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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MARIA cruise from Hellevoetsluis to Batavia started at 1836-04-16 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750612, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -8.880603 * Median Longitude: 17.114741 * South-bound Latitude: -38.370000 * West-bound Longitude: -22.700000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.520000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1836-04-20T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1836-08-22T05:00:00
Event(s):
Maria_18360416_L_REIS_2 * Latitude Start: 51.940000 * Longitude Start: 3.720000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1836-04-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1836-08-22T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maria, Voyage: Hellevoetsluis - Batavia, 1st Observer: J.A. Pronk (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
17 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
18 Present weatherwwWeather description
19 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
20 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
21 Cloud typeCloud type
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 CommentComment
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2222 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
17 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
18 
ww
(Weather description)
19 
Precip descr
20 
State sea descr
21 
Cloud type
22 
Clearness
23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
30 
Comment
31 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1836-04-20T12:0050.38-1.002479.31027.511.11-23552.0030.34W5V000000000160859
1836-04-21T12:0050.52-1.4327012.31011.211.11-23652.0029.86WZW, WNW6V030000000160860
1836-04-22T12:0050.27-1.8324712.31012.912.21-23654.0029.91W6W00W20V051100000160861
1836-04-23T12:0050.38-3.20200.01007.211.71-25353.0029.74NOSTILV03H000000000160862
1836-04-24T12:0050.02-3.502012.31008.511.11-25652.0029.78NO6V03, V000000000160863
1836-04-25T12:0048.43-7.072015.41020.711.1-25752.0030.14NO7V050000000160864
1836-04-26T13:0046.02-10.9335815.41021.411.7-25753.0030.16NNO7W20V10, V030100000160865
1836-04-27T13:0042.88-12.4735819.01013.312.8-25855.0029.92NNO7-8W01W20V101100000160866
1836-04-28T13:0039.32-13.6533712.31011.612.2-23654.0029.87N7-6W00V051000000160867
1836-04-29T13:0036.03-14.283386.71013.310.6-22451.0029.92N5-4W00W201100000160868
1836-04-30T13:0033.48-14.82236.71016.714.4-22458.0030.02NO4V050000000160869
1836-05-01T13:0031.13-16.47254.61018.715.6-20360.0030.08NO3V000000000160870
1836-05-02T13:0029.83-17.72489.31020.716.7-20562.0030.14ONO4-5V010000000160871
1836-05-03T13:0028.22-18.90486.71022.117.2-20463.0030.18ONO5-6-4V010000000160872
1836-05-04T13:0026.20-20.076012.31021.717.8-19664.0030.17OTN6V04H000000000160873
1836-05-05T13:0023.70-21.072615.41019.418.9-19766.0030.10NO7V000000000160874
1836-05-06T13:0020.47-21.632712.31017.018.9-18666.0030.03NO6V010000000160875
1836-05-07T13:0017.07-22.052712.31016.019.4-18667.0030.00NO6V000000000160876
1836-05-08T14:0013.83-22.70296.71016.020.6-16469.0030.00NO5-4V000000000160877
1836-05-09T13:0011.23-22.27174.61015.321.1-17370.0029.98NOTN3V00H000000000160878
1836-05-10T13:008.97-21.87172.61013.622.2-17272.0029.93NOTN3-2V010000000160879
1836-05-11T13:007.77-20.58396.71014.623.9-17475.0029.96NOTO4V010000000160880
1836-05-12T13:005.97-19.07634.61013.623.3-16374.0029.93OTN0-3V01, V00H000000000160881
1836-05-13T13:004.77-18.100.01013.323.9-1675.0029.92STILV000000000160882
1836-05-14T13:004.33-17.520.01014.324.4-1676.0029.95STILV000000000160883
1836-05-15T13:004.55-17.021854.61014.023.9-18375.0029.94ZZW3W20V100100000160884
