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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MEERMIN cruise from Nederland to Suriname started at 1845-07-06 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750677, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 29.661400 * Median Longitude: -24.512400 * South-bound Latitude: 5.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -55.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.470000 * East-bound Longitude: 4.270000
Date/Time Start: 1845-07-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1845-08-24T16:00:00
Event(s):
Meermin_18450706_MAR_D23905_3061 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: 6.180000 * Longitude End: -55.410000 * Date/Time Start: 1845-07-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1845-08-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Meermin (Brik), Voyage: Nederland - Suriname, 1st Observer: I.A. Houtman (Kapitein), Company: MAR, Other ship information: BEWAPEND MET ZESTIEN STUKKEN A 30 POND (COUNNADES). TWEE STUKKEN A DERTIG POND (GRANAATKANONS). TWEE STUKKEN A 8 POND (KANONS). BEMAND MET 110 KOPPEN
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
14 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
15 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
16 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
17 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
18 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
19 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
20 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
21 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
22 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
23 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
24 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
25 Current speed descriptionV descr
26 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
27 Present weatherwwWeather description
28 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
29 Cloud typeCloud type
30 ClearnessClearness
31 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
32 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
33 FogFog1 If fog was reported
34 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
35 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
36 HailHail1 If hail was reported
37 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
38 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1321 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
14 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
15 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
16 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
17 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
18 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
19 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
20 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
21 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
22 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
23 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
24 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
25 
V descr
26 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
27 
ww
(Weather description)
28 
Precip descr
29 
Cloud type
30 
Clearness
31 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
32 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
33 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
34 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
35 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
36 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
37 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
38 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1845-07-06T12:0052.474.27932.9HAARLEM, TORENO 1/2 Z3SCHEVENINGEN (GIS)Z 1/3 O51VM8WZW1.50-20O-OZOFRISSE ONGESTADIGE KOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT, HEIÏGE LUCHT0000000164837
1845-07-07T12:0052.342.603620.01021.318.9GALLOUPE, VUUR (GIS)ZW 2/3 Z10SCHOUWEN (GIS)ZO 1/2 O141VM8WTN16.50-2066.00766.00ZW-T COMPAS RONDFRISSE EN AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, STILOPKLARENDE LUCHTHEIÏGE LUCHT0000000164838
1845-07-08T12:0051.882.802502.61022.716.11VM8ZTO11.00SYMPISIOMETER: 766-2061.00767.00WTZ-WFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHEIÏGE LUCHT0000000164839
1845-07-09T12:0051.422.342026.71022.715.6GALOUPE, VUURSCHIP (GIS)W 1/2 N61VM8ZO 1/2 Z4.25SYMPISIOMETER: 766-2360.00767.00ZWMARSZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164840
1845-07-10T12:0052.003.531834.6GOEDEREEDE (GIS)ZO 1/2 O41VM8ONO15.25-20ZZWONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBUIÏGE LUCHT1100000164841
