García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAIDSTONE cruise from St. Johns to St. Johns started at 1777-05-24 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750590, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 45.519615 * Median Longitude: -50.969615 * South-bound Latitude: 44.270000 * West-bound Longitude: -53.840000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.280000 * East-bound Longitude: -47.970000
Date/Time Start: 1777-05-24T15:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-06-21T15:00:00
Event(s):
Maidstone_17770524_NMM_ADM/L/M28 * Latitude Start: 47.670000 * Longitude Start: -52.270000 * Latitude End: 47.670000 * Longitude End: -52.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1777-05-24T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1777-06-21T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maidstone (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns - St Johns (Cruising), 1st Observer: Charles Chamberlayne (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
559 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 ww (Weather description) | 16 Precip descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1777-05-24T15:00 | 47.28 | -51.56 | 197 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | SEBE | 53 | SE | 53.00 | -17 | SW, SWBS | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159207 | |||
| 1777-05-25T15:00 | 46.37 | -49.61 | 208 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | SWBS | 48 | SEBS | 96.00 | -17 | W, SEBS, SW | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159208 | |||
| 1777-05-26T15:00 | 45.55 | -47.97 | 174 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | NWBW | 75 | SEBE | 85.00 | -17 | SW, SWBW, SBW | FRESH BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159209 | |||
| 1777-05-27T15:00 | 45.20 | -49.62 | 231 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NW | 71 | WSW1/2W | 21.00 | -17 | WNW, NNW, N, WSW | LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159210 | |||
| 1777-05-28T15:00 | 44.80 | -49.52 | 107 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NW | 74 | WBS | 27.00 | -17 | NNW, SE, SEBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159211 | |||
| 1777-05-29T15:00 | 44.68 | -50.37 | 51 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NNW1/2W | 71 | WBN | 36.00 | -17 | NEBE, ENE | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES | MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159212 | ||
| 1777-05-30T15:00 | 44.27 | -51.19 | 28 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NBW3/4W | 69 | SWBW1/2W | 47.00 | -17 | NNE, NE | STRONG GALES | THICK | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159213 | ||
| 1777-05-31T15:00 | 44.65 | -50.59 | 343 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NNW1/4W | 77 | ESE | 33.00 | -17 | NBE, NNE, NE, NEBE, N | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159214 | |||
| 1777-06-01T15:00 | 44.83 | -50.11 | 73 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NW3/4N | 70 | NNE1/4E | 45.00 | -17 | SEBS, E | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159215 | |||
| 1777-06-02T15:00 | 44.93 | -49.52 | 163 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NW | 70 | ENE3/4E | 26.00 | -17 | SBE, SEBE, S | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159216 | ||||
| 1777-06-03T15:00 | 45.18 | -50.21 | 163 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | NW1/2N | 62 | NWBW1/2W | 33.00 | -17 | NE, NBE, W, S | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER THICK | LATTER RAIN | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159217 | ||
| 1777-06-04T15:00 | 45.28 | -50.32 | 343 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NW1/2N | 56 | NW1/2N | 8.00 | -17 | NNE, NNW, N | LIGHT BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159218 | |||
| 1777-06-05T15:00 | 45.17 | -50.56 | 343 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | NWBN | 58 | SW3/4W | 12.00 | -17 | NNW, SSE, N | LIGHT BREEZES | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159219 | |||
| 1777-06-06T15:00 | 44.83 | -50.81 | 174 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | NNW | 61 | SW1/4S | 27.00 | -17 | SSW, SBW | FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART THICK FOG, MIDDLE THICK | MIDDLE RAIN | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159220 | |
| 1777-06-07T15:00 | 46.47 | -51.96 | 208 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | WNW | 15 | NW1/2W | 109.00 | -17 | WSW, SW | FRESH BREEZES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159221 | |||
| 1777-06-08T00:00 | 214 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | WNW | 5 | SBW, SWBS, SWBS | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE THUNDER AND LIGHTNING | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 159222 | ||||||
| 1777-06-09T00:00 | 248 | 2.6 | ENTRANCE OF RENEUZ HARBOUR | NWBN | 1 | 1 | WNW, WSW, WNW, NBE, WSW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159223 | ||||||
| 1777-06-10T00:00 | 135 | 9.3 | CAPE BOLLARD | NNW1/2W | 6 | S, SE | FIRST PART CALM , MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159224 | |||||||
| 1777-06-11T15:00 | 46.47 | -51.64 | 186 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | ESE3/4E | 17 | ESE3/4E | 50.00 | -17 | S, SSW | LIGHT BREEZES | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159225 | ||
| 1777-06-12T15:00 | 45.92 | -51.04 | 2.6 | CAPE RACE | NWBW3/4W | 29 | SEBS1/4E | 42.00 | -17 | ENE, SBS | FIRST AND LATTER PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159226 | |||
| 1777-06-13T15:00 | 45.03 | -50.72 | 231 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | NW | 86 | SBE1/4E | 65.00 | -17 | SWBW, WSW | FIRS PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER FOGGY | FIRST PART CLEAR, MIDDLE FAIR | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159227 | ||
| 1777-06-14T16:00 | 46.22 | -53.35 | 208 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | NNE1/4 | 14 | NWBW | 131.00 | -17 | SWBS, SW | FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE HARD RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159228 | ||
| 1777-06-15T16:00 | 46.53 | -53.84 | 231 | 9.3 | CAPE MARY | E | 6 | WBS | 36.00 | -17 | W, WSW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159229 | |||
| 1777-06-16T16:00 | 46.27 | -53.29 | 343 | 2.6 | CAPE PINE | NNE | 11 | SE | 32.00 | -17 | NWBW, N | FIRST AND LATERT PARTS LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159230 | |||
| 1777-06-17T16:00 | 45.57 | -52.72 | 343 | 1.0 | CAPE PINE | N1/2W | 23 | SSE3/4E | 46.00 | -17 | NE, N | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | MIDDLE THICK | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159231 | |
| 1777-06-18T15:00 | 44.88 | -51.00 | 51 | 9.3 | CAPE PINE | NBW | 40 | E3/4N | 52.00 | -17 | EBS, SE, ENE | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE AND LATTER THICK | MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159232 | |
| 1777-06-19T15:00 | 44.88 | -50.82 | 231 | 9.3 | CAPE RACE | NBW1/2W | 43 | E3/4N | 52.00 | -17 | WNW, SWBS, WSW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159233 | ||
| 1777-06-20T15:00 | 45.42 | -51.00 | 276 | 1.0 | CAPE SPEAR | NWBN | 15 | NBE3/4E | 24.00 | -17 | SWBS, WSW, W, WNW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS HAZY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159234 | |||
| 1777-06-21T15:00 | 46.83 | -51.87 | 253 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | NWBN | 15 | NNW | 92.00 | -17 | WNW, WBN, W | FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 159235 |