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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERCATOR cruise from Batavia to the Netherlands started at 1852-02-15 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750718, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -2.001923 * Median Longitude: 16.036308 * South-bound Latitude: -35.720000 * West-bound Longitude: -42.170000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.470000 * East-bound Longitude: 105.300000
Date/Time Start: 1852-02-15T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-06-26T00:00:00
Event(s):
Mercator_18520215_H_REIS_5_P99-125 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1852-02-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-06-26T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Mercator (Bark), Voyage: Batavia - Nederland, 1st Observer: J. Poort (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
12 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 CommentComment
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2831 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
12 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
Comment
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1852-02-15T05:00-7.73104.882594.6VM8ZW 2/3 W24.5003WTZ30000000166647
1852-02-16T05:00-8.73104.973620.01014.630.6VM8Z 1/3 W19.500087.0029.96OMLOPEND00000000166648
1852-02-17T05:00-9.28104.623620.01014.331.1VM8ZW 2/3 Z8.750088.0029.95OMLOPEND00000000166649
1852-02-18T05:00-9.45105.253381014.031.1VM8ZTW 1/4 W11.50088.0029.94NNW0000000166650
1852-02-19T05:00-9.60105.303610.01014.031.1VM8Z2.500088.0029.94STIL00000000166651
1852-02-20T05:00-9.55104.771911.01012.631.1VM8WZW 3/4 W8.500188.0029.90ZTW10000000166652
1852-02-21T05:00-9.67104.002030.01010.931.1VM8W 3/4 Z13.750088.0029.85ZZW00000000166653
1852-02-22T05:00-9.38102.473621014.631.1VM8WTN5.00088.0029.96RONDLOPEND0000000166654
1852-02-23T05:00-9.90102.571804.61014.031.1VM8ZWTW 3/4 W23.750388.0029.94Z30000000166655
1852-02-24T05:00-10.57101.521581.01014.031.1VM8ZWTW 1/4 W19.250188.0029.94ZZO10000000166656
1852-02-25T05:00-11.2799.781581014.031.1VM8ZWTW 1/8 W26.00088.0029.94ZZO0000000166657
1852-02-26T06:00-11.8097.451574.61012.631.1VM8WZW 2/3 W27.50-1388.0029.90ZZO30000000166658
1852-02-27T06:00-12.5294.531566.71014.331.1VM8WZW 1/4 W37.00-2488.0029.95ZZO40000000166659
1852-02-28T06:00-13.1592.681564.61014.331.1VM8ZWTW 3/4 W24.50-2388.0029.95ZZO30000000166660
1852-02-29T06:00-13.6391.271662.61014.630.0VM8WZW18.75-3286.0029.96ZTO20000000166661
1852-03-01T06:00-14.1590.252001.01014.630.0VM8WZW15.00-3186.0029.96ZZW10000000166662
1852-03-02T06:00-15.1887.6015519.01014.630.6VM8ZWTW 7/8 W38.25-3887.0029.96ZZO80000000166663
1852-03-03T06:00-16.4585.301556.71017.030.6VM8ZWTW35.00-3487.0030.03ZZO40000000166664
1852-03-04T06:00-17.7383.208419.01018.030.6VM8ZWTW35.00-6887.0030.06O80000000166665
1852-03-05T07:00-18.8780.751526.71022.829.4VM8ZWTW 3/4 W35.00-6485.0030.20ZZO40000000166666
1852-03-06T07:00-20.0878.1216319.01016.028.3VM8WZW 1/2 W42.00-6883.0030.00ZTO80000000166667
1852-03-07T07:00-21.1075.501511019.428.9VM8ZWTW 1/2 W32.50-784.0030.10ZZO0000000166668
1852-03-08T07:00-22.7573.1012519.01019.428.9VM8ZW 2/3 W43.50-10884.0030.10ZO80000000166669