1836-05-16T13:004.48-16.173621012.324.4-1876.0029.89VARIABELV01, V030000000160885
1836-05-17T13:005.03-15.022074.61012.326.1-18379.0029.89ZZO, ZW8-3W01W20V051100000160886
1836-05-18T13:005.27-13.450.01012.325.0-1877.0029.89STILW00W20V101100000160887
1836-05-19T13:005.82-13.301854.61012.625.0-18377.0029.90ZZW0-3W42W20V050100100160888
1836-05-20T13:006.52-12.731859.31012.625.6-18578.0029.90ZZWNO3-5W00, W40W201100100160889
1836-05-21T13:006.38-11.171844.61014.324.4-19376.0029.95W-ZZWNO4-3W40W220100100160890
1836-05-22T13:005.68-9.972069.31012.622.2-19572.0029.90ZWNO7-8-5W01W201100000160891
1836-05-23T13:004.25-8.522062.61013.323.9-19275.0029.92ZWSTILV030000000160892
1836-05-24T12:003.98-6.933406.71015.024.4-20476.0029.97NTW, NW, N4W08W220100000160893
1836-05-25T12:004.93-4.9220512.31012.623.3-20674.0029.90ZW6W46W20V13, V030100100160894
1836-05-26T12:004.63-2.130.01014.623.3LAADDEN 13 ?? T/M 35-2074.0029.96STILW20V130100000160895
1836-05-27T12:004.60-2.151382.61012.623.3-20274.0029.90ZZO0-20000000160896
1836-05-28T12:004.63-1.92-200000000160897
1836-06-07T12:004.820.771949.31015.323.9-20575.0029.98ZWTZ5V000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160898
1836-06-08T12:003.200.772164.61016.023.9-20375.0030.00ZWTW4-3V01H000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160899
1836-06-09T12:001.852.181824.61016.023.3-21374.0030.00ZZW3V000000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160900
1836-06-10T12:000.823.252059.31014.623.3PASSEERT DE LINIE-20574.0029.96ZW5V100000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160901
1836-06-11T12:00-0.624.421716.71016.023.3-20474.0030.00ZTW4V01H000000000160902
1836-06-12T12:00-1.175.901386.71015.322.2-20472.0029.98ZZO4H000000000160903
1836-06-13T12:00-2.483.871386.71014.022.8-20473.0029.94ZZO4V00, V010000000160904
1836-06-14T12:00-3.532.321476.71014.622.8-22473.0029.96ZTO4V050000000160905
1836-06-15T12:00-4.700.631026.71015.021.7-22471.0029.97ZOTO4V040000000160906
1836-06-16T12:00-5.33-0.671139.31016.321.7-22571.0030.01ZOZW5Z000000000160907
1836-06-17T12:00-6.90-2.5314812.31017.321.7-21671.0030.04ZTOZW5-6Z00V010000000160908
1836-06-18T12:00-8.62-4.251379.31016.021.7-21571.0030.00ZZO3-5V010000000160909
1836-06-19T12:00-9.88-5.300.01016.021.1-2170.0030.00STILV010000000160910
1836-06-20T12:00-10.92-5.981141.01018.721.1-21170.0030.08ZO4-1V000000000160911
1836-06-21T13:00-10.62-7.731159.31018.022.2-20572.0030.06ZO5V000000000160912
1836-06-22T13:00-9.92-9.7011512.31018.422.2-20672.0030.07ZO6V00, V010000000160913
1836-06-23T13:00-8.98-12.2011512.31018.722.2ASSENCION-20672.0030.08ZO6V010000000160914
1836-06-24T13:00-7.92-14.401179.31019.021.7ASSENCION-18571.0030.09ZO5V010000000160915
1836-06-25T13:00-10.22-15.389512.31018.421.7-18671.0030.07OZO6V01, V050000000160916
1836-06-26T13:00-12.92-15.771189.31018.720.6-17569.0030.08ZO5V010000000160917
1836-06-27T13:00-15.15-16.231189.31018.720.6-17569.0030.08ZZO, ZO5V000000000160918
1836-06-28T13:00-17.17-16.580.01018.721.1-1770.0030.08STILV050000000160919
1836-06-29T13:00-18.02-16.26624.61019.421.1-17370.0030.10OTN3V000000000160920
1836-06-30T13:00-18.92-16.73612.31019.420.6-17669.0030.10NNO4-6V010000000160921
1836-07-01T13:00-20.02-14.70612.31019.420.6-17669.0030.10NNO4-6W00V011000000160922
1836-07-02T13:00-21.30-13.2033212.31019.420.6-17669.0030.10NTW6V000000000160923
1836-07-03T13:00-23.27-11.0029612.31014.620.6-19669.0029.96NW7-6V100000000160924
1836-07-04T13:00-25.62-8.6829612.31009.219.4-19667.0029.80NW6V100000000160925
1836-07-05T12:00-27.93-6.2731719.01007.918.9-21866.0029.76NNW8W01V031000000160926
1836-07-06T12:00-30.05-3.1522719.01005.816.7-21862.0029.70WZWZW8W01Z001000000160927
1836-07-07T12:00-31.52-0.4822512.31005.816.7-23662.0029.70WZW8-6V030000000160928
