García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAIDSTONE cruise from St. Johns to St. Johns started at 1779-05-15 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750593, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 43.018478 * Median Longitude: -47.305870 * South-bound Latitude: 40.780000 * West-bound Longitude: -52.470000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.400000 * East-bound Longitude: -42.440000
Date/Time Start: 1779-05-15T15:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-06-30T15:00:00
Event(s):
Maidstone_17790515_NMM_ADM/L/M28 * Latitude Start: 47.670000 * Longitude Start: -52.270000 * Latitude End: 47.670000 * Longitude End: -52.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1779-05-15T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1779-06-30T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maidstone (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns - St Johns (Cruising), 1st Observer: Charles Chamberlayne (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 17 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 18 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 19 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 20 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 22 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 23 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
876 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 Clearness | 17 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 18 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 19 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 20 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 21 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 22 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 23 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1779-05-15T15:00 | 45.47 | -52.47 | 297 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N7W | 24 | S7E | 73.00 | -18 | NBE, NNW, NW | MODERATE | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159326 | ||
| 1779-05-16T15:00 | 44.77 | -51.87 | 27 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | N46W | 46 | S22E | 67.00 | -18 | E, NE | LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159327 | ||
| 1779-05-17T15:00 | 43.55 | -51.76 | 252 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N17W | 65 | S22E | 58.00 | -18 | NW, NBW, W | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159328 | |||
| 1779-05-18T15:00 | 43.35 | -50.92 | 117 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N21W | 71 | S56E | 28.00 | -18 | E, SE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159329 | |||
| 1779-05-19T15:00 | 43.25 | -50.51 | 162 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N24W | 76 | S80E | 18.00 | -18 | SSW, NW, S | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159330 | ||
| 1779-05-20T15:00 | 42.15 | -49.86 | 302 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N24W | 96 | S22E | 75.00 | -13 | NNE, E, NW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159331 | ||
| 1779-05-21T15:00 | 41.80 | -49.46 | 122 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N25W | 107 | S41E | 28.00 | -13 | SE | FRESH BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159332 | |||
| 1779-05-22T15:00 | 40.87 | -48.52 | 122 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N27W | 132 | S77W | 79.00 | -13 | SE | FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159333 | ||
| 1779-05-23T15:00 | 40.78 | -49.01 | 122 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N24W | 129 | N45E | 23.00 | -13 | NW, SE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159334 | ||
| 1779-05-24T15:00 | 41.25 | -48.39 | 235 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N30W | 130 | N26W | 40.00 | -13 | SW, W, WSW | FIRST PART CALM, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159335 | ||
| 1779-05-25T15:00 | 41.92 | -48.84 | 235 | CAPE RACE | N31W | 115 | S85E | 46.00 | -13 | SW, WSW | FIRST PART MODERATE | LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159336 | ||
| 1779-05-26T15:00 | 41.85 | -47.91 | 212 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N36W | 119 | S85E | 43.00 | -13 | NW, SW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159337 | ||
| 1779-05-27T15:00 | 42.25 | -46.51 | 357 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N43W | 124 | N67E | 67.00 | -14 | NBW, NBE | FRESH GALES | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159338 | ||
| 1779-05-28T15:00 | 43.03 | -45.29 | 342 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N55W | 128 | N52E | 77.00 | -18 | NNE, N, N | FRESH GALES | LATTER SMALL RAIN | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159339 | |
| 1779-05-29T15:00 | 41.35 | -45.36 | 335 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N48W | 134 | S14W | 42.00 | -14 | NW, W, NBW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159340 | ||
| 1779-05-30T15:00 | 41.95 | -44.92 | 234 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N49W | 140 | S38E | 31.00 | -14 | SW, S, WSW | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER RAIN AT TIMES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159341 | |
| 1779-05-31T15:00 | 42.02 | -44.41 | 166 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N51W | 149 | N79 | 23.00 | -14 | SSE, SE, S | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159342 | |
| 1779-06-01T15:00 | 41.73 | -44.54 | 121 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N49W | 149 | S9:30W | 20.00 | -14 | S, SE | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159343 | ||
| 1779-06-02T15:00 | 42.67 | -45.07 | 185 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N53W | 131 | N19W | 59.00 | -18 | W, WNW, W, SSW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159344 | ||
