Not logged in
PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MEERMIN cruise from St. Maarten to Suriname started at 1848-01-21 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750691, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.

RIS CitationBibTeX CitationShow MapGoogle Earth

Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 16.023158 * Median Longitude: -56.958421 * South-bound Latitude: 5.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -62.970000 * North-bound Latitude: 22.250000 * East-bound Longitude: -52.270000
Date/Time Start: 1848-01-21T16:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-02-08T16:00:00
Event(s):
Meermin_18480121_MAR_D23905_3061 * Latitude Start: 17.820000 * Longitude Start: -63.010000 * Latitude End: 6.180000 * Longitude End: -55.410000 * Date/Time Start: 1848-01-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1848-02-08T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Meermin (Brik), Voyage: St. Maarten - Suriname, 1st Observer: I.A. Houtman (Kapitein), Company: MAR, Other ship information: BEWAPEND MET ZESTIEN STUKKEN A 30 POND (COUNNADES). TWEE STUKKEN A DERTIG POND (GRANAATKANONS). TWEE STUKKEN A 8 POND (KANONS). BEMAND MET 110 KOPPEN
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
14 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
15 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
16 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the third landmark
17 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
18 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
19 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
20 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
21 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
22 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
23 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
24 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
25 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
26 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
27 Current speed descriptionV descr
28 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
29 Present weatherwwWeather description
30 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
31 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
32 Cloud typeCloud type
33 ClearnessClearness
34 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
35 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
36 FogFog1 If fog was reported
37 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
38 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
39 HailHail1 If hail was reported
40 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
41 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
531 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
14 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
15 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
16 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the third landmark)
17 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
18 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
19 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
20 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
21 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
22 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
23 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
24 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
25 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
26 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
27 
V descr
28 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
29 
ww
(Weather description)
30 
Precip descr
31 
State sea descr
32 
Cloud type
33 
Clearness
34 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
35 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
36 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
37 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
38 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
39 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
40 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
41 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1848-01-21T16:0018.47-62.681141.01020.026.1SHOAL (GIS)ZO W/Z Z13SOMBRERO (GIS)W 3/4 N22VM8179.00765.00OTZ-OZOFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165022
1848-01-22T16:0019.35-62.97910.01020.026.1ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)ZOTO75BERBUDAS RIF (GIS)ZZO 1/8 O25HANNAS RIF (GIS)NW 1/4 W14VM8NTW 1/2 W14.00179.00765.00ONW 1/2 W5.5FLAUWE KOELTE, STILHOGE DEINING UIT HET ONOHELDERE LUCHT0000000165023
1848-01-23T16:0020.38-62.95912.61022.725.0ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)ZO 1/4 O83BERBUDASRIF (GIS)ZTO 5/8 O39HANNAS RIF (GIS)ZWTW 3/4 W13VM8N15.50177.00767.00ONTW 1/2 W3.75FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000165024
1848-01-24T16:0021.65-62.721022.61022.724.4ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)ZO 5/8 Z95BARBUDAS RIF (GIS)Z 3/4 O57WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZZO 1/4 O261VM8N 7/8 O19.25176.00767.00OTN-OTZNNO 5/8 O4.75FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165025
1848-01-25T16:0022.25-62.773610.01018.725.0WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZZO 3/16 O271ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)ZZO 7/8 O108BERBUDAS RIF (GIS)Z 3/4 O66VM8N 3/8 W9.25177.00764.00ONO-STILW0.5FLAUWE KOELTE, STILMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165026
1848-01-26T16:0022.07-61.503144.6WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZTO 7/8 O258ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)ZZO 3/8 O91VM8O 3/4 Z18.00-1NNW-NWZO 3/8 O4.25ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000165027
1848-01-27T16:0021.83-58.772352.61013.324.4WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZTO 1/8 O244ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)Z W/Z O78VM8O 1/2 Z38.25-176.00760.00WZW-ZWTWO W/Z Z6.25ONGESTADIGE KOELTEHOGE DEINING UIT HET NNWOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT1000000165028
1848-01-28T16:0020.37-57.202222.61015.323.9WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)Z 3/4 O219ST MARTINSRIF (GIS)ZTW 7/8 W55VM8ZO31.25-375.00761.50ZZW-ZWO 7/8 Z4.25ONGESTADIGE FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWEINIG REGENBUIÏGE LUCHT, OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100000165029
1848-01-29T16:0019.17-55.582336.71020.024.4WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)Z 1/4 O199VM8ZO 5/8 O29.00-376.00765.00ZZW-ZWTWO5.5STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165030
1848-01-30T16:0017.35-54.172242.61020.025.6WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)Z 3/8 W172VM8ZO 3/4 Z34.00-178.00765.00ZTW-ZWOZO 5/8 O5.75FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165031
1848-01-31T16:0016.35-53.522920.61021.325.6WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)Z 3/4 W156VM8ZZO 3/4 O17.75-178.00766.00WZW-WNWZO 1/2 O4.5ZEER FLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165032
1848-02-01T16:0015.67-53.023370.01022.725.6WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZTW148VM8ZO 3/4 Z12.50-178.00767.00NNWZO 1/8 O6.5FLAUWE KOELTE, STILMOOI WEERHOGE DEINING UIT HET NHELDERE LUCHT0000000165033
1848-02-02T16:0015.05-52.91671.01021.325.0WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZTW 1/8 W140VM8ZTO 3/4 O5.50-177.00766.00ONOFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000165034
1848-02-03T16:0013.98-52.75674.61022.725.0WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZTW 3/8 W127VM8Z 3/4 O16.25-177.00767.00NOTO-ONOW 3/4 Z4BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBUIÏGE LUCHT1000000165035
1848-02-04T15:0012.05-52.27544.61020.025.6WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZZW 1/8 W101VM8ZTO 1/4 O30.00-278.00765.00ONO-NOTOZTW 1/4 W5.5ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWEINIG REGENBUIÏGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1100000165036
1848-02-05T16:009.37-52.506612.31020.026.1WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZW 3/4 Z63VM8Z 3/8 W40.50-279.00765.00ONOZW 3/8 Z2.25ONGESTADIGE STIJVE KOELTEGOED WEERBUIÏGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1000000165037
1848-02-06T16:007.03-53.93476.71022.727.2WARAPPA KREEK (GIS)ZW 1/8 Z23VM8ZZW 3/4 W41.00281.00767.00ONO-NONWTW 1/8 W7ONGESTADIGE STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERLICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000165038
1848-02-07T16:006.22-54.85702.0VM82ONOAFNEMENDE KOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000165039
1848-02-08T16:005.83-55.15120000000165040