García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERCURY cruise from Spithead to St. Johns started at 1780-04-08 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750729, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 44.482927 * Median Longitude: -39.114634 * South-bound Latitude: 41.900000 * West-bound Longitude: -47.050000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.130000 * East-bound Longitude: -6.850000
Date/Time Start: 1780-04-08T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1780-05-18T15:00:00
Event(s):
Mercury_17800408_NMM_ADM/L/M156 * Latitude Start: 50.680000 * Longitude Start: -0.960000 * Latitude End: 47.670000 * Longitude End: -52.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1780-04-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1780-05-18T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Mercury (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Spithead - St Johns (Nf), 1st Observer: Issac Prescott (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 593BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
790 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1780-04-08T12:00 | 49.13 | -6.85 | 158 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N52:10E | 33 | S65W | 134.00 | -22 | SSE, SE, E, S | FIRST PART SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167613 | |||
| 1780-04-09T13:00 | 49.05 | -10.13 | 157 | 9.3 | LIZARD | N73:20E | 66 | S87W | 129.00 | -23 | ESE, VARIABLE, S | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167614 | |||
| 1780-04-10T13:00 | 48.42 | -13.55 | 325 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N73:47E | 113 | S75W | 140.00 | -24 | S, NNW, NBW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167615 | ||||
| 1780-04-11T13:00 | 45.90 | -16.55 | 272 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N61:36E | 172 | S39W | 180.00 | -21 | WNW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER PLEASANT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167616 | ||
| 1780-04-12T13:00 | 44.95 | -19.10 | 272 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N61:38E | 212 | S61:53W | 121.00 | -21 | WBS, VARIABLE, WNW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER STRONG GALES | HEAVY SWELL FROM N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167617 | |||
| 1780-04-13T13:00 | 44.48 | -21.70 | 2 | 22.6 | LIZARD | N62:43E | 149 | S76W | 113.00 | -21 | NBW, NBE, NNE | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167618 | ||||
| 1780-04-14T14:00 | 44.95 | -25.97 | 47 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N70:09E | 298 | N80W | 185.00 | -21 | NNE, NE, ENE | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167619 | |||
| 1780-04-15T14:00 | 44.48 | -28.02 | 25 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N71:24E | 325 | S84W | 87.00 | -20 | NEBE, NE | MODERATE BREEZES | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167620 | |||
| 1780-04-16T14:00 | 44.95 | -30.77 | 138 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N73:25E | 360 | N87W | 118.00 | -20 | NNE, ESE, SSE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167621 | |||
| 1780-04-17T14:00 | 44.82 | -33.30 | 171 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N74:37E | 393 | S87W | 109.00 | -20 | SE, SW, SBW | MODERATE BREEZES | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167622 | |||
| 1780-04-18T14:00 | 44.87 | -36.63 | 194 | 9.3 | LIZARD | N76:16E | 437 | N89W | 142.00 | -20 | SSW-SWBS | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167623 | |||
| 1780-04-19T15:00 | 44.33 | -40.22 | 195 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N76:34E | 488 | S80W | 156.00 | -19 | SWBS | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167624 | ||
| 1780-04-20T15:00 | 44.90 | -41.75 | 319 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N78:19E | 504 | N65W | 74.00 | -19 | SW, VARIABLE, NNW | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167625 | ||||
| 1780-04-21T15:00 | 44.32 | -43.78 | 184 | 9.3 | LIZARD | N77:45E | 536 | S60W | 93.00 | -19 | VARIABLE, SSW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167626 | |||
| 1780-04-22T15:00 | 44.42 | -45.62 | 362 | 6.7 | LIZARD | N78:28E | 558 | N85W | 80.00 | -19 | SBW, VARIABLE, SWBS, VARIABLE | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167627 | |||
| 1780-04-23T15:00 | 44.92 | -45.18 | 172 | 2.6 | LIZARD | N79:19E | 548 | N31E | 33.00 | -19 | S, SSE, SBW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS LIGHT BREEZES | SHOWERS OF RAIN | HEAVY SWELL FROM N | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167628 | |
| 1780-04-24T15:00 | 44.88 | -45.63 | 139 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N59:48W | 106 | S67W | 22.00 | -19 | SBE, WBS, SSE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167629 | |||
| 1780-04-25T15:00 | 44.77 | -45.87 | 200 | 12.3 | ST JOHNS | N57:49W | 105 | S51W | 12.00 | -19 | SBE, S, SBE, SW1/2S | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY | LATTER THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | LATTER RAIN | HEAVY SWELL FROM S | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 167630 |