1836-07-08T12:00-32.553.532916.71016.016.7-24462.0030.00NW4W20V100100000160929
1836-07-09T12:00-32.285.950.01019.415.6-2560.0030.10STILH010000000160930
1836-07-10T12:00-32.637.4729112.31019.416.1-24661.0030.10NW5-6W00W20V101100000160931
1836-07-11T11:00-33.4010.121779.31016.716.7-26562.0030.02ZZW5V010000000160932
1836-07-12T11:00-33.8313.201979.31022.815.0-28559.0030.20ZW3-5V050000000160933
1836-07-13T11:00-34.2315.0013015.41026.114.4-28758.0030.30ZZO5-7V000000000160934
1836-07-14T11:00-34.2217.758412.31021.413.9-29657.0030.16OZO6V010000000160935
1836-07-15T11:00-36.4316.5235512.31019.413.9-28657.0030.10NNO6V030000000160936
1836-07-16T11:00-38.2018.9330912.31008.515.6-29660.0029.78NNW6H010000000160937
1836-07-17T11:00-38.3722.382869.31001.416.1-29561.0029.57W, NNO, NWZ5W20V100100000160938
1836-07-18T10:00-37.6025.5219515.41002.816.7-30762.0029.61ZW8-7W01W201100000160939
1836-07-19T10:00-37.6028.981736.71003.816.1-30461.0029.64ZZWW4Z04V030000000160940
1836-07-20T10:00-36.7332.801962.61019.415.6-29260.0030.10ZW4-2V010000000160941
1836-07-21T10:00-36.8734.430.01022.816.1-2961.0030.20STILV010000000160942
1836-07-22T10:00-36.7735.552756.71028.216.1-29461.0030.36NWTW4V000000000160943
1836-07-23T10:00-36.9337.31162.61033.616.1-29261.0030.52NO4-2V000000000160944
1836-07-24T09:00-36.8839.45179.31032.916.1-28561.0030.50NO5V010000000160945
1836-07-25T09:00-37.7741.502615.41029.215.6-30760.0030.39NOTO5-4-7V030000000160946
1836-07-26T09:00-38.3345.829519.01026.115.6-29860.0030.30ZOTO4-8V060000000160947
1836-07-27T09:00-38.3346.813930.91023.815.6-291160.0030.23ONO11W021000000160948
1836-07-28T09:00-37.0046.622899.31012.615.6-26560.0029.90NW6-5V03, V010000000160949
1836-07-29T09:00-37.3748.45319.31016.016.1-25561.0030.00NOTO5H130000000160950
1836-07-30T09:00-37.7750.660.01019.416.1-2961.0030.10STILH100000000160951
1836-07-31T08:00-38.2052.502869.31010.915.6-29560.0029.85NW5V050000000160952
1836-08-01T08:00-38.3755.802669.31003.115.0-27559.0029.62WNW5W001000000160953
1836-08-02T08:00-38.0059.3326712.31003.515.6-26660.0029.63WNW6V010000000160954
1836-08-03T08:00-38.2363.6726812.31001.414.4-25658.0029.57WNW6W30 ZO, W01, W210000100160955
1836-08-04T07:00-37.9768.1722412.31001.113.9-24657.0029.56WZW6V030000000160956
1836-08-05T07:00-37.0772.6228612.31011.614.4-18658.0029.87NWTW6V110000000160957
1836-08-06T07:00-36.3776.6527519.01005.114.4-18858.0029.68WNW8V010000000160958
1836-08-07T07:00-35.5081.3527726.81000.713.9-161057.0029.55WNW10W01W21V101100000160959
1836-08-08T06:00-34.4285.352106.71005.813.3-15456.0029.70ZW5-4H000000000160960
1836-08-09T06:00-33.8289.2027915.41014.614.4-14758.0029.96WNW6-7W20V050100000160961
1836-08-10T06:00-34.0393.0030219.01011.915.0-13859.0029.88NW8V060000000160962
1836-08-11T06:00-33.0896.983366.71009.215.6-13460.0029.80NTW4H000000000160963
1836-08-12T05:00-31.3899.523419.31013.316.7-8562.0029.92NTW5W00W201100000160964
1836-08-13T05:00-29.70102.121959.31010.217.2-8563.0029.83ZZW5V01H000000000160965
1836-08-14T05:00-27.27103.731869.31014.017.2-5563.0029.94ZTW5V010000000160966
1836-08-15T05:00-24.70104.351306.71018.717.2-5463.0030.08ZO4V01H000000000160967
1836-08-16T05:00-22.98104.451539.31017.318.3-5565.0030.04ZZO5V010000000160968
1836-08-17T05:00-20.20103.0014312.31017.318.9ALS GISLENGTE STOND 98°20E-3666.0030.04ZOTZ6V010000000a trivial correction was made in this observation160969
1836-08-18T05:00-17.05103.6012212.31016.019.4-2667.0030.00ZOTO6V010000000160970
1836-08-19T05:00-13.75103.981679.31016.020.6-2569.0030.00ZTO5V010000000160971
1836-08-20T05:00-10.90103.981589.31005.821.10570.0029.70ZZO5W20V100100000160972
1836-08-21T05:00-7.93103.0313512.31007.923.90675.0029.76ZO8-6W01W221100000160973
1836-08-22T05:00-6.10106.86110000000160974