García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAIDSTONE cruise from St. Johns to Spithead started at 1779-11-07 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750594, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 48.460000 * Median Longitude: -34.272593 * South-bound Latitude: 46.250000 * West-bound Longitude: -49.660000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.130000 * East-bound Longitude: -10.640000
Date/Time Start: 1779-11-07T15:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-12-03T13:00:00
Event(s):
Maidstone_17791107_NMM_ADM/L/M28 * Latitude Start: 47.670000 * Longitude Start: -52.270000 * Latitude End: 50.680000 * Longitude End: -0.960000 * Date/Time Start: 1779-11-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-12-03T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maidstone (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns - Spithead, 1st Observer: Thomas Durell (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 17 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 18 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 19 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 20 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 22 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 23 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
513 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 Clearness | 17 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 18 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 19 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 20 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 21 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 22 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 23 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1779-11-07T15:00 | 47.72 | -49.66 | 201 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N80E | 124.00 | -24 | SW | FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159372 | ||||
| 1779-11-08T15:00 | 48.22 | -47.34 | 156 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | S79E | 72 | N74E | 95.00 | -24 | S, SBE, S | FIRST PART, LATTER STRONG GALES | LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159373 | |
| 1779-11-09T15:00 | 48.73 | -46.91 | 145 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | S70W | 84 | N38E | 48.00 | -24 | S, SBW, SBE | STRONG GALES | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159374 | ||
| 1779-11-10T15:00 | 49.50 | -45.36 | 179 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | S69W | 107 | N43E | 70.00 | -24 | SW, WSW, SSW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159375 | |
| 1779-11-11T15:00 | 49.90 | -44.36 | 246 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | S69W | 119 | N59E | 49.00 | -24 | NNW, S, SBW, W | LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159376 | ||
| 1779-11-12T15:00 | 49.92 | -42.32 | 156 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | S70W | 142 | E | 80.00 | -24 | S | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159377 | ||
| 1779-11-13T15:00 | 50.57 | -41.57 | 156 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | S69W | 158 | N45E | 59.00 | -24 | SE, ESE, S | MODERATE | LATTER FOGGY | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159378 | |
| 1779-11-14T15:00 | 50.98 | -40.91 | 111 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | S69W | 164 | N74E | 43.00 | -24 | SE | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, LATTER PART FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159379 | ||
| 1779-11-15T15:00 | 51.13 | -38.76 | 111 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | S69W | 200 | N68E | 91.00 | -24 | SE | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159380 | |||
| 1779-11-16T14:00 | 50.97 | -36.44 | 156 | 1.0 | CAPE SPEAR | S72W | 22 | S80E | 98.00 | -24 | NNN, S | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159381 | |||
| 1779-11-17T14:00 | 49.83 | -36.41 | 44 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | S78W | 224 | S | 59.00 | -24 | E, ESE, ENE | FIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159382 | ||
| 1779-11-18T14:00 | 48.68 | -36.17 | 111 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | S84W | 226 | S2E | 69.00 | -24 | SE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159383 | ||
| 1779-11-19T14:00 | 47.50 | -35.52 | 66 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | W | 229 | S20E | 76.00 | -24 | E | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159384 | ||
| 1779-11-20T14:00 | 46.67 | -35.21 | 71 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N86W | 234 | S15E | 52.00 | -19 | SE, E | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159385 | ||
| 1779-11-21T14:00 | 46.63 | -34.96 | 362 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N85W | 237 | S40E | 16.00 | -19 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159386 | ||
| 1779-11-22T14:00 | 46.35 | -34.69 | 116 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N84W | 241 | S57E | 13.00 | -19 | SE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159387 | ||
| 1779-11-23T14:00 | 47.53 | -33.96 | 111 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | W | 250 | N23E | 79.00 | -24 | SE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159388 | ||
| 1779-11-24T14:00 | 46.77 | -33.97 | 116 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N84W | 254 | S2W | 46.00 | -19 | E, SE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159389 | ||
| 1779-11-25T14:00 | 46.25 | -33.86 | 116 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N84W | 285 | S10E | 32.00 | -19 | SSW, SE | MODERATE | RAIN AT TIMES | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159390 | |
| 1779-11-26T14:00 | 46.88 | -31.49 | 160 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N87W | 324 | N71E | 117.00 | -20 | SW, W, S | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS CLOUDY, MIDDLE HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159391 | ||
| 1779-11-27T14:00 | 47.25 | -28.56 | 318 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N39W | 324 | N78E | 108.00 | -20 | NE, N, NNW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159392 | ||
| 1779-11-28T14:00 | 47.10 | -27.27 | 317 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N89W | 341 | S80E | 53.00 | -21 | ENE, E, NNW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159393 | |
| 1779-11-29T14:00 | 47.45 | -24.54 | 47 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | W | 378 | N79E | 114.00 | -21 | WSW, NW, ENE | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159394 | ||
| 1779-11-30T13:00 | 47.78 | -21.57 | 291 | 1.0 | ST AGNES SCILLY | N77E | 195 | N79E | 108.00 | -24 | SBW, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159395 | ||
| 1779-12-01T13:00 | 48.83 | -18.52 | 145 | ST AGNES SCILLY | N81E | 150 | N63E | 138.00 | -24 | SBW, SBE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159396 | |||
| 1779-12-02T13:00 | 49.70 | -14.39 | 202 | 22.6 | ST AGNES SCILLY | N87E | 95 | N72E | 170.00 | -23 | SW | STRONG GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159397 | ||
| 1779-12-03T13:00 | 49.58 | -10.64 | 202 | 6.7 | ST AGNES SCILLY | N40E | 40 | S87E | 147.00 | -23 | SW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159398 |