García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERCURY cruise from St. Johns to Cruising Off Grand Banks started at 1780-09-17 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750731, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 42.694595 * Median Longitude: -49.220000 * South-bound Latitude: 38.130000 * West-bound Longitude: -51.950000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.700000 * East-bound Longitude: -46.450000
Date/Time Start: 1780-09-17T15:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1780-10-23T15:00:00
Event(s):
Mercury_17800917_NMM_ADM/L/M156 * Latitude Start: 47.670000 * Longitude Start: -52.270000 * Latitude End: 47.320000 * Longitude End: -49.800000 * Date/Time Start: 1780-09-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1780-10-23T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Mercury (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns (Nf) - Cruising Off Grand Banks, 1st Observer: Issac Prescott (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 593BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
705 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 Comment | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1780-09-17T15:00 | 47.35 | -51.27 | 263 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N78:30W | 19 | S78:36E | 56.00 | -18 | WSW, W, WBN | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167681 | ||||
| 1780-09-18T15:00 | 47.70 | -49.77 | 257 | 1.0 | ST JOHNS | S85W | 31 | N71E | 63.00 | -24 | W, WBS, WBN | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167682 | |||||
| 1780-09-19T15:00 | 46.85 | -48.95 | 117 | 6.7 | VIRGIN ROCKS | S82:30W | 28 | S33E | 61.00 | -18 | WBN, VARIABLE, SE | MODERATE BREEZES | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167683 | ||||
| 1780-09-20T15:00 | 45.23 | -47.80 | 235 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N66W | 69 | S22E | 105.00 | -18 | WNW, WBS, WBS1/2S | FIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167684 | ||||
| 1780-09-21T15:00 | 43.70 | -47.97 | 353 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N47W | 82 | S | 92.00 | -18 | NW, NBE | STRONG GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS | THICK | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167685 | ||||
| 1780-09-22T15:00 | 42.00 | -48.92 | 145 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N30W | 107 | S22:30W | 110.00 | -13 | NNE, SEBE, SSE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167686 | ||||
| 1780-09-23T15:00 | 40.63 | -50.42 | 43 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N15W | 118 | S48W | 92.00 | -13 | SBE, SSW, NEBE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167687 | ||||
| 1780-09-24T15:00 | 38.95 | -50.42 | 10 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N12W | 157 | S | 121.00 | -13 | NW, NNE | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167688 | |||
| 1780-09-25T15:00 | 39.08 | -51.02 | 32 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N9W | 153 | N74W | 29.00 | -13 | WNW, NEBE, NE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167689 | ||||
| 1780-09-26T15:00 | 38.13 | -51.18 | 116 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N7W | 170 | S18W | 57.00 | -13 | NE, E, SE1/2E | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167690 | ||||
| 1780-09-27T15:00 | 38.18 | -51.43 | 128 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N6W | 167 | N68W | 11.00 | -13 | EBS1/2S, SE1/2S | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167691 | ||||
| 1780-09-28T15:00 | 40.22 | -50.35 | 145 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N14W | 133 | N22:15E | 132.00 | -13 | SE, SSE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167692 | ||||
| 1780-09-29T15:00 | 40.57 | -50.08 | 257 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N17W | 128 | N52E | 25.00 | -13 | S, SSW, W | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167693 | ||||
| 1780-09-30T15:00 | 39.63 | -49.75 | 257 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N16W | 146 | S15E | 58.00 | -13 | W | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167694 | ||||
| 1780-10-01T15:00 | 38.33 | -49.65 | 55 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N15W | 172 | S00:3E | 80.00 | -13 | WBS, ENE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167695 | |||