| 1779-06-03T15:00 | 43.90 | -45.22 | 297 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N62W | 127 | N12E | 74.00 | -18 | NW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER FOGGY | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159345 | |
| 1779-06-04T15:00 | 44.83 | -44.72 | 275 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N72W | 117 | N | 58.00 | -18 | NW, W, WNW | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159346 | |||
| 1779-06-05T15:00 | 45.90 | -44.37 | 297 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N79W | 117 | N19E | 47.00 | -18 | NW | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159347 | ||
| 1779-06-06T15:00 | 44.77 | -44.19 | 297 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N72W | 125 | S10E | 49.00 | -18 | NNW, N, SSE, NW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE AND CALM AT TIMES | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159348 | ||
| 1779-06-07T15:00 | 44.77 | -43.86 | 117 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N74W | 127 | E | 20.00 | -18 | SW, SE | LIGHT AIRS | LATTER FOGGY | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159349 | |
| 1779-06-08T15:00 | 43.88 | -43.57 | 207 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N66W | 139 | S74E | 76.00 | -18 | SSW, SW | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER FOGGY | LATTER RAIN AT TIMES | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159350 |
| 1779-06-09T15:00 | 43.72 | -42.46 | 206 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N68W | 155 | S78E | 50.00 | -19 | SW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES, MIDDLE CALM | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159351 | ||
| 1779-06-10T15:00 | 43.08 | -42.44 | 206 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N63W | 161 | S2E | 38.00 | -19 | N, NNW, SW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159352 | |
| 1779-06-11T15:00 | 42.28 | -42.62 | 279 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N58W | 166 | S10W | 49.00 | -14 | SW, WNW | FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159353 | ||
| 1779-06-12T15:00 | 42.25 | -43.99 | 211 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N54W | 149 | S88W | 61.00 | -14 | SW | FRESH BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159354 | ||
| 1779-06-13T15:00 | 42.92 | -46.11 | 207 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N48W | 134 | N79W | 94.00 | -18 | SW, SW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159355 | ||
| 1779-06-14T15:00 | 42.58 | -46.61 | 207 | 22.6 | CAPE RACE | N45W | 115 | W | 24.00 | -18 | WSW, WNW, SW | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER STRONG GALES | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159356 | ||
| 1779-06-15T15:00 | 42.42 | -46.64 | 279 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N44W | 117 | S | 50.00 | -14 | NW, NNW, WNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS STRONG GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159357 | ||
| 1779-06-16T15:00 | 42.17 | -46.91 | 76 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | NNW | 120 | S38W | 19.00 | -14 | SE, E | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159358 | ||
| 1779-06-17T15:00 | 41.80 | -46.81 | 121 | 6.7 | CAPE RACE | N39W | 125 | S12E | 23.00 | -14 | SE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159359 | ||
| 1779-06-18T15:00 | 40.82 | -47.14 | 121 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N32W | 134 | S17W | 51.00 | -14 | SE | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159360 | ||
| 1779-06-19T15:00 | 40.85 | -47.19 | 166 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N32W | 135 | S17W | 9.00 | -14 | S | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159361 | |||
| 1779-06-20T15:00 | 41.18 | -48.27 | 212 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | N27W | 124 | N68W | 53.00 | -13 | SSW, SW | LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159362 | ||
| 1779-06-21T15:00 | 41.68 | -48.21 | 235 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | N38W | 115 | N6E | 35.00 | -13 | WNW, NNW, WSW | LIGHT BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS RAIN AT TIMES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159363 | |
| 1779-06-22T15:00 | 41.93 | -48.19 | 302 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N31W | 111 | N4W | 15.00 | -13 | SW, NW | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159364 | ||
| 1779-06-23T15:00 | 41.80 | -47.84 | 212 | 1.0 | CAPE RACE | N32W | 116 | S64E | 18.00 | -13 | W, NW, SW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALM AT TIMES | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159365 | ||
| 1779-06-24T15:00 | 42.37 | -48.41 | 167 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | N32W | 102 | N36W | 42.00 | -13 | W, NW, S | FIRST PART CALM, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159366 | ||
| 1779-06-25T15:00 | 43.82 | -49.51 | 275 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N34W | 70 | N29W | 180.00 | -18 | W, WBS, WNW | FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159367 | ||
| 1779-06-26T15:00 | 45.75 | -51.21 | 263 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | N26W | 42 | N53W | 52.00 | -18 | VARIABLE, WNW, W, WBN | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159368 | ||
| 1779-06-27T15:00 | 46.57 | -51.32 | 252 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N39W | 27 | N6W | 52.00 | -18 | NW, N, NE, W | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159369 | ||
| 1779-06-29T15:00 | 47.40 | -51.32 | 331 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | N76W | 19 | N5E | 50.00 | -18 | NW, W, NBW | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159370 | |||
| 1779-06-30T15:00 | 47.40 | -51.32 | 241 | 19.0 | CAPE RACE | S39W | 12 | N29W | 51.00 | -18 | WSW, WBS | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159371 |