| 1780-04-26T15:00 | 43.58 | -45.38 | 285 | 22.6 | ST JOHNS | N50:28W | 125 | S17E | 74.00 | -19 | SWBW, NWBW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | HEAVY SEA FROM S | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167631 | |||
| 1780-04-27T15:00 | 43.00 | -45.27 | 262 | 22.6 | ST JOHNS | N47:12W | 134 | S8E | 36.00 | -19 | NNW, WBN | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | HIGH SEA FROM N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167632 | |||
| 1780-04-28T15:00 | 42.68 | -45.17 | 161 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N45:45W | 140 | S11E | 20.00 | -19 | NW, S | FIRST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167633 | |||
| 1780-04-29T15:00 | 43.22 | -45.58 | 184 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N47:14W | 128 | N31W | 38.00 | -19 | SW, WSW, WBS, SSW | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | LIGHTNING | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 167634 | ||
| 1780-04-30T15:00 | 44.90 | -46.28 | 240 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N57:17W | 98 | N22:30W | 110.00 | -19 | SW, WSW, WBS | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES AND VARIABLE | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167635 | ||
| 1780-05-01T15:00 | 45.82 | -45.77 | 229 | 22.6 | ST JOHNS | N68:47W | N23E | 57.00 | -19 | SSW, WSW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167636 | ||||
| 1780-05-02T15:00 | 45.47 | -45.17 | 319 | 27.4 | ST JOHNS | N68:56W | 106 | S51E | 32.00 | -19 | W, NW, NNW | VERY HARD GALES | HIGH SEA FROM W | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167637 | |||
| 1780-05-03T15:00 | 44.23 | -45.17 | 319 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N54:47W | 121 | S | 83.00 | -19 | NW, NNW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167638 | |||
| 1780-05-04T15:00 | 43.38 | -46.15 | 223 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N45:48W | 120 | S47W | 59.00 | -19 | NW, SW1/2W, SWBW1/2W | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167639 | ||
| 1780-05-05T15:00 | 43.38 | -45.80 | 206 | 19.0 | ST JOHNS | N47:23W | 123 | E | 15.00 | -19 | WSW, SW | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167640 | ||||
| 1780-05-06T15:00 | 41.90 | -45.35 | 267 | 19.0 | ST JOHNS | N40:55W | 150 | S13E | 89.00 | -14 | WNW, NWBW, WBN | FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | SHOWERS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167641 | |||
| 1780-05-07T15:00 | 42.68 | -44.58 | 285 | 2.6 | ST JOHNS | N48:35W | 148 | N35E | 58.00 | -19 | WNW, NWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES INCLINABLE TO CALMS | LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167642 | ||
| 1780-05-08T15:00 | 42.83 | -46.28 | 347 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N41:38W | 143 | N83W | 76.00 | -19 | N, N1/2E | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167643 | |||
| 1780-05-09T15:00 | 43.30 | -46.75 | 347 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N42:12W | 116 | N34W | 36.00 | -19 | NNE, E, N1/2E | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167644 | |||
| 1780-05-10T15:00 | 45.38 | -46.75 | 262 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N60:65W | 88 | N | 125.00 | -19 | NE, SSW, WBN | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER FOGGY | FIRST PART RAINY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167645 | ||
| 1780-05-11T15:00 | 45.23 | -46.43 | 229 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N59:50W | 94 | S58E | 17.00 | -19 | W, NNW, WSW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FIRST PART FOGGY | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167646 | ||
| 1780-05-12T15:00 | 45.50 | -47.05 | 296 | 9.3 | ST JOHNS | N63:02W | 83 | N57W | 31.00 | -19 | SWBS, NNW, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES,LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER FOGGY | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167647 | ||
| 1780-05-13T15:00 | 45.07 | -45.13 | 206 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N63:04W | 111 | S72W | 58.00 | -19 | SBW1/2W, SWBS, SW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART FOGGY | MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167648 | ||
| 1780-05-14T15:00 | 44.03 | -45.20 | 262 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N54:20W | 122 | S3W | 58.00 | -19 | SSW, W, WBN | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES AND VARIABLE | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167649 | |||
| 1780-05-15T15:00 | 42.18 | -45.20 | 324 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N42:51W | 147 | S | 111.00 | -14 | W, NW, NNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167650 | |||
| 1780-05-16T15:00 | 41.95 | -46.02 | 357 | 2.6 | ST JOHNS | N38:18W | 144 | S70W | 39.00 | -14 | NNW, NEBN, NBE | LIGHT BREEZES | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167651 | |||
| 1780-05-17T15:00 | 42.77 | -46.67 | 262 | 22.6 | ST JOHNS | N29:35W | 125 | N28W | 62.00 | -19 | SW, WSW, WBN | MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167652 | |||
| 1780-05-18T15:00 | 42.78 | -45.93 | 71 | 6.7 | ST JOHNS | N42:52W | 131 | N88W | 29.00 | -19 | W, WSW, E | MODERATE BREEZES | RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 167653 |