1852-03-09T07:00-24.4570.781246.71022.828.3VM8ZW 1/2 W37.50-11483.0030.20ZO40000000166670
1852-03-10T07:00-25.5568.451026.71022.828.9VM8ZWTW 1/4 W36.00-11484.0030.20OZO40000000166671
1852-03-11T08:00-26.2066.35786.71021.127.8VM8WZW32.00-12482.0030.15O40000000166672
1852-03-12T08:00-26.2564.60782.61020.728.9VM8W 1/4 Z27.25-12284.0030.14O20000000166673
1852-03-13T08:00-26.4063.00562.61018.028.9VM8W 1/4 Z22.00-12284.0030.06ONO20000000166674
1852-03-14T08:00-26.6561.67551.01029.527.8VM8W 3/4 Z16.50-13182.0030.40ONO10000000166675
1852-03-15T08:00-27.4059.80321.01014.628.9VM8WZW 1/2 W23.00-13184.0029.96NO10000000166676
1852-03-16T08:00-28.1759.333434.61014.331.1VM8WZW33.50-17388.0029.95N30000000166677
1852-03-17T08:00-28.6555.1334119.01016.030.0VM8WZW 1/2 W27.00-19886.0030.00N80000000166678
1852-03-18T08:00-28.8854.073411.01016.028.9VM8WZW 2/3 W14.50-19184.0030.00N10000000166679
1852-03-19T08:00-28.9853.48261.01011.930.0VM8WTZ7.50-19186.0029.88NO10000000166680
1852-03-20T09:00-28.7252.402041.01011.627.8VM8WNW 1/3 W13.00-21182.0029.87ZW10000000166681
1852-03-21T09:00-28.6851.952152.61010.224.4VM8W 1/2 N6.00-21276.0029.83ZWTW20000000166682
1852-03-22T09:00-28.4851.752490.01021.126.7VM8NW 1/2 N4.50-21080.0030.15W00000000166683
1852-03-23T09:00-29.0350.38691.01021.126.7VM8ZWTW 1/4 W23.50-21180.0030.15O10000000166684
1852-03-24T09:00-29.7346.6736019.01014.327.8VM8WZW 7/8 W42.00-23882.0029.95NNO80000000166685
1852-03-25T09:00-30.2245.752251020.026.7VM8W 1/4 Z11.25-2380.0030.12WZW0000000166686
1852-03-26T09:00-30.1343.572132.61020.726.7VM8WNW 7/8 W24.25-23280.0030.14ZWTW20000000166687
1852-03-27T09:00-29.9540.881791019.425.6VM8W 1/4 Z36.50-2478.0030.10ZZW0000000166688
1852-03-28T09:00-30.4237.731796.71018.425.6VM8WTZ38.00-24478.0030.07ZZW40000000166689
1852-03-29T10:00-31.1835.40644.61017.724.4VM8ZWTW 2/3 W28.00-26376.0030.05O30000000166690
1852-03-30T09:00-31.4538.522781029.524.4VM8-2676.0030.40NWTW0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation166691
1852-03-31T10:00-31.6832.071766.71019.424.4VM8WTZ27.25-27476.0030.10ZZW40000000166692
1852-04-01T10:00-32.9529.45844.61021.424.4VM8ZW 2/3 W31.50-29376.0030.16OZO30000000166693
1852-04-02T10:00-34.9225.907119.01012.626.7VM8ZWTW54.00-30880.0029.90OTZ80000000166694
1852-04-03T10:00-35.3223.252741017.725.6VM8W9.00-3078.0030.05NWTW0000000166695
1852-04-04T11:00-35.7220.971051024.524.4VM8W 1/4 Z28.50-3076.0030.25ZO0000000166696
1852-04-05T11:00-34.8317.976019.01012.921.1VM8WNW 1/2 W41.00-30870.0029.91O80000000166697
1852-04-06T11:00-33.6016.271061.01012.623.3VM8NW 1/4 W24.50-29174.0029.90ZO10000000166698
1852-04-07T11:00-32.7515.522971.01009.921.1VM8WNW14.25-29170.0029.82NWTN10000000166699
1852-04-08T11:00-32.0716.002652.61016.021.1VM8NTO11.75-28270.0030.00WNW20000000166700
1852-04-09T11:00-32.2315.630.01020.724.4VM8ZWTW 1/2 W8.50-28076.0030.14STIL0000000166701
1852-04-10T11:00-32.1814.853102.61013.622.2VM8W 1/4 Z9.75-28272.0029.93NNW20000000166702
1852-04-11T11:00-31.6715.373610.01019.421.1VM8NTW7.50-28070.0030.10STIL00000000166703
1852-04-12T11:00-29.7012.171529.31024.522.2VM8NW 1/3 N34.50-28572.0030.25Z50000000166704
1852-04-13T11:00-27.759.7510719.01022.824.4VM8NW45.50-28876.0030.20ZO80000000166705
