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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MARIA cruise from Batavia to Rotterdam started at 1838-07-13 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750615, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -3.719515 * Median Longitude: 12.718738 * South-bound Latitude: -35.480000 * West-bound Longitude: -32.880000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.000000 * East-bound Longitude: 102.700000
Date/Time Start: 1838-07-13T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-10-23T12:00:00
Event(s):
Maria_18380713_B_REIS_13 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.900000 * Longitude End: 3.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1838-07-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-10-23T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maria, Voyage: Batavia - Rotterdam, 1st Observer: D. Keus (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
10 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
11 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
12 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
13 Present weatherwwWeather description
14 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
15 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
16 Cloud typeCloud type
17 ClearnessClearness
18 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
19 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
20 FogFog1 If fog was reported
21 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
22 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
23 HailHail1 If hail was reported
24 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
25 CommentComment
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1724 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

-

Decl [deg]

Wind scale ref [#]
10 
Reading [arbitrary units]
11 
Wind dir descr
12 
Wind force descr
13 
ww
14 
Precip descr
15 
State sea descr
16 
Cloud type
17 
Clearness
18 
Gusts
19 
Rain
20 
Fog
21 
Snow
22 
Thunder
23 
Hail
24 
Sea ice
25 
Comment
26 
ID
1838-07-13T05:00-7.20102.701369.31009.21529.80ZO50000000160756
1838-07-14T05:00-8.4299.871019.31009.20529.80OTZ5V010000000160757
1838-07-15T06:00-9.8296.921126.71009.2-1429.80OZO4H000000000160758
1838-07-16T06:00-11.4894.401792.61009.2-1229.80Z2V010000000160759
1838-07-17T06:00-11.9293.451686.71009.2-1429.80ZTO4V04H000000000160760
1838-07-18T06:00-12.3291.181682.61009.2-1229.80ZTO2H000000000160761
1838-07-19T06:00-13.0089.451679.31007.5-2529.75ZTO50000000160762
1838-07-20T06:00-13.9887.051774.61009.2-3329.80Z30000000160763
1838-07-21T06:00-14.8785.1517712.31009.2-3629.80Z6W20V100100000160764
1838-07-22T07:00-15.6382.3813212.31009.2-3629.80ZO60000000160765
1838-07-23T07:00-16.8377.921329.31016.0-3530.00ZO5W20V100100000160766
1838-07-24T07:00-18.3075.081299.31016.0-6530.00ZO5W200100000160767
1838-07-25T07:00-19.8071.981289.31016.0-7530.00ZO50000000160768
1838-07-26T07:00-21.2769.00949.31016.0-7530.00OTZ5W00W20V03H001100000160769
1838-07-27T08:00-22.8266.55449.31016.0-12530.00NOTO5W200100000160770
1838-07-28T08:00-23.7564.12449.31016.0-12530.00NOTO50000000160771
1838-07-29T08:00-24.2062.072676.7-144WTN4W00W20V011100000160772
1838-07-30T08:00-25.4860.231894.61010.9-14329.85ZZW30000000160773
1838-07-31T08:00-24.7758.736512.31016.0-14630.00OTN60000000160774
1838-08-01T08:00-25.5255.73869.31019.4-16530.10OTZ50000000160775
1838-08-02T09:00-26.4352.40729.31019.4-18530.10O5H000000000160776
1838-08-03T09:00-27.7249.45249.31019.4-21530.10NO5H000000000160777
1838-08-04T09:00-28.6046.601806.71019.4-23430.10ZZW40000000160778
1838-08-05T09:00-29.0044.451579.31016.0-23530.00Z5H000000000160779
1838-08-06T09:00-29.3340.98889.31016.0-25530.00OZO5W00W20H001100000160780
1838-08-07T09:00-30.2338.17659.31019.4-25530.10O5V030000000160781
1838-08-08T10:00-31.0336.053456.7-264NTO40000000160782
1838-08-09T10:00-31.7232.921882.61005.8-26229.70ZWTZ4-2W00Z011000000160783
1838-08-10T10:00-31.4231.20632.6-272O20000000160784
1838-08-11T10:00-31.9529.581986.71012.6-27429.90ZW4W300000100160785
1838-08-12T10:00-33.1328.02396.7-294ONO4H000000000160786
1838-08-13T10:00-34.2225.552416.71015.3-29429.98W4V05H000000000160787
1838-08-14T10:00-34.6723.423204.61016.0-29330.00NTW3H000000000160788
1838-08-15T10:00-34.7523.202862.61012.6-29229.90NW2H000000000160789
1838-08-16T10:00-34.8322.9825222.61009.2-29929.80WTN9W00W20Z011100000160790
1838-08-17T11:00-35.0222.002412.61009.2-29229.80W2V04H000000000160791
1838-08-18T11:00-35.2021.8028626.81009.2-291029.80NW10W01Z001000000160792
