García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERCURY cruise from Spithead to New York started at 1783-06-06 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750733, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 36.647333 * Median Longitude: -36.243111 * South-bound Latitude: 32.970000 * West-bound Longitude: -72.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 48.730000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.450000
Date/Time Start: 1783-06-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1783-07-20T17:00:00
Event(s):
Mercury_17830606_NMM_ADM/L/M158 * Latitude Start: 50.680000 * Longitude Start: -0.960000 * Latitude End: 40.670000 * Longitude End: -74.040000 * Date/Time Start: 1783-06-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1783-07-20T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Mercury (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Spithead - New York, 1st Observer: Henry Stanhope (Captain), 2nd Observer: Richard Nash (2nd Officer/Lieutenant), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 593BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
855 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 Comment | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1783-06-06T12:00 | 48.73 | -5.45 | 362 | 9.3 | USHANT | SSE1/4E | 8 | S17W | 68.00 | -23 | VARIABLE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167733 | ||||
| 1783-06-07T12:00 | 47.30 | -6.37 | 339 | 6.7 | CAPE FINISTERRE | SWBS | 92 | SSW1/4W | 93.00 | -21 | WNW, N | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167734 | |||||
| 1783-06-08T13:00 | 46.45 | -8.57 | 46 | 6.7 | CAPE FINISTERRE | S15W | 67 | SWBW1/2W | 109.00 | -22 | NNE, NE, ENE | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167735 | |||||
| 1783-06-09T13:00 | 45.05 | -12.70 | 46 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S56W | 246 | SWBW1/4W | 197.00 | -22 | NE, ENE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167736 | ||||
| 1783-06-10T13:00 | 43.85 | -15.17 | 46 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S36W | 172 | WSW | 198.00 | -22 | NEBE, ENE | FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167737 | ||||
| 1783-06-11T13:00 | 41.98 | -16.05 | 273 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S48W | 124 | SBW1/2W | 122.00 | -20 | NE, WNW | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167738 | ||||
| 1783-06-12T13:00 | 39.08 | -17.67 | 274 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | S74W | 83 | SSW1/2W | 196.00 | -19 | WBN, WNW | FRESH BREEZES | SMOOTH SEA | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167739 | |||
| 1783-06-13T13:00 | 36.85 | -18.60 | 252 | 6.7 | ST MICHAELS | N61W | 58 | SBW1/2W | 151.00 | -18 | WBN, W | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167740 | ||||
| 1783-06-14T13:00 | 37.38 | -18.90 | 286 | 19.0 | ST MICHAELS | N75W | 64 | NNW1/4W | 36.00 | -18 | WBS, W, WNW, NWBW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167741 | ||||
| 1783-06-15T13:00 | 35.63 | -20.12 | 252 | 9.3 | ST MICHAELS | N36W | 54 | SWBW | 107.00 | -18 | NWBW, NWBN, W | FRESH BREEZES | HEAVY SWELL FROM NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167742 | |||
| 1783-06-16T13:00 | 34.30 | -20.37 | 275 | 6.7 | ST MARYS | N36W | 67 | S8W | 81.00 | -18 | WBS, W, WNW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167743 | ||||
| 1783-06-17T13:00 | 33.18 | -20.43 | 362 | 6.7 | MADEIRA | S83E | 55 | SSW | 66.00 | -18 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167744 | ||||
| 1783-06-18T13:00 | 33.27 | -20.32 | 320 | 1.0 | MADEIRA | S83E | 54 | N51E | 7.00 | -18 | WBN, NW, NNW | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167745 | ||||
| 1783-06-19T14:00 | 33.03 | -23.08 | 355 | 1.0 | ST MARYS | N4W | 46 | S84W | 142.00 | -16 | NWBN, N, NBE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167746 | ||||
| 1783-06-20T14:00 | 32.97 | -26.50 | 29 | 9.3 | CORVO | N32W | 157 | W | 172.00 | -16 | NNE, NE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167747 | ||||
| 1783-06-21T14:00 | 33.27 | -28.42 | 19 | 6.7 | CORVO | N20W | 136 | N79W | 98.00 | -15 | NEBN | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167748 | ||||
| 1783-06-22T14:00 | 33.55 | -28.98 | 8 | 1.0 | CORVO | N19W | 130 | WNW | 40.00 | -15 | NEBN, NNE | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167749 | ||||
| 1783-06-23T14:00 | 33.50 | -29.35 | 109 | CORVO | N18W | 129 | W8N | 18.00 | -15 | NE, CALM, SEBE | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE CALM | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167750 | |||||
| 1783-06-24T14:00 | 33.55 | -29.98 | 30 | 1.0 | CORVO | N10W | 127 | W | 32.00 | -15 | SE, ENE, NNW, NE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167751 | ||||