1845-07-11T12:0052.123.001836.71021.316.7GALLOPE, VUURSCHIP (GIS)ZWTW 1/3 W11SCHOUWEN, VUUR (GIS)ZO 1/3 O91VM8WNW 1/2 W6.00SYMPISIOMETER: 765-2062.00766.00ZW-ZZWSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164842
1845-07-12T12:0051.071.372704.01021.313.3DOVER, KASTEELNWTNZUID VOORLAND, VUURN 3/4 W1VM8ZW 1/8 Z21.00SYMPISIOMETER: 765-2356.00766.00WNWSTIJVE AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000164843
1845-07-13T12:0050.730.701121.0BEVEZIERWZWHASTINGS, HOEKNNO 1/2 O1VM8ZW 1/2 W8.25-23ZW-ZOFLAUWE KOELTE EN STILREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT0100000164844
1845-07-14T12:0050.62-0.032922.61022.716.4BEVEZIER, O HOEKONO 1/4 ONEWHAVENNNW 3/4 W1VM8ZWTW 1/4 W3.50SYMPISIOMETER: 765-2361.50767.00W-NWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164845
1845-07-15T12:0050.32-2.402922.61029.314.4PORTLAND VURENN W/Z W31VM8WTZ24.00SYMPISIOMETER: 771-2358.00772.00NWTN-NWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164846
1845-07-16T12:0050.15-4.312004.61029.313.3EDDDY STONENW 1/2 W11VM8W 5/8 Z17.50SYMPISIOMETER: 771-2556.00772.00NW-ZWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000164847
1845-07-17T12:0049.90-4.922114.61026.713.3LEZARD (GIS)WNW3VM8ZWTW 3/4 W9.50SYMPISIOMETER: 769-2556.00770.00WZW-ZWTWBRAMZEILSKOELTEMISTBETROKKEN LUCHT0010000164848
1845-07-18T12:0049.65-5.312001.01026.716.1LANDS ENDNNW 3/4 WVM8ZW 1/4 Z5.00SYMPISIOMETER: 769-2561.00770.00ZWFLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000164849
1845-07-19T13:0048.78-7.911081.01021.318.9KAAP FINISTERRE (KAART JOHN PURDY) (GIS)Z 1/4 W93VM8ZWTW 5/8 W29.00SYMPISIOMETER: 763-2766.00766.00OZO-ZOFRISSE KOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000164850
1845-07-20T13:0047.68-9.741082.91021.315.6KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)Z 1/3 O71VM8ZW 1/4 Z22.50SYMPISIOMETER: 765-2760.00766.00ZOTZ-ZOAANNEMENDE KOELTEGOED WEERBETROKKEN LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000164851
1845-07-21T13:0046.30-11.8515612.31009.315.6KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)ZZO 1/2 O57VM8ZW 1/4 W29.25SYMPISIOMETER: 755-2460.00757.00OZO-ZSTIJVE EN ONGESTADIGE KOELTEBUIÏGE LUCHT, WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1000000164852
1845-07-22T13:0044.58-14.163572.61013.320.0KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)ZOTO 3/4 O60VM8ZW 1/8 Z35.50SYMPISIOMETER: 758-2668.00760.00NO-NNOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000164853
1845-07-23T13:0041.33-15.032914.61024.020.6ST VINCENT (GIS)ZO 1/3 O95VM8ZTW 1/8 W50.00SYMPISIOMETER: 765-2469.00768.00NWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164854
1845-07-24T13:0038.67-15.722804.61025.318.3KAAP ST VINCENT (GIS)OZO 1/2 O81VM8Z 7/8 W41.00SYMPISIOMETER: 767-2465.00769.00NWTWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164855
1845-07-25T13:0037.33-15.963161.01032.023.3KAAP ST VINCENT (GIS)O 1/4 Z80VM8Z 3/4 W19.00SYMPISIOMETER: 768-2274.00774.00NNWFLAUWE KOELTE EN STILMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000164856
1845-07-26T13:0036.90-16.05680.0KAAP ST VINCENT (GIS)O 1/4 N83VM8ZTW 1/8 W6.50-22STIL-OSTIL EN FLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000164857
1845-07-27T13:0035.78-16.633161.01033.321.1MADERA (GIS)Z 1/2 W45VM8ZZW 1/8 W18.00SYMPISIOMETER: 774-2270.00775.00NNO-NNWFLAUWE KOELTE EN AANWAKKERENDE KOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000164858
1845-07-28T13:0033.58-17.37234.61034.722.2MADERA (GIS)Z 3/4 O11VM8ZTW 3/8 W34.50SYMPISIOMETER: 769-2272.00776.00NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEEROVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164859
1845-07-29T13:0031.17-19.23244.6PALMA (GIS)ZZO38VM8ZW 1/4 W29.75-21NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164860
1845-07-30T13:0029.42-21.31242.61028.022.8PALMA (GIS)OZO 1/8 O44VM8ZW W/Z W38.50SYMPISIOMETER: 764-2173.00771.00NOTO-NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000164861
1845-07-31T14:0028.17-23.20242.6FERRO (GIS)O 1/2 Z68VM8ZW 5/8 W31.50-21NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000164862
1845-08-01T14:0026.82-24.82262.61030.724.4MAROWIJNERIVIER, MONDING (GIS)ZW 2/3 W524VM8ZW 1/8 W29.50SYMPISIOMETER: 764-1976.00773.00NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164863
1845-08-02T14:0025.13-26.70262.61029.325.6MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZW 3/4 W489VM8ZW35.50SYMPISIOMETER: 764-1978.00772.00NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHEIÏGE LUCHT0000000164864
1845-08-03T14:0023.57-28.43272.61028.025.6MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZW 3/4 W453VM8ZW33.00SYMPISIOMETER: 763-1878.00771.00NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBETROKKEN LUCHT0000000164865
1845-08-04T14:0022.28-28.67522.6MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZW 3/4 W420VM8ZW 3/8 W31.50-16NO-ONOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBETROKKEN LUCHT0000000164866