1852-04-14T11:00-26.007.731986.71018.423.3VM8NW35.00-27474.0030.07ZW40000000166706
1852-04-15T12:00-24.876.331542.61018.417.8VM8NW29.00-26264.0030.07Z20000000166707
1852-04-16T12:00-23.905.001541.01019.424.4VM8NW28.50-26176.0030.10Z10000000166708
1852-04-17T12:00-22.523.271094.61021.125.6VM8NW28.50-26378.0030.15ZO30000000166709
1852-04-18T12:00-20.931.451331017.724.4VM8NW36.00-2576.0030.05ZZO0000000166710
1852-04-19T12:00-19.43-0.471331019.423.3VM8NW33.00-2574.0030.10ZZO0000000166711
1852-04-20T12:00-18.10-1.921101017.725.6VM8NW 1/4 N29.00-2578.0030.05ZO0000000166712
1852-04-21T12:00-17.13-3.301122.61019.423.3VM8NW 3/4 W26.00-23274.0030.10ZO20000000166713
1852-04-22T12:00-16.22-4.681122.61014.325.6VM8NW 3/4 W25.00-23278.0029.95ZO20000000166714
1852-04-23T00:001356.71014.325.6VM815.00478.0029.95ZO40000000166715
1852-04-24T00:0010000000166716
1852-04-25T12:00-14.75-7.101126.71014.325.6VM8NW 1/4 W28.00-23478.0029.95ZO40000000166717
1852-04-26T13:00-13.42-8.981144.61014.325.6VM8NW 1/4 W35.00-21378.0029.95ZO30000000166718
1852-04-27T13:00-11.73-10.821146.71014.326.7VM8NW 3/4 N33.00-21480.0029.95ZO40000000166719
1852-04-28T13:00-10.18-12.231144.61014.327.8VM8NW 3/4 N29.50-21382.0029.95ZO30000000166720
1852-04-29T13:00-8.65-13.381162.61014.028.9VM8NW 3/4 N30.00-19284.0029.94ZO20000000166721
1852-04-30T13:00-6.62-14.881161014.028.9VM8NW 3/4 N37.50-1984.0029.94ZO0000000166722
1852-05-01T13:00-5.40-16.67492.61014.028.9VM8NW 1/4 N28.00-19284.0029.94ONO20000000166723
1852-05-02T13:00-3.28-18.455119.01014.328.3VM8NNW 1/3 W36.00-17883.0029.95ONO80000000166724
1852-05-03T13:00-1.98-19.43514.61014.328.3VM8NNW 1/3 W24.50-17383.0029.95ONO30000000166725
1852-05-04T13:00-0.80-19.63731.01014.328.9VM8N 3/4 W19.25-17184.0029.95O10000000166726
1852-05-05T13:000.82-19.521181.01014.328.9VM8N24.00-17184.0029.95ZO10000000166727
1852-05-06T13:002.18-19.521182.61014.329.4VM8N20.50-17285.0029.95ZO20000000166728
1852-05-07T13:003.25-19.452971.01014.327.8VM8N 1/2 W16.00-18182.0029.95NW10000000166729
1852-05-08T13:004.15-19.223081.01014.328.9VM8NTW 1/2 W11.50-18184.0029.95NWTN10000000166730
1852-05-09T13:005.12-19.73271.01014.327.8VM8NWTN16.50-18182.0029.95NO10000000166731
1852-05-10T13:005.90-20.8751.01013.328.9VM8NW 1/8 W19.25-18184.0029.92NNO10000000166732
1852-05-11T13:006.27-22.053531.01012.630.0VM8NWTW 7/8 W19.00-18186.0029.90NTO10000000166733
1852-05-12T14:006.12-23.073441.01012.628.9VM8W 1/3 N15.50-16184.0029.90N10000000166734
1852-05-13T14:006.48-24.13291.01012.628.9VM8NNW 1/8 W17.50-16184.0029.90NO10000000166735
1852-05-14T14:006.95-25.423552.61012.628.9VM8WNW 1/8 W16.50-16284.0029.90NTO20000000166736
1852-05-15T14:007.60-26.553542.61012.628.9VM8NWTW 1/4 W17.25-17284.0029.90NTO20000000166737
1852-05-16T14:008.25-27.4061.01012.628.9VM8NW 1/2 W16.00-17184.0029.90NNO10000000166738
1852-05-17T14:009.95-29.353119.01014.328.9VM8NW 1/8 W30.50-14884.0029.95NO80000000166739
1852-05-18T14:0011.82-31.373119.01014.326.7VM8NW 1/3 W42.00-14880.0029.95NO80000000166740
1852-05-19T14:0013.88-33.203212.31014.326.7VM8NW 1/4 N42.00-13680.0029.95NO60000000166741
1852-05-20T14:0015.95-34.70321014.326.7VM8NW 1/2 N40.00-1380.0029.95NO0000000166742
