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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MARIA cruise from Rotterdam to Batavia started at 1838-01-27 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750614, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -4.291339 * Median Longitude: 22.350236 * South-bound Latitude: -40.570000 * West-bound Longitude: -20.350000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.770000 * East-bound Longitude: 109.520000
Date/Time Start: 1838-01-27T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-06-10T05:00:00
Event(s):
Maria_18380127_B_REIS_13 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1838-01-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-06-10T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maria, Voyage: Rotterdam - Batavia, 1st Observer: D. Keus (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
14 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
16 Present weatherwwWeather description
17 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
18 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
19 Cloud typeCloud type
20 ClearnessClearness
21 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
22 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
23 FogFog1 If fog was reported
24 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
25 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
26 HailHail1 If hail was reported
27 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
28 CommentComment
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2119 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)

Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
10 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
14 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
15 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
16 
ww
(Weather description)
17 
Precip descr
18 
State sea descr
19 
Cloud type
20 
Clearness
21 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
22 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
23 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
24 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
25 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
26 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
27 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
28 
Comment
29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1838-01-27T12:0050.770.95676.7988.91VM8-23429.20O4V050000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160629
1838-01-28T12:0050.37-1.47993.31-2329.33IN, UITLOOPENDV03H000000000160630
1838-01-29T12:0050.00-3.871334.6995.71-25329.40ZZO3V10, V050000000160631
1838-01-30T12:0048.88-6.601102.6995.7-25229.40ZO2H000000000160632
1838-01-31T13:0048.32-7.571422.61001.8-27229.58ZTO2V04H000000000160633
1838-02-01T13:0047.43-9.1515512.31016.0-25630.00Z60000000160634
1838-02-02T13:0045.72-12.151782.61016.0-25230.00ZZW2V030000000160635
1838-02-03T13:0044.30-14.3315415.41012.6-26729.90Z7V100000000160636
1838-02-04T13:0043.98-16.131774.61004.1-26329.65ZZW3V050000000160637
1838-02-05T13:0043.68-14.801779.31017.7-26530.05ZZW5W200100000160638
1838-02-06T13:0043.40-13.2319922.6995.7-26929.40ZW90000000160639
1838-02-07T13:0042.67-10.3027912.3995.7-25629.40NWTW6V030000000160640
1838-02-08T13:0042.95-11.4822312.3999.1-25629.50WZW60000000160641
1838-02-09T13:0040.60-12.122709.3999.1-23529.50WNW5V100000000160642
1838-02-10T13:0038.85-12.523142.6999.1-24229.50NNW2Z010000000160643
1838-02-11T13:0037.90-12.0824715.4999.1-23729.50W70000000160644
1838-02-12T13:0036.30-11.9724919.0999.1-21829.50W8W00W201100000160645