| 1783-06-25T14:00 | 33.92 | -30.88 | 98 | 1.0 | CORVO | N5W | 112 | N64W | 50.00 | -15 | EBN, SSE, SW, ESE | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167752 | ||||
| 1783-06-26T14:00 | 34.47 | -31.33 | 266 | 1.0 | CORVO | N | 104 | SWBS | 40.00 | -15 | SE, S, WSW, WBN | MODERATE, 3AM CALM, 7AM LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY, 7AM CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167753 | ||||
| 1783-06-27T14:00 | 34.32 | -31.58 | 362 | 6.7 | CORVO | N4E | 108 | SWBW1/4W | 15.00 | -15 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167754 | ||||
| 1783-06-28T14:00 | 33.85 | -32.13 | 233 | 6.7 | CORVO | N12E | 119 | SW | 40.00 | -15 | NW, CALM, WSW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167755 | ||||
| 1783-06-29T14:00 | 34.35 | -32.97 | 212 | 1.0 | CORVO | N14E | 111 | NW3/4W | 51.00 | -13 | WSW, W, SW | LIGHT AIRS | SWELL FROM W | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167756 | |||
| 1783-06-30T14:00 | 35.37 | -34.62 | 280 | 9.3 | CORVO | NNE1/2E | 99 | NW1/4N | 83.00 | -13 | SWBW, W, WNW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 167757 | |||
| 1783-07-01T14:00 | 35.52 | -36.00 | 358 | 6.7 | CORVO | N37E | 104 | W1/2N | 91.00 | -13 | WBN, NBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167758 | ||||
| 1783-07-02T15:00 | 35.37 | -38.38 | 11 | 6.7 | CORVO | N49E | 133 | W4S | 117.00 | -12 | NNE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167759 | ||||
| 1783-07-03T15:00 | 35.53 | -40.18 | 123 | 6.7 | LOND ISLAND | N79:12W | 544 | N83W | 88.00 | -12 | NE, ENE, SE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167760 | ||||
| 1783-07-04T15:00 | 35.85 | -43.07 | 192 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N78:48W | 511 | N83W | 138.00 | -11 | SE, SW, SSW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167761 | ||||
| 1783-07-05T15:00 | 36.47 | -46.07 | 214 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N76W | 468 | N76W | 150.00 | -11 | SBW, SW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167762 | ||||
| 1783-07-06T15:00 | 37.33 | -46.88 | 362 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N81:11W | 439 | NW1/2N | 87.00 | -11 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | HEAVY SWELL FROM W | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167763 | |||
| 1783-07-07T15:00 | 36.75 | -47.45 | 259 | 9.3 | NEW YORK | N78:57W | 412 | NW1/2W | 55.00 | -11 | W | FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167764 | ||||
| 1783-07-08T15:00 | 35.10 | -47.37 | 259 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N74:34W | 431 | S7W | 101.00 | -11 | W | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167765 | ||||
| 1783-07-09T15:00 | 33.92 | -47.87 | 261 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N71:2W | 417 | SW1/4S | 69.00 | -9 | W | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167766 | ||||
| 1783-07-10T15:00 | 33.62 | -47.91 | 306 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N70:2W | 417 | SW1/4S | 26.00 | -9 | NW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167767 | ||||
| 1783-07-11T15:00 | 34.73 | -49.19 | 239 | 9.3 | NEW YORK | N71:44W | 381 | N51W | 103.00 | -9 | W, CALM, WSW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167768 | ||||
| 1783-07-12T15:00 | 34.98 | -51.91 | 216 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N69:56W | 344 | N83W | 134.00 | -9 | WSW, SW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167769 | ||||
| 1783-07-13T16:00 | 35.40 | -55.79 | 183 | 9.3 | NEW YORK | N67:2W | 280 | N83W | 210.00 | -8 | SBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE RAIN | NOON CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167770 | |||
| 1783-07-14T16:00 | 35.57 | -60.13 | 185 | CORVO | N59:53W | 207 | N87W | 230.00 | -6 | SBW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167771 | ||||||
| 1783-07-15T16:00 | 35.83 | -64.70 | 187 | 9.3 | NEW YORK | NW | 140 | N86W | 240.00 | -4 | SBW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167772 | |||||
| 1783-07-16T17:00 | 36.28 | -67.53 | 21 | 0.0 | NEW YORK | N27W | 99 | N88W | 160.00 | -2 | S, CALM, NNE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER CALM | MIDDLE THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 167773 | ||
| 1783-07-17T17:00 | 36.68 | -68.20 | 178 | 1.0 | NEW YORK | N2W | 89 | N55W | 60.00 | -2 | NE, S | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167774 | ||||
| 1783-07-18T17:00 | 37.58 | -69.27 | 107 | 1.0 | NEW YORK | N10W | 62 | N39W | 86.00 | -6 | SE, ESE | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167775 | ||||
| 1783-07-19T17:00 | 38.42 | -70.50 | 107 | 6.7 | NEW YORK | N57W | 90.00 | -6 | ESE | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167776 | ||||||
| 1783-07-20T17:00 | 39.00 | -72.00 | 219 | 6.7 | SANDY HOOK | WSW | 39 | N71W | 113.00 | -6 | ESE, SSE, SSW, SW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167777 |