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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MERCATOR cruise from Nederland to Batavia started at 1851-09-05 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750717, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -8.456486 * Median Longitude: 21.392793 * South-bound Latitude: -40.050000 * West-bound Longitude: -26.970000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.100000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1851-09-05T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-01-04T05:00:00
Event(s):
Mercator_18510905_H_REIS_5_P99-125 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1851-09-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1852-01-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Mercator (Bark), Voyage: Nederland - Batavia, 1st Observer: J. Poort (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
12 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
17 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 CommentComment
27 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2028 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
12 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
17 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
26 
Comment
27 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1851-09-05T12:0050.10-3.60446.71027.817.21VM829.00-24463.0030.35ONO40000000166535
1851-09-06T12:0048.90-6.536619.01027.817.8VM8ZWTW34.50-24864.0030.35O80000000166536
1851-09-07T13:0046.60-10.106619.01029.519.4VM8ZW 1/4 Z50.50-24867.0030.40O80000000166537
1851-09-08T13:0044.15-12.628719.01028.920.6VM8ZZW 2/3 W47.00-26869.0030.38OZO80000000166538
1851-09-09T13:0041.20-14.33896.71019.421.1VM8ZZW48.50-24470.0030.10OZO40000000166539
1851-09-10T13:0039.43-15.251111.01039.723.3VM8ZZW27.50-24174.0030.70ZO10000000166540
1851-09-11T13:0037.45-16.551132.61016.024.4VM8ZZW30.75-22276.0030.00ZO20000000166541
1851-09-12T13:0036.45-17.20681.01017.726.1VM8ZZW 1/4 W17.50-22179.0030.05O10000000166542
1851-09-13T13:0036.35-17.270.01019.426.1VM8-2279.0030.10STIL0000000166543
1851-09-14T13:0035.97-17.031581.01022.825.6VM8Z 1/4 O7.75-22178.0030.20Z10000000166544
1851-09-15T13:0035.93-17.200.01024.527.2VM8N 1/4 Z2.50-22081.0030.25STIL0000000166545
1851-09-16T13:0035.57-18.101804.61017.724.4VM8ZWTW 1/2 W11.50-23376.0030.05ZZW30000000a trivial correction was made in this observation166546
1851-09-17T13:0035.20-18.102702.61014.326.1VM8ZZO 1/2 O5.33-23279.0029.95WNW20000000166547
1851-09-18T13:0034.18-16.421021014.324.4VM8ZO 7/8 O24.75-2276.0029.95ZOTO0000000166548
1851-09-19T13:0034.35-17.23203VM8WTN15.75-22ZW0000000166549
1851-09-20T13:0033.80-18.671571016.024.4VM8WZW22.25-2376.0030.00Z0000000166550
1851-09-21T13:0032.42-19.6011419.01017.725.6VM8ZZW 2/3 W25.25-21878.0030.05ZO80000000166551
1851-09-22T13:0030.58-21.101372.61019.426.1VM8ZWTZ34.50-21279.0030.10ZZO20000000166552
1851-09-23T13:0028.42-21.88924.61022.826.7VM8ZTW 5/8 W32.75-21380.0030.20OZO30000000166553
1851-09-24T14:0025.93-22.65709.31022.826.7VM8ZTW 1/8 W38.00-20580.0030.20O50000000166554
1851-09-25T14:0022.83-23.77709.31019.426.7VM8ZTW 1/2 W45.00-20580.0030.10O50000000166555