1838-02-13T13:0034.98-11.1022715.41000.7-21729.55WZW7W200100000160646
1838-02-14T13:0034.27-11.172042.6999.1-21229.50ZW2W00W201100000160647
1838-02-15T13:0035.17-12.382042.6999.1-21229.50ZW2V030000000160648
1838-02-16T13:0034.35-11.221144.6999.1-21329.50ZO30000000160649
1838-02-17T13:0033.48-12.971819.31016.0-22530.00ZZW5V06, V100000000160650
1838-02-18T13:0032.85-14.672482.61012.6-22229.90W2W00W20V031100000160651
1838-02-19T13:0031.30-13.832272.61012.6-21229.90WZW2V05H000000000160652
1838-02-20T13:0029.83-13.652384.61016.0-21330.00WTZ3H000000000160653
1838-02-21T13:0029.32-13.833611016.0-2130.00STILH000000000160654
1838-02-22T13:0028.57-14.3720.01019.4-21030.10NNO2-0H000000000160655
1838-02-23T13:0027.27-15.333294.61019.4-20330.10NTW3H000000000160656
1838-02-24T13:0025.87-16.273516.71019.4-20430.10NTO40000000160657
1838-02-25T13:0024.47-17.97499.31019.4-19530.10ONO5V03H000000000160658
1838-02-26T13:0021.88-19.58506.71019.4-18430.10ONO4H000000000160659
1838-02-27T13:0018.05-20.00509.31019.4-18530.10ONO50000000160660
1838-02-28T13:0014.42-20.35506.71019.4-18430.10ONO4H000000000160661
1838-03-01T13:0010.88-20.02282.61016.0-17230.00NO20000000160662
1838-03-02T13:008.53-19.78512.61016.0-17230.00ONO2H000000000160663
1838-03-03T13:007.17-19.05960.01016.0-17030.00OZO2-0H000000000160664
1838-03-04T13:006.43-18.40282.61012.6-17229.90NO2H000000000160665
1838-03-05T13:005.77-18.102982.6-172NW2V04H000000000160666
1838-03-06T13:005.42-17.772642.61012.6-17229.90WTN20000000160667
1838-03-07T13:004.67-17.021402.61012.6-18229.90ZZO2W22V030100000160668
1838-03-08T13:004.38-16.521622.61012.6-18229.90Z2V030000000160669
1838-03-09T13:004.98-15.801170.0-180ZO2-0V03H000000000160670
1838-03-10T13:005.43-15.071622.61009.2-18229.80Z2H000000000160671
1838-03-11T13:005.43-14.181732.61009.2-18229.80ZTW2H000000000160672
1838-03-12T13:005.07-13.351852.61009.2-18229.80ZZW2V030000000160673
1838-03-13T13:004.37-12.451844.61009.2-19329.80ZZW3W340000100160674
1838-03-14T13:003.88-10.952514.61009.2-19329.80W3H000000000160675
1838-03-15T13:003.70-10.152626.7-194WTN4V030000000160676
1838-03-16T13:003.73-8.582062.61009.2-19229.80ZW2H000000000160677
1838-03-17T12:003.90-7.082284.61009.2-20329.80WZW30000000160678
1838-03-18T12:004.13-5.332162.6-202ZWTW2H000000000160679
1838-03-19T12:004.68-3.831604.61009.2-20329.80Z3V01H000000000160680
1838-03-20T12:004.65-1.732.61009.2-20229.8020000000160681
1838-03-21T12:004.95-0.88IN DE GOLF VAN GUINEE-200000000160682
1838-03-30T12:004.73-0.721944.61009.2-20329.80ZWTZ3W00W201100000160683
1838-03-31T12:003.780.472054.61009.2-20329.80ZW3W30V030000100160684
1838-04-01T12:002.601.121836.71012.6-20429.90ZZW4V03H000000000160685
1838-04-02T12:001.382.732162.61009.2-20229.80ZWTW2W00W22V03H001100000160686
1838-04-03T12:00-0.373.482052.61009.2-20229.80ZW20000000160687
1838-04-04T12:00-2.103.501832.61009.2-20229.80ZZW20000000160688
1838-04-05T12:00-2.553.201812.61009.2-22229.80ZZW2W200100000160689
1838-04-06T12:00-3.122.981586.71009.2-22429.80Z4W00W20H001100000160690
1838-04-07T12:00-3.972.221586.71009.2-22429.80Z40000000160691
1838-04-08T12:00-4.870.821139.31009.2-22529.80ZO5H000000000160692
1838-04-09T12:00-6.03-1.071479.31009.2-22529.80ZTO5V200000000160693
1838-04-10T12:00-8.28-3.1211312.31009.2-22629.80ZO6W001000000160694
1838-04-11T12:00-10.72-5.131369.31009.2-22529.80ZZO5V100000000160695
1838-04-12T12:00-13.22-6.931139.31009.2-22529.80ZO5W00W201100000160696
1838-04-13T13:00-16.02-8.7010412.31012.6-20629.90ZOTO60000000160697
1838-04-14T13:00-18.90-9.621049.31012.6-20529.90ZOTO5H000000000160698
1838-04-15T13:00-21.90-10.60816.71012.6-20429.90OTZ40000000160699
1838-04-16T13:00-24.65-11.051054.6-193ZOTO3W00W201100000160700