1852-05-21T14:0018.10-36.333012.31014.325.6VM8NW 3/4 N41.00-15678.0029.95NO60000000166743
1852-05-22T15:0020.18-37.583312.31014.325.6VM8NNW 3/4 W38.00-12678.0029.95NO60000000166744
1852-05-23T15:0021.33-38.43224.61015.026.7VM8NW 2/3 N25.50-12380.0029.97NOTN30000000166745
1852-05-24T15:0021.98-38.87331.01016.025.6VM8NWTN12.00-12178.0030.00NO10000000166746
1852-05-25T15:0023.15-39.70312.61015.325.6VM8NNW 1/2 W19.25-14278.0029.98NO20000000166747
1852-05-26T15:0024.58-39.95761021.125.6VM8N 1/3 W21.50-1478.0030.15O0000000166748
1852-05-27T15:0026.25-40.22764.61024.124.4VM8NTW25.75-14376.0030.24O30000000166749
1852-05-28T15:0027.48-40.65424.61024.524.4VM8NTW 1/3 W22.50-14376.0030.25NOTO30000000166750
1852-05-29T15:0028.72-41.63282.61026.124.4VM8NNW 1/2 W22.00-17276.0030.30NO20000000166751
1852-05-30T15:0029.28-42.17172.61022.824.4VM8NW12.00-17276.0030.20NOTN20000000166752
1852-05-31T15:0031.72-40.372539.31022.824.4VM8NNW 2/3 W43.50-17576.0030.20W50000000166753
1852-06-01T15:0032.72-38.3821012.623.3VM8NOTO 3/4 O33.00-2174.0029.90NNO0000000166754
1852-06-02T14:0033.42-35.883386.71016.022.2VM8ONO 2/3 O35.50-22472.0030.00N40000000166755
1852-06-03T14:0033.82-33.93121019.423.3VM8O 1/3 N28.00-2274.0030.10NOTN0000000166756
1852-06-04T14:0033.90-33.333490.01022.823.3VM8O 1/2 N8.25-22074.0030.20NTO00000000166757
1852-06-05T14:0033.87-33.020.01019.424.4VM8O2.00-22076.0030.10STIL0000000166758
1852-06-06T14:0034.13-32.632030.01024.526.7VM8NNO 1/4 O7.00-22080.0030.25ZW00000000166759
1852-06-07T14:0034.80-32.502920.01026.128.9VM8N 1/2 O10.00-23084.0030.30NW00000000166760
1852-06-08T14:0035.38-31.571571.01022.828.9VM8NOTO 2/3 O15.25-23184.0030.20Z10000000166761
1852-06-09T14:0035.47-30.07221022.826.7VM8O18.75-2380.0030.20NO0000000166762
1852-06-10T14:0036.33-31.502215.41026.122.2VM8NW 7/8 N16.75-23772.0030.30NO70000000166763
1852-06-11T14:0037.40-28.833151024.521.1VM8ONO35.00-2370.0030.25NNW0000000166764
1852-06-12T14:0037.13-26.77334.61017.720.0VM8OZO 7/8 O27.50-23368.0030.05NOTO30000000166765
1852-06-13T14:0037.33-26.500.01022.825.6VM8NNO 2/3 O4.00-23078.0030.20STIL0000000166766
1852-06-14T14:0037.98-26.320.01026.123.3VM8NNO 1/3 O11.00-25074.0030.30STIL0000000166767
1852-06-15T14:0039.27-25.172451.01029.524.4VM8NO 3/4 N24.00-25176.0030.40W10000000166768
1852-06-16T13:0041.32-22.133131022.822.2VM8NO 1/8 O43.00-2572.0030.20NNW0000000166769
1852-06-17T13:0043.08-18.522771014.318.9VM8NO 1/2 O43.50-2766.0029.95NWTW0000000166770
1852-06-18T13:0044.70-16.4831212.31014.318.9VM8NO 1/8 O35.50-26666.0029.95NNW60000000166771
1852-06-19T13:0045.82-13.931771010.920.0VM8NOTO 1/2 O31.00-2668.0029.85ZZW0000000166772
1852-06-20T13:0046.48-11.322694.61009.218.3VM8ONO 1/4 O29.50-24365.0029.80WNW30000000166773
1852-06-21T13:0047.88-8.252671010.920.0VM8NO 2/3 O38.50-2668.0029.85WNW0000000166774
1852-06-22T12:0049.37-5.552244.61010.920.0VM8NO 1/2 N34.00-24368.0029.85WZW30000000166775
1852-06-23T12:0050.13-3.252466.71010.920.01VM8NOTO 1/8 O26.50-24468.0029.85W40000000166776
1852-06-24T12:0050.480.252486.71019.420.01VM8ONO 1/3 O30.50-22468.0030.10W40000000166777
1852-06-25T12:0051.473.202514.61019.421.11VM8NO 3/4 O21.25-19370.0030.10W30000000166778
1852-06-26T00:00794.61012.621.11VM816.50370.0029.90OTN30000000166779