1851-09-26T14:0019.57-25.057219.01016.027.2VM8ZTW 1/2 W52.00-18881.0030.00O80000000166556
1851-09-27T14:0016.85-26.037312.31010.925.6VM8ZTW 2/3 W43.00-17678.0029.85O60000000166557
1851-09-28T14:0015.78-26.731521.0VM8ZW 2/3 W15.25-171ZTO10000000166558
1851-09-29T14:0014.53-26.97964.6VM8Z 2/3 W19.00-173OZO30000000166559
1851-09-30T14:0012.40-26.177419.0VM8ZTO 1/2 O32.50-168O80000000166560
1851-10-01T14:0011.43-26.18741.0VM8ZTO13.50-161O10000000166561
1851-10-02T14:0010.03-25.63362VM8ZTO 7/8 O22.50-16RONDLOPEND0000000166562
1851-10-03T14:009.22-25.57291.0VM8ZZO11.50-161NO10000000166563
1851-10-04T14:008.48-25.10232VM8ZZO 7/8 O13.00-16WZW0000000166564
1851-10-05T14:008.32-24.402990.0VM8ZO 3/4 O13.50-160NW00000000166565
1851-10-06T14:007.30-23.172541.0VM8ZTO 3/4 O14.25-161W10000000166566
1851-10-07T13:005.65-21.431856.7VM8ZO 1/3 Z31.00-184ZZW40000000166567
1851-10-08T13:005.43-19.0016212.3VM8OTZ30.50-186Z60000000166568
1851-10-09T13:005.00-17.33184VM8OZO 2/3 O25.75-19ZZW0000000166569
1851-10-10T13:004.43-16.301842.6VM8OZO 1/8 O16.25-192ZZW20000000166570
1851-10-11T13:004.25-15.451612.6VM8OZO 7/8 O13.25-192Z20000000166571
1851-10-12T13:004.13-15.071611.0VM8OZO 1/2 O6.00-191Z10000000166572
1851-10-13T13:003.25-14.2516112.3VM8ZW 1/2 W15.75-196Z60000000166573
1851-10-14T13:002.87-14.1317212.3VM8Z 3/4 O5.25-196ZTW60000000166574
1851-10-15T13:001.75-15.921509.3VM8ZWTW27.00-195ZTO50000000166575
1851-10-16T13:000.32-17.60163VM8ZW26.50-17Z0000000166576
1851-10-17T13:00-2.03-19.5714119.0VM8ZW 1/3 Z39.50-178ZZO80000000166577
1851-10-18T13:00-4.30-20.831189.3VM8ZZW 1/3 W36.50-175ZO50000000166578
1851-10-19T13:00-6.83-21.37734.6VM8ZTW 1/4 W36.50-173O30000000166579
1851-10-20T13:00-9.12-22.3012919.0VM8ZZW36.50-178ZOTZ80000000166580
1851-10-21T14:00-11.87-23.20110VM8ZZW 1/4 W41.50-14ZOTO0000000166581
1851-10-22T14:00-14.23-23.631219.3VM8ZTW33.50-145ZO50000000166582
1851-10-23T13:00-16.47-22.032919.0VM8ZZO 7/8 O35.50-168NO80000000166583
1851-10-24T13:00-18.63-20.32522.6VM8ZO 2/3 Z40.50-162ONO20000000166584
1851-10-25T13:00-20.52-18.03294.6VM8ZO 1/2 Z34.50-163NO30000000166585
1851-10-26T13:00-22.78-16.32502.6VM8ZO 1/2 Z37.50-182ONO20000000166586
1851-10-27T13:00-25.32-14.185019.0VM8ZO 3/4 Z42.50-188ONO80000000166587
1851-10-28T13:00-27.42-11.65246.7VM8ZO 1/3 Z45.50-214NO40000000166588
1851-10-29T13:00-28.90-9.35364.6VM8ZO 1/3 O35.00-203NOTO30000000166589
1851-10-30T12:00-29.92-7.082922.6VM8ZO 2/3 O28.50-232NW20000000166590
1851-10-31T12:00-30.95-5.122026.7VM8ZO 3/4 O29.75-234ZW40000000166591
1851-11-01T12:00-32.20-2.182009.3VM8ZOTO 1/8 O43.00-255ZW50000000166592
1851-11-02T12:00-33.230.75179VM8ZOTO 1/2 O33.50-24ZZW0000000166593
1851-11-03T12:00-33.352.00891.0VM8OTZ13.75-241OZO10000000166594
1851-11-04T12:00-34.534.12424.6VM8ZOTO 1/4 O30.00-263ONO30000000166595
1851-11-05T12:00-34.605.003610.0VM8OZO 1/4 O9.50-260STIL00000000166596
1851-11-06T12:00-34.426.501544.6VM8O 1/3 N18.50-263Z30000000166597
1851-11-07T11:00-34.409.9618619.0VM8O 1/8 Z39.00-288ZWTZ80000000166598
1851-11-08T11:00-34.1813.42185VM8O43.25-29ZWTZ0000000166599
1851-11-09T11:00-34.5515.75174VM8O 2/3 Z27.25-29ZZW0000000166600
