14.41 | 215 | 26.8 | START | S87:37E | 146 | N27W | 53.00 | -21 | SW, WSW, SWBW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD GALES | RAIN | A GREAT SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168197 | |||
| 1768-04-19T13:00 | 48.53 | -13.86 | 249 | 26.8 | START | S84:13E | 135 | N20E | 24.00 | -21 | SWBS, WBS, W | STRONG GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD GALES | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168198 | |||
| 1768-04-20T13:00 | 48.61 | -14.36 | 215 | 19.0 | START | S81:26E | 139 | N15W | 23.00 | -21 | W, WSW, SWBW | HARD GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | HAZY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168199 | ||||
| 1768-04-21T13:00 | 48.75 | -14.20 | 249 | 26.8 | START | S78:25E | 137 | N15E | 24.00 | -21 | SW, WSW, W | FRESH GALES, LATTER HARD GALES | RAIN | LATTER A GREAT SEA | HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168200 | ||
| 1768-04-22T13:00 | 46.75 | -13.36 | 250 | 6.7 | START | S84:55E | 128 | S32E | 57.00 | -20 | W, WSW, WNW, W | HARD GALES, MIDDLE MORE MODERATE, LATTER MODERATE | HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168201 | ||||
| 1768-04-23T13:00 | 46.73 | -13.60 | 250 | 6.7 | START | N80:46E | 131 | S5W | 98.00 | -20 | W, WNW, W | MODERATE, LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168202 | ||||
| 1768-04-24T13:00 | 44.48 | -13.60 | 273 | 19.0 | START | N70:24E | 136 | S | 77.00 | -20 | W, WBN, WNW | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE MORE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168203 | ||||
| 1768-04-25T13:00 | 44.90 | -14.26 | 295 | 26.8 | START | N74:22E | 144 | N54W | 38.00 | -20 | W, NWBW, NW | FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD GALES AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168204 | ||||
| 1768-04-26T13:00 | 42.62 | -15.23 | 295 | 19.0 | START | N66:37E | 168 | S25W | 96.00 | -20 | NW, W, NW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168205 | ||||
| 1768-04-27T13:00 | 41.72 | -15.58 | 218 | 6.7 | START | N62:16E | 181 | S16W | 54.00 | -18 | NW, WNW, SWBW | MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168206 | ||||
| 1768-04-28T13:00 | 41.52 | -16.63 | 286 | START | N65:35E | 193 | N70W | 47.00 | -18 | WBS, WNW, NWBW | MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | LATTER A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NNW | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168207 | |||
| 1768-04-29T13:00 | 40.87 | -18.23 | 354 | 6.7 | START | N63:35E | 219 | S52W | 86.00 | -17 | NNW, NW, N, NBE | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE SHOWERS | A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NW | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168208 | |||
| 1768-04-30T13:00 | 39.89 | -20.50 | 39 | 6.7 | START | N65:25E | 251 | S76W | 99.00 | -17 | NBE, N, NNE, NEBE | MODERATE | FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168209 | ||||
| 1768-05-01T13:00 | 39.51 | -22.48 | 51 | 6.7 | START | N67:06E | 277 | S83W | 86.00 | -17 | ENE, EBS, E, ENE | MODERATE | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168210 | ||||
| 1768-05-02T14:00 | 39.02 | -24.68 | 29 | 6.7 | START | N68:31E | 307 | S81W | 94.00 | -16 | NE, N, NE | LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168211 | ||||
| 1768-05-03T14:00 | 38.39 | -26.73 | 18 | 6.7 | START | N69:02E | 335 | S75W | 91.00 | -16 | NNE, NNW, NEBN | MODERATE | FAIR, MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168212 | ||||
| 1768-05-04T14:00 | 37.94 | -27.90 | 98 | 2.6 | START | 69:56E | 362 | S81W | 78.00 | -15 | ENE, E, NEBE, ESE | MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168213 | ||||