1845-08-05T14:0020.83-31.53294.61028.026.7MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZW 7/8 W390VM8ZW W/Z Z28.75SYMPISIOMETER: 763-1680.00771.00NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEEROVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164867
1845-08-06T14:0018.67-33.79424.61026.727.8MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW351VM8ZW45.50SYMPISIOMETER: 761-1482.00770.00NOTN-NOTOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBUIÏGE LUCHT1000000164868
1845-08-07T14:0016.98-36.32562.6MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 1/8 W309VM8ZW 7/8 W44.00-12ONOWZW 1/2 W2.25FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHEIÏGE LUCHT0000000164869
1845-08-08T15:0015.51-38.37592.61028.028.3MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)Z 58° W274VM8ZW 3/4 W37.25SYMPISIOMETER: 762-983.00771.00ONOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000164870
1845-08-09T15:0014.10-40.41472.61028.028.3MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 1/4 W238VM8ZW 7/8 W35.50SYMPISIOMETER: 761-983.00771.00NNO-NOTOZZW 3/4 W3ONGESTADIGE KOELTEGOED WEERBETROKKEN LUCHT, OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000164871
1845-08-10T15:0012.90-42.23472.6MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 1/4 W204VM8ZWTW32.00-9NOTOZW 3/4 W2.25FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000164872
1845-08-11T15:0011.93-43.75522.91026.727.2MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)Z 59,5° W177VM8ZWTW26.75SYMPISIOMETER: 761-481.00770.00O-NOTOFLAUWE KOELTE AANWAKKERENDE KOELTEREGENOPKLARENDE LUCHT0100000164873
1845-08-12T15:0011.10-44.772662.61025.327.2MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 3/8 W158VM8ZW 3/8 W12.75SYMPISIOMETER: 759-481.00769.00NWTW-WZW 5/8 W6.5FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT, OPKLARENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000164874
1845-08-13T15:0010.90-45.651544.9MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 1/4 W146VM8WZW 7/8 W13.25-4STIL-ZZOW4.5STIL, AANWAKKERENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBETROKKEN LUCHT0000000164875
1845-08-14T15:0010.82-46.921764.61026.727.2MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZW 7/8 W128VM8W 1/3 Z18.75SYMPISIOMETER: 760-481.00770.00ZFLAUWE AANWAKKERENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT1100000164876
1845-08-15T15:0010.12-47.472894.61024.025.6MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW115VM8ZW 3/4 Z13.25SYMPISIOMETER: 761-478.00768.00NW-WNWZZW 1/2 W3FLAUWE AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT1100000164877
1845-08-16T15:0010.05-47.933614.0MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZW 7/8 W107VM8W 3/4 Z7.50-1ZW-STILNWTW1.75FLAUWE KOELTE TOT STIL, AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT, OPKLARENDE LUCHT0100000164878
1845-08-17T15:009.68-48.502132.91022.726.1MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW W/Z Z98VM8ZWTW 1/8 W10.00SYMPISIOMETER: 759-179.00767.00N-ZWTZFLAUWE AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, AANWAKKERENDE KOELTEREGENBETROKKEN LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT1100000164879
1845-08-18T15:009.52-48.973141.01024.030.3MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW W/Z Z91VM8WZW 3/8 W7.25SYMPISIOMETER: 758-186.50768.00STIL-NWN 3/4 W5.5STIL, DOORKOMEND ZUCHTJE UIT HET NWGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000164880
1845-08-19T15:006.87-50.071351.0MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)WZW 3/4 W60VM8ZTW 3/8 W43.000ZOZ 3/4 O23.5FRISSE KOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHHELDERE LUCHT0000000164881
1845-08-20T15:006.82-52.471584.61026.728.3MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 1/4 W26VM8W 1/3 Z36.00SYMPISIOMETER: 760083.00770.00ZO-ZZONW 5/8 N15.5BRAMZEILSKOELTEWEINIG REGENONGESTADIGE WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT0100000164882
1845-08-21T16:006.22-53.48701.01024.029.4MAROWIJNE RIVIER (GIS)ZWTW 1/8 W8VM8ZWTW 3/8 W17.75SYMPISIOMETER: 758285.00768.00O-ONONW8FLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000164883
1845-08-22T16:006.03-54.023610.01024.029.4MAROWIJNE RIVIER, O HOEKZ 1/2 OWIA WIA KREEK (?)Z 3/8 WVM8WNW0.50SYMPISIOMETER: 757285.00768.00NNO-STILFLAUWE DOORKOMENDE KOELTE, DAARNA STILTE0000000164884
1845-08-23T16:006.03-54.68474.61025.329.4VM8W10.00SYMPISIOMETER: 759285.00769.00ZO-NOW1.75FLAUWE AANNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000164885
1845-08-24T16:005.83-55.151604.61VM82ZO-ZZOFRISSE AFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWARM WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000164886