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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAGDALENA cruise from Calcutta to Java started at 1851-02-26 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750577, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 4.585652 * Median Longitude: 94.366957 * South-bound Latitude: -6.950000 * West-bound Longitude: 88.030000 * North-bound Latitude: 19.480000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1851-02-26T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-03-21T05:00:00
Event(s):
Magdalena_18510226_B_REIS_1B_P10-19 * Latitude Start: 19.150000 * Longitude Start: 88.300000 * Latitude End: -7.500000 * Longitude End: 101.850000 * Date/Time Start: 1851-02-26T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1851-03-21T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Magdalena, Voyage: Calcutta - Java, 1st Observer: A.P. Klein (Kapitein), Other ship information: 377 TONNEN
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
11 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
12 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
13 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
16 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
18 Current speed descriptionV descr
19 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20 Present weatherwwWeather description
21 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
23 Cloud typeCloud type
24 ClearnessClearness
25 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
26 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
27 FogFog1 If fog was reported
28 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
29 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
30 HailHail1 If hail was reported
31 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
32 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1070 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

-
(1 If position is considered t...)
10 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
11 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
12 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
13 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
16 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
17 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)
18 
V descr
19 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
20 
ww
(Weather description)
21 
Precip descr
22 
State sea descr
23 
Cloud type
24 
Clearness
25 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
26 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
27 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
28 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
29 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
30 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
31 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
32 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1851-02-26T00:00225HW8ZW0000000157637
1851-02-26T00:00203HOOGLIJVM8?..6/2 KLT. HELDER MOOI WEER. VERLIETEN DE HOOGLIJZZWMOOI WEERHELDER0000000157638
1851-02-26T00:00203PV8ZZW0000000157639
1851-02-27T00:00191HW8ZTW0000000157640
1851-02-27T00:00180PV8Z0000000157642
1851-02-27T06:0019.4889.832161012.627.2VM8KOMPSASSEN 3°N/O. FLAAUW HOOGE ZW-ZUIDEL.ZEE281.0029.90ZWTZ6Z 23OFLAAUW HOOGE ZW-Z-ZEE0000000157641
1851-02-28T00:00225HW8ZW0000000157643
1851-02-28T00:00214PV8ZWTZ0000000157645
1851-02-28T06:0019.0089.820.01013.327.2VM8281.0029.926Z 45OSTIL0000000157644
1851-03-01T00:00270HW8W0000000157646
1851-03-01T00:00135PV8ZO0000000157648
1851-03-01T06:0018.2790.373171014.027.8VM8FLAAUW EN STIL LEEGEN ? IN DE KIMME282.0029.94NW9Z 24O0000000157647
1851-03-02T00:003601.0HW8NFLAAUW EN STIL0000000157649
1851-03-02T00:00231.0PV8NNOFLAAUW0000000157651
1851-03-02T06:0017.0089.3521.0VM82NFLAAUW0000000157650
1851-03-03T00:00231.0HW8FLAAUW EN HELDERNNOFLAAUWHELDER0000000157652
1851-03-03T00:00360PV8N0000000157654
1851-03-03T06:0017.0089.35251014.627.2VM8281.0029.96NNO8Z 24W0000000157653