1838-08-19T11:00-35.4721.2526422.61005.8-29929.70WNW9Z010000000160793
1838-08-20T11:00-34.9020.971402.61016.0-29230.00ZTO2V05H000000000160794
1838-08-21T11:00-35.4819.87849.31016.0-29530.00OZO5V010000000160795
1838-08-22T11:00-34.8317.252206.71016.0-28430.00WZW4H000000000160796
1838-08-23T11:00-33.1715.382202.61016.0-28230.00WZW2V050000000160797
1838-08-24T11:00-32.1014.572082.61016.0-28230.00ZWTW2H000000000160798
1838-08-25T11:00-31.2713.401072.61016.0-28230.00ZO2H000000000160799
1838-08-26T11:00-30.6212.671750.01016.0-28030.00ZZW2-00000000160800
1838-08-27T11:00-29.7811.352214.61016.0-27330.00WZW3V040000000160801
1838-08-28T11:00-28.4710.502212.61019.4-27230.10WZW2H000000000160802
1838-08-29T11:00-27.6010.231646.71016.0-27430.00ZTW4H000000000160803
1838-08-30T11:00-26.208.631202.61016.0-26230.00ZOTZ2V050000000160804
1838-08-31T12:00-24.736.481109.31016.0-25530.00ZO5H000000000160805
1838-09-01T12:00-23.154.481214.61016.0-25330.00ZOTZ3H000000000160806
1838-09-02T12:00-21.902.731219.31016.0-25530.00ZOTZ5H000000000160807
1838-09-03T12:00-20.471.001006.71016.0-24430.00ZOTO4W20V050100000160808
1838-09-04T12:00-19.270.401114.61016.0-24330.00ZO3H000000000160809
1838-09-05T12:00-18.15-1.781119.31016.0-24530.00ZO5V010000000160810
1838-09-06T12:00-16.97-3.639.31016.0-22530.00IN, UITLOPEND5W20V100100000160811
1838-09-07T12:00-15.93-5.801249.31016.0-22530.00ZOTZ50000000160812
1838-09-08T12:00-14.00-6.78916.71016.0-22430.00OZO40000000160813
1838-09-09T13:00-13.98-8.30936.71016.0-20430.00OZO4H000000000160814
1838-09-10T13:00-12.90-9.85939.3-205OZO50000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160815
1838-09-11T13:00-11.83-11.80936.71016.0-20430.00OZO4H000000000160816
1838-09-12T13:00-9.98-13.631069.31016.0-18530.00ZOTO50000000160817
1838-09-13T13:00-7.72-15.171179.31016.0-18530.00ZO50000000160818
1838-09-14T13:00-5.62-17.33729.31016.0-18530.00O50000000160819
1838-09-15T13:00-3.22-19.179712.31016.0-16630.00OZO6H000000000160820
1838-09-16T13:00-0.60-19.851536.71016.0-16430.00ZTO4H000000000160821
1838-09-17T13:001.67-20.581646.7-164Z4V050000000160822
1838-09-18T13:003.93-21.352319.31016.0-17530.00WZW5W20V100100000160823
1838-09-19T13:006.58-22.322314.61016.0-17330.00WZW3V100000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160824
1838-09-20T13:007.85-22.422536.71009.2-17429.80W4W34W220100100160825
1838-09-21T14:009.62-22.782219.3-155ZWTW5V100000000160826
1838-09-22T14:0011.57-23.752552.6-152W20000000160827
1838-09-23T13:0012.00-22.483436.7-174N4W20V100100000160828
1838-09-24T14:0011.93-24.90196.71016.0-15430.00NOTN40000000160829
1838-09-25T14:0012.67-26.28189.31016.0-16530.00NOTN5V050000000160830
1838-09-26T14:0014.17-28.45319.3-145NO5V060000000160831
1838-09-27T14:0015.93-29.735412.3-146ONO6W00W201100000160832
1838-09-28T14:0018.38-31.026312.3-166OTN6W00H001000000160833
1838-09-29T14:0021.20-31.771429.3-165ZZO5V010000000160834
1838-09-30T14:0024.05-31.481526.7-174ZTO4H000000000160835
1838-10-01T14:0026.53-31.071636.71015.3-17429.98Z4W46W20, W220100100160836
1838-10-02T14:0028.53-31.932512.61012.6-19229.90W2W20V100100000160837
1838-10-03T14:0030.00-31.233196.71016.0-19430.00NNW40000000160838
1838-10-04T14:0031.10-31.32152.61009.2-19229.80NOTN2H000000000160839
1838-10-05T14:0031.97-31.62152.61012.6-19229.90NOTN2H000000000160840
1838-10-06T14:0032.35-32.881852.6-182ZZW2H000000000160841
1838-10-07T14:0032.67-32.8810415.41012.6-20729.90ZOTO7V100000000160842
1838-10-08T14:0034.78-32.788112.31012.6-20629.90OTZ6V100000000160843
1838-10-09T14:0037.73-32.77669.31012.6-24529.90O50000000160844
1838-10-10T14:0040.60-32.70449.31016.0-24530.00ONO5V05, V01H000000000160845
1838-10-11T14:0043.05-32.70622.61022.8-28230.20O2V05H000000000160846
1838-10-12T14:0044.65-32.47852.61026.1-28230.30OZO2V05H000000000160847
1838-10-13T14:0045.12-31.821520.01026.1-28030.30N-Z2-00000000160848
1838-10-14T14:0045.60-30.1519712.31022.8-28630.20ZW60000000160849
1838-10-15T14:0047.00-26.0025412.31016.0-27630.00WTN6W200100000160850
1838-10-16T13:0047.43-21.6831112.31005.8-27629.70NNW60000000160851
1838-10-17T13:0047.90-17.0021912.31009.2-29629.80WZW6Z010000000160852
1838-10-18T13:0048.82-12.932649.31012.6-29529.90WNW50000000160853
1838-10-19T13:0049.13-8.132219.31016.0-27530.00WZW5W110010000160854
1838-10-20T12:0049.78-5.131662.61019.4-25230.10ZTW20000000160855
1838-10-21T12:0050.07-2.681214.61017.71-25330.05ZOTZ30000000160856
1838-10-22T12:0050.47-0.701916.71017.71-23430.05ZWTZ4V050000000160857
1838-10-23T12:0051.001.111809.31015.61-23529.99ZZW50000000160858