1838-04-17T13:00-27.33-11.73829.3-195OTZ50000000160701
1838-04-18T13:00-30.00-11.68509.3-185ONO50000000160702
1838-04-19T13:00-32.33-10.00276.7-184NO4H000000000160703
1838-04-20T13:00-34.17-7.802984.6-173NW3H000000000160704
1838-04-21T12:00-35.28-4.881494.61018.7-20330.08ZTO30000000160705
1838-04-22T12:00-35.65-2.97256.7988.9-20429.20NO4H000000000160706
1838-04-23T12:00-36.23-1.173389.31016.0-22530.00N50000000160707
1838-04-24T12:00-37.753.203142.61005.8-24229.70NNW2H000000000160708
1838-04-25T12:00-38.136.0234712.31009.2-24629.80NTO6W00W20H001100000160709
1838-04-26T11:00-38.539.0889.31014.3-26529.95NOTN5H000000000160710
1838-04-27T11:00-39.0712.5228712.31016.0-28630.00NW6W001000000160711
1838-04-28T11:00-39.7216.731529.31002.4-28529.60Z5Z010000000160712
1838-04-29T11:00-39.2020.473316.71007.5-29429.75N4H000000000160713
1838-04-30T11:00-39.5722.202869.31002.4-29529.60NW5W00W201100000160714
1838-05-01T10:00-39.4325.803419.3999.1-30529.50NTO5W30 NOV050000100160715
1838-05-02T10:00-39.0029.0025115.4992.3-31729.30WTN70000000160716
1838-05-03T10:00-39.3333.4318419.0992.3-31829.30ZWTZ8W00W201100000160717
1838-05-04T09:00-39.3338.3213912.31001.8-30629.58ZTO6W00W201100000160718
1838-05-05T09:00-38.8842.281616.71012.6-30429.90ZTW4V050000000160719
1838-05-06T09:00-38.2346.051402.61016.0-29230.00ZTO2H000000000160720
1838-05-07T09:00-38.0849.133326.7-284N4V030000000160721
1838-05-08T09:00-38.5551.3532119.01016.0-28830.00NTW8V050000000160722
1838-05-09T08:00-38.9356.2233312.31016.0-27630.00N60000000160723
1838-05-10T08:00-39.2860.8535712.31016.0-26630.00NNO60000000160724
1838-05-11T08:00-39.7264.273589.31012.6-25529.90NNO5V050000000160725
1838-05-12T07:00-40.5768.753366.71009.2-24429.80N40000000160726
1838-05-13T07:00-40.5773.0227112.31009.2-23629.80WNW6H000000000160727
1838-05-14T07:00-39.8377.253166.71009.2-23429.80NNW4W100010000160728
1838-05-15T07:00-38.7581.453176.71009.2-21429.80NNW4V050000000160729
1838-05-16T06:00-37.6386.1822815.41007.5-20729.75WZW7H000000000160730
1838-05-17T06:00-36.6289.9721112.31016.0-14630.00ZW6W200100000160731
1838-05-18T06:00-35.5293.552804.61019.4-13330.10WNW3V01H000000000160732
1838-05-19T06:00-35.1095.832919.31019.4-13530.10NWTW5V100000000160733
1838-05-20T05:00-33.7598.223264.61019.4-12330.10NNW3V04H000000000160734
1838-05-21T05:00-32.77100.12339.3-125NO5V100000000160735
1838-05-22T05:00-33.32102.25116.7-124NNO40000000160736
1838-05-23T05:00-33.48104.2735012.31016.0-10630.00N60000000160737
1838-05-24T05:00-33.30106.9315912.31016.0-10630.00ZTO6W200100000160738
1838-05-25T05:00-31.93107.671529.31016.0-6530.00ZZO50000000160739
1838-05-26T05:00-29.28107.00612.61016.0-7230.00ONO20000000160740
1838-05-27T05:00-28.05107.432412.61016.0-7230.00WZW2H000000000160741
1838-05-28T05:00-26.55107.60361-4STIL0000000160742
1838-05-29T05:00-25.68107.603564.61016.0-4330.00N3H000000000160743
1838-05-30T05:00-24.87108.472894.6-43WNW30000000160744
1838-05-31T05:00-24.12108.472106.71012.6-4429.90ZWTZ4H000000000160745
1838-06-01T05:00-22.38108.807612.31012.6-3629.90OTN60000000160746
1838-06-02T05:00-19.68106.90659.31012.6-3529.90ONO5V01H010000000160747
1838-06-03T05:00-17.17106.47219.31012.6-2529.90NNO5V010000000160748
1838-06-04T05:00-17.05107.223586.71012.6-2429.90N4H000000000160749
1838-06-05T05:00-16.70109.323142.61019.4-1230.10NW2W200100000160750
1838-06-06T05:00-15.88109.52442.61009.2-1229.80NO2V04H000000000160751
1838-06-07T05:00-14.75109.43556.71009.2-1429.80NOTO4V01H000000000160752
1838-06-08T05:00-12.50108.486812.31012.60629.90ONO6H000000000160753
1838-06-09T05:00-9.52106.73909.31012.60529.90O5V100000000160754
1838-06-10T05:00-6.10106.863622.6112OML2H000000000160755