| 1780-10-02T15:00 | 38.88 | -48.18 | 133 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N13W | 159 | N37W | 42.00 | -13 | ENE, EBS, SEBS | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 167696 | |||
| 1780-10-03T15:00 | 39.32 | -49.53 | 190 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N11W | 154 | N47E | 39.00 | -13 | SE, SSE, SSW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167697 | ||||
| 1780-10-04T15:00 | 40.25 | -49.70 | 167 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N19W | 136 | N8W | 57.00 | -13 | SW, S | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167698 | ||||
| 1780-10-05T15:00 | 39.83 | -49.38 | 212 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N22W | 126 | N23E | 38.00 | -13 | SW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE CALM | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 167699 | |||
| 1780-10-06T15:00 | 39.88 | -47.40 | 194 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N25W | 170 | N53E | 50.00 | -14 | SW, SSW, SSW1/2W | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167700 | ||||
| 1780-10-07T15:00 | 39.87 | -46.85 | 234 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N28W | 176 | S88E | 25.00 | -14 | SW, WSW | FRESH BREEZES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167701 | |||
| 1780-10-08T15:00 | 40.35 | -47.02 | 9 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N27W | 162 | N14W | 30.00 | -14 | WBS, NNE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167702 | ||||
| 1780-10-09T15:00 | 41.88 | -47.50 | 347 | 1.0 | ST JOHNS | N26W | 158 | N10E | 18.00 | -13 | N1/2E, N | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167703 | ||||
| 1780-10-10T15:00 | 41.77 | -46.95 | 324 | 1.0 | ST JOHNS | N34W | 142 | N2E | 86.00 | -14 | W, NNW | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167704 | ||||
| 1780-10-11T15:00 | 41.93 | -46.45 | 9 | 19.0 | ST JOHNS | N38W | 143 | N64E | 23.00 | -14 | NNW, N, NNE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167705 | ||||
| 1780-10-12T15:00 | 41.85 | -48.37 | 32 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N27W | 129 | S85W | 57.00 | -13 | NBW, N, NE | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167706 | ||||
| 1780-10-13T15:00 | 42.95 | -49.03 | 263 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N28W | 112 | N26W | 72.00 | -18 | NNE, W, WBN | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167707 | ||||
| 1780-10-14T15:00 | 43.80 | -48.98 | 241 | 19.0 | ST JOHNS | N33W | 98 | N2E | 51.00 | -18 | W, NNW, WBS | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167708 | ||||
| 1780-10-15T15:00 | 45.25 | -49.15 | 275 | 19.0 | ST JOHNS | N44W | 66 | N5W | 88.00 | -18 | WSW, WNW | FRESH GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167709 | ||||
| 1780-10-16T15:00 | 45.40 | -48.05 | 275 | 22.6 | ST JOHNS | N50W | 72 | N78:45E | 48.00 | -18 | WNW | STRONG GALES WITH HEAVY SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167710 | ||||
| 1780-10-17T15:00 | 46.35 | -49.05 | 230 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N62W | 52 | N39W | 73.00 | -18 | NW, WSW | FRESH BREEZES | GREAT SWELL FROM NW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167711 | |||
| 1780-10-18T15:00 | 46.87 | -48.17 | 230 | 22.6 | ST JOHNS | N78W | 63 | N45E | 51.00 | -18 | WSW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167712 | ||||
| 1780-10-19T15:00 | 47.45 | -49.48 | 230 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N86:3W | 39 | N61W | 62.00 | -18 | WSW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167713 | |||||
| 1780-10-20T15:00 | 47.20 | -50.00 | 5 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N77W | 32 | S69W | 27.00 | -18 | NNE | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167714 | |||||
| 1780-10-21T15:00 | 47.15 | -51.17 | 196 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N66W | 21 | S87W | 57.00 | -18 | SWBS | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167715 | |||||
| 1780-10-22T15:00 | 47.60 | -51.95 | 336 | 1.0 | ST JOHNS | S85W | 8 | N51W | 43.00 | -24 | N | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167716 | ||||
| 1780-10-23T15:00 | 47.32 | -49.80 | 342 | 1.0 | ST JOHNS | N82W | 38 | S82E | 114.00 | -18 | N | LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167717 |