1851-03-04T00:0034HW8NOTN0000000157655
1851-03-04T00:00344.6PV8NOTNTAMELIJKE EN AANWAKKERENDE KOELTEHELDER EN MOOI WEER0000000157657
1851-03-04T06:0015.3588.52361014.627.8VM8282.0029.96NOTN4Z 11W0000000157656
1851-03-05T00:0045HW8NOHELDER EN MOOI WEER0000000157658
1851-03-05T00:0023PV8NNO0000000157660
1851-03-05T06:0012.7288.03581012.627.8VM8282.0029.90NOTO6Z 4WBEWOLKING IN DE KIMMEZEER HEIJIG0000000157659
1851-03-06T00:00684.6HW8BUYEGE LUCHTONOBRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000157661
1851-03-06T00:0045PV8NO0000000157663
1851-03-06T06:009.8788.60814.61011.928.9VM8284.0029.88OTN8Z 15WBRAMZEILSKOELTEHEIJIG EN BEWOLKT0000000157662
1851-03-07T00:0090HW8O0000000157664
1851-03-07T00:00794.6PV8DIK BETROKKENE MET AFWISSELENDE BUIJENOTNFRISSCHE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTDIK BETROKKENE MET AFWISSELENDE BUIJEN0000000157666
1851-03-07T06:007.6089.93131011.629.4VM8285.0029.87NTO5Z 7W0000000157665
1851-03-08T00:00146HW8BUIJIG. EERST BUIJIG NADERHAND AFSCHOONENDZOTZONGESTADIG0000000157667
1851-03-08T00:002811.0PV8BETROKKEN MET BUIJEN VAN REGEN EN WINDWTNFLAAUWHELDER0100000157669
1851-03-08T06:005.1390.831141010.628.9VM8184.0029.84OZO13N 29W0000000157668
1851-03-09T00:0056HW8NOTOSOMS LIGT BEWOLKT, HEIJIG IN DE KIMMEN0000000157670
1851-03-09T00:0068PV8ONO0000000157672
1851-03-09T06:004.9391.1011.01011.229.4VM8185.0029.86N26N 12OFLAAUWHELDER EN BEWOLKT0000000157671
1851-03-10T00:00236HW8BUIJIGE LUCHT. EEN BUI MET REGEN, WIND, DONDER EN WEERLICHTZWTWONGESTADIG0100100157673
1851-03-10T00:003261.0PV8NWTNFLAAUWHELDER EN HEIJIG BEWOLKT0000000157675
1851-03-10T06:003.4292.172491010.230.6VM8187.0029.83WZW6N 8O0000000157674
1851-03-11T00:002814.6HW8WTNTAMELIJKE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000157676
1851-03-11T00:00281PV8WTNAFWISSELEND BEWOLKT0000000157678
1851-03-11T06:001.9392.882491011.230.6VM8EEN BUIJIGE LUCHT187.0029.86WZWO130000000157677
1851-03-12T00:00214HW8ZWTZONGESTADIG0000000157679
1851-03-12T00:002481.0PV8WZWFLAAUWHELDER EN BEWOLKT0000000157681
1851-03-12T06:00-0.2894.172041010.629.4VM8ZAGEN HET KOMPAS OP 1,5° N/O185.0029.84ZZW7N 27OONGESTADIGONGESTADIG MET BUIJEN1000000157680
1851-03-13T00:003044.6HW8NWTWONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000157682
1851-03-13T00:00225PV8AFKLAREND EN WEER OPKLAREND. RONDWERKING IN DE KIMZW0000000157684
1851-03-13T06:00-1.9595.582491.01010.628.9VM8184.0029.84WZW12Z 25OAFSCHOONEND EN FLAAUW0000000157683
1851-03-14T00:003151.0HW8SOMS BUIJIGE LUCHTNWFLAAUW EN STIL0000000157685
1851-03-14T00:00225PV8ZWHELDER EN BEWOLKT0000000157687
1851-03-14T06:00-3.2296.58451011.930.0VM8OBSERVED VARIATION 1,5 N/O086.0029.88NO3Z 16O0000000157686
1851-03-15T00:002701.0HW8FLAAUW EN BETROKKENWFLAAUWBETROKKEN0000000157688
1851-03-15T00:00293PV8WNWAFKLARENDE LUCHT0000000157690
1851-03-15T05:00-4.1397.803391.01011.229.4VM8185.0029.86NNWO23FLAAUWBEWOLKT0000000157689
1851-03-16T00:00270HW8RONDOM BUIJIGW0000000157691
1851-03-16T00:00315PV8MOOI WEER LIGT BUIJIG RONDWERKEND IN DE KIMNW0000000157693
1851-03-16T05:00-5.4299.352491011.928.9VM8184.0029.88WZW8Z 22O0000000157692
1851-03-17T00:0068HW8ONOAFSCHOONEND BEWOLKT0000000157694
1851-03-17T00:00248PV8RONDOM DIK EN BUIJIGWZW0000000157696
1851-03-17T05:00-5.57100.73571.01011.229.4VM8185.0029.86NOTO1Z 47OFLAAUWBEWOLKT0000000157695
1851-03-18T00:00191HW8LIGT OPWERKENDZTW0000000157697
1851-03-18T00:003151.0PV8NWFLAAUWMOOI WEERBEWOLKT0000000157699
1851-03-18T05:00-6.28101.28461011.229.4VM8DIK BETROKKEN BUIJIGE LUCHT185.0029.86NO17Z 4O0000000157698
1851-03-19T00:00281HW8AFWISSELEND BUIJIGWTN0000000157700
1851-03-19T00:00326PV8AFWISSELEND BUIJIG SOMS REGENNWTN0100000157702
1851-03-19T05:00-6.95102.632942.61010.628.9VM8DIK BETROKKEN MET REGEN184.0029.84WNW27Z 12OONGESTADIGE KOELTEMET REGENDIK BETROKKEN0100000157701
1851-03-20T00:002361.0HW8ZWTWFLAAUWBEWOLKT0000000157703
1851-03-20T00:00248PV8WZWONGESTADIG0000000157705
1851-03-20T05:00-6.33104.682261010.628.3VM8183.0029.84ZW6Z 18OZEER FLAAUW EN AAN WAKKEREND0000000157704
1851-03-21T05:00-6.10106.86110000000157706