| 1768-05-05T14:00 | 37.71 | -29.40 | 361 | 2.6 | START | N70:35E | 372 | N88W | 36.00 | -15 | E, SSE, CALM, SE, CALM | LITTLE WIND | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168214 | ||||
| 1768-05-06T14:00 | 37.11 | -29.96 | 257 | 6.7 | START | N70:02E | 383 | S50W | 33.00 | -13 | SWBS, SW, WSW, NW, W | FRESH GALES, LATER MODERATE | DRIZZLING RAIN | A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NW | CLOUDY WEATHER | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168215 | ||
| 1768-05-07T14:00 | 36.01 | -31.31 | 268 | 26.8 | START | N68:49E | 409 | S50W | 79.00 | -13 | W, WNW, NW, N, NBE, WBN | FRESH GALES, 1/2 PAST 5 HARD GALES AND SQUALLY | A GREAT SWELL FROM THE NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168216 | |||
| 1768-05-08T14:00 | 34.76 | -32.45 | 325 | 26.8 | START | N67:15E | 434 | S40W | 78.00 | -13 | NWBN, NNW, NBW, NNW | HARD GALES AND HEAVY SQUALLS | A GREAT SEA FROM THE NORTHWARD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168217 | ||||
| 1768-05-09T14:00 | 33.68 | -34.83 | 327 | 6.7 | START | N67:06E | 473 | S65W | 118.00 | -11 | NBE, N, NNW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE MORE MODERATE, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168218 | ||||
| 1768-05-10T14:00 | 33.00 | -35.50 | 315 | 19.0 | START | N66:38E | 487 | S47W | 41.00 | -11 | NWBN, W, WSW, NWBN | MODERATE, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | A SWELL FROM NE | CLOUDY, MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168219 | |||
| 1768-05-11T14:00 | 32.02 | -36.15 | 216 | 19.0 | START | N66:11E | 500 | S48W | 41.00 | -9 | NWBN, N, CALM, SW | FRESH GALES, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND | CLOUDY WEATHER, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168220 | ||||
| 1768-05-12T15:00 | 34.13 | -38.16 | 215 | 6.7 | START | N69:33E | 514 | N55W | 117.00 | -10 | SW | MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168221 | ||||
| 1768-05-13T15:00 | 37.17 | -41.00 | 204 | 19.0 | START | N73:02E | 540 | N64W | 144.00 | -10 | SWBS | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168222 | |||||
| 1768-05-14T15:00 | 38.18 | -41.73 | 336 | 6.7 | START | N73:15E | 551 | N85W | 134.00 | -13 | SW, W, WBN, NBW | HARD GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER MODERATE | RAIN | MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168223 | |||
| 1768-05-15T15:00 | 40.95 | -44.03 | 123 | 6.7 | START | N75:31E | 573 | N66W | 112.00 | -12 | NNE, NE, E, SE | MODERATE | FAIR WEATHER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168224 | ||||
| 1768-05-16T15:00 | 44.70 | -48.05 | 175 | 19.0 | START | N78:03E | 620 | N76W | 188.00 | -16 | SEBS, S, SEBE, S, SBW | FRESH GALES | LATTER FOGGY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168225 | |||
| 1768-05-17T15:00 | 45.38 | -49.55 | 310 | 19.0 | START | N79:34E | 633 | N60W | 75.00 | -16 | SSW, W, CALM, NWBN | FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MORE MODERATE | THICK FOG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168226 | ||||
| 1768-05-18T15:00 | 44.83 | -51.01 | 119 | 6.7 | START | N80:41E | 649 | N67W | 69.00 | -16 | SW, SWBS, SW, NBE, EBS, SE | MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168227 | ||||
| 1768-05-19T15:00 | 45.32 | -51.63 | 232 | 6.7 | START | N81:33E | 653 | N42W | 39.00 | -16 | CALM, SSE, NW, WNW, CALM, WSW | CALM, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168228 | ||||
| 1768-05-20T16:00 | 45.80 | -53.26 | 187 | 19.0 | START | N82:36E | 670 | N67W | 75.00 | -16 | WSW, WBN, CALM, ESE, SSW | FRESH GALES | MIDDLE THICK WEATHER, LATTER FOGGY | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 168229 |