1851-11-10T00:0010000000166601
1851-11-19T11:00-34.1717.381742.6VM8ZZW 1/3 W6.25-292ZZW20000000166602
1851-11-20T11:00-34.4218.531504.6VM8ZOTO 3/4 O14.00-303Z30000000166603
1851-11-21T11:00-36.4319.253086.7VM8ZZO 1/3 O34.50-304NNW40000000166604
1851-11-22T10:00-38.4722.902626.7VM8ZO 7/8 O54.00-314WNW40000000166605
1851-11-23T10:00-38.5025.62284VM8O 1/2 Z43.50-31NW0000000166606
1851-11-24T10:00-38.6227.172391.0VM8OTZ14.50-311W10000000166607
1851-11-25T10:00-39.0731.3227319.0VM8O 1/2 Z42.50-318NWTW80000000166608
1851-11-26T10:00-39.2334.483524.6VM8O 1/8 Z41.50-313NNO30000000166609
1851-11-27T09:00-39.1239.482406.7VM8O 1/8 N51.50-304W40000000166610
1851-11-28T09:00-39.2742.703312.6VM8O 1/3 Z34.50-292N20000000166611
1851-11-29T09:00-39.4047.6533222.6VM8O 1/8 Z58.00-289N90000000166612
1851-11-30T09:00-39.5050.702874.6VM8O31.50-283NW30000000166613
1851-12-01T08:00-39.3253.78362VM8O 1/3 N36.00-27RONDLOPEND0000000166614
1851-12-02T08:00-39.4257.082211.0VM8O 1/2 Z29.75-271WZW10000000166615
1851-12-03T08:00-39.6561.331915.4VM8OTZ49.50-267NO70000000166616
1851-12-04T08:00-40.0565.4220VM8O 1/2 Z43.50-25NO0000000166617
1851-12-05T07:00-39.6069.37246VM8ONO 7/8 O34.50-24W0000000166618
1851-12-06T07:00-39.3874.533156.7VM8OTN50.00-234NNW40000000166619
1851-12-07T07:00-38.5878.183166.7VM8ONO 1/3 O43.00-224NNW40000000166620
1851-12-08T07:00-38.1081.302934.6VM8ONO 3/4 O39.75-223NW30000000166621
1851-12-09T06:00-37.1283.572542.6VM8NOTO 1/2 O31.00-162W20000000166622
1851-12-10T06:00-35.9886.472096.7VM8NOTO 1/2 O32.00-164ZW40000000166623
1851-12-11T06:00-34.5288.28131VM8NO30.50-15ZOTZ0000000166624
1851-12-12T06:00-34.1388.25750.0VM8NNO 7/8 O6.75-150O00000000166625
1851-12-13T06:00-34.0389.133610.0VM8-150STIL00000000166626
1851-12-14T06:00-34.0890.0081.0VM8O 1/8 Z14.50-151NNO10000000166627
1851-12-15T06:00-33.2392.783584.6VM8ONO 1/3 O34.50-133NTO30000000166628
1851-12-16T06:00-32.0895.503504.6VM8NOTO 1/2 O38.00-103N30000000166629
1851-12-17T05:00-30.5098.173406.7VM8NO 3/4 O37.50-94NTW40000000166630
1851-12-18T05:00-28.20100.033064.6VM8NO 1/3 N36.50-93NW30000000166631
1851-12-19T05:00-26.10101.473094.6VM8NTO 7/8 O34.00-63NW30000000166632
1851-12-20T05:00-24.60101.923322.6VM8NTO18.25-62NNW20000000a trivial correction was made in this observation166633
1851-12-21T05:00-22.72101.981742.6VM8N 1/8 O38.25-62Z20000000166634
1851-12-22T05:00-19.30102.33109VM8N48.50-4OZO0000000166635
1851-12-23T05:00-16.43102.181336.7VM8N 1/4 W44.00-24ZO40000000166636
1851-12-24T05:00-14.05102.0216712.3VM8N 1/2 W39.00-26ZTO60000000166637
1851-12-25T05:00-11.43101.681354.6VM8N 1/2 W38.5003ZO30000000166638
1851-12-26T05:00-9.85101.501584.6VM8N 1/ W28.0003ZZO30000000166639
1851-12-27T05:00-8.80101.851351.0VM8NTO 1/2 O16.0001ZO10000000166640
1851-12-28T05:00-8.20102.083620.0VM8NTO 1/2 O10.0000RONDLOPEND00000000166641
1851-12-29T05:00-7.57102.271350.0VM8NTO 1/2 O10.0000ZO00000000166642
1851-12-30T05:00-7.85102.383610.0VM800STIL00000000a trivial correction was made in this observation166643
1851-12-31T05:00-7.28102.503610.0VM8NNO 1/2 O9.5010STIL00000000166644
1852-01-01T05:00-6.27103.572712.6VM8NO 1/3 N24.0012W20000000166645
1852-01-04T05:00-6.10106.86110000000166646