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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Machtilda Cornelia cruise from Nederland to Java started at 1846-04-06 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750568, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -6.983529 * Median Longitude: 17.095980 * South-bound Latitude: -39.580000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.850000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.920000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1846-04-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1846-07-22T05:00:00
Event(s):
Machtilda_Cornelia_18460406_V_REIS_23_P242-244 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: -7.500000 * Longitude End: 101.850000 * Date/Time Start: 1846-04-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1846-07-22T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Machtilda Cornelia, Voyage: Nederland - Java, 1st Observer: Nanning (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
11 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
12 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
13 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
14 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the third landmark
15 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
16 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
17 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
18 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
19 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
20 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
21 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
22 Present weatherwwWeather description
23 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
24 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
25 Cloud typeCloud type
26 ClearnessClearness
27 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
28 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
29 FogFog1 If fog was reported
30 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
31 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
32 HailHail1 If hail was reported
33 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
34 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1852 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
11 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
12 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
13 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
14 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the third landmark)
15 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
16 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
17 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
18 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
19 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
20 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
21 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
22 
ww
(Weather description)
23 
Precip descr
24 
State sea descr
25 
Cloud type
26 
Clearness
27 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
28 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
29 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
30 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
31 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
32 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
33 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
34 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1846-04-06T00:001801.0994.31ONDER ZEIL29.36ZFLAUWE KOELTEHELDER0000000156004
1846-04-07T12:0051.922.601151.0994.39.41-2049.0029.36ZW-ZOFLAUWE KOELTEHELDER0000000156005
1846-04-08T12:0050.920.983371011.210.61-2351.0029.86NO-NLICHTE KOELTEMISTIG0010000156006
1846-04-09T12:0050.42-0.573374.61032.910.01-2350.0030.50O, ZW, NONGESTADIGE, FLAUWE, BZK0000000156007
1846-04-10T12:0050.25-2.202021.01022.111.11-2352.0030.18W, ZWFLAUW EN STIL0000000156008
1846-04-11T12:0049.17-5.831559.31016.011.7-2553.0030.00ZZW, ZGEREEFDE MZKDIKKE LUCHT0000000156009
1846-04-12T12:0049.15-7.3520026.8996.311.1-2552.0029.42Z, ZWSTORMSTORMWEERBUIJIG0000000156010
1846-04-13T13:0049.58-10.52187999.710.6-2751.0029.52ZWTZSTORM AFNEMENDSTORMWEER0000000156011
1846-04-14T13:0049.60-10.231981.01012.611.7-2753.0029.90ZWAFNEMEND TOT FLAAUW0000000156012
1846-04-15T13:0048.83-10.451531.01020.413.3-2756.0030.13W-ZFLAUWBEWOLKT0000000156013
1846-04-16T13:0048.15-11.63631.01028.213.3-2756.0030.36O EN ZWFLAUW EN STIL0000000156014
1846-04-17T13:0045.02-12.972674.61037.012.2-2654.0030.62WNWBZKBUIJIG0000000156015
1846-04-18T13:0042.85-14.333342.01041.413.3-2656.0030.75NLICHTE BBZKBEWOLKT0000000156016
1846-04-19T13:0040.65-16.35662.61034.913.9-2457.0030.56NO, OBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156017
1846-04-20T13:0037.78-15.70212.61031.214.4-2458.0030.45O, NOBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156018
1846-04-21T13:0035.05-18.60682.61026.115.0-2259.0030.30NO, OBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156019
1846-04-22T13:0034.02-18.481131.01026.117.2-2263.0030.30ZOFLAUW EN STILBEWOLKT0000000156020
1846-04-23T13:0033.08-17.002481.01018.017.8-2264.0030.06WFLAUW EN STILBEWOLKT0000000156021
1846-04-24T13:0031.43-17.262491016.019.4-2167.0030.00WLICHTE KOELTEBEWOLKT0000000156022
1846-04-25T13:0030.80-17.521931.01012.321.1-2170.0029.89ZWTZFLAUWBUIJIG0000000156023
1846-04-26T13:0030.05-18.102941014.321.1-2170.0029.95ZW, W, NWONGESTADIGBUIJIG0000000156024
1846-04-27T00:003152.61020.421.7171.0030.13NWBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156025
1846-04-28T00:0010000000156026
1846-05-01T13:0026.38-17.47932.61021.420.6-2069.0030.16ONO, OZOBBZK0000000156027
1846-05-02T13:0024.67-19.43362.61020.020.6-2069.0030.12NOTOBBZK0000000156028
1846-05-03T13:0022.42-20.37712.61020.020.6-1969.0030.12OBBZK0000000156029
1846-05-04T13:0019.58-20.50492.61012.620.6-1969.0029.90ONOBBZK0000000156030
1846-05-05T13:0016.63-20.52162.61016.321.1-1870.0030.01NOTNBBZK0000000156031
1846-05-06T13:0013.52-20.6052.61016.321.7-1871.0030.01NNOBBZK0000000156032
1846-05-07T13:0010.57-20.7052.61013.323.3-1874.0029.92NNOBBZK0000000156033
1846-05-08T13:008.55-20.85162.61009.225.6-1878.0029.80NOTNBBZK0000000156034
1846-05-09T13:007.62-20.823621.01013.328.3-1883.0029.92VARFLAUWBUIJIG0000000156035
1846-05-10T13:006.52-20.833431.01009.527.8-1782.0029.81N EN OFLAAUWBUIJIG0000000156036
1846-05-11T13:005.67-19.102531.01009.527.8-1782.0029.81NW, W EN ZWFLAAUWBUIJIG0000000156037
1846-05-12T13:004.93-20.60731.01007.927.8-1782.0029.76OFLAAUW EN STILBUIJIG0000000156038
1846-05-13T13:004.42-20.771181009.227.2-1781.0029.80O-ZOZEER ONGESTADIGREGENBUIJIG0100000156039
1846-05-14T13:003.95-20.602531010.228.9-1784.0029.83WZEER ONGESTADIG EN FLAAUW0000000156040
1846-05-15T13:003.37-20.433431.01007.928.9-1784.0029.76NFLAAUW EN STIL0000000156041
1846-05-16T13:002.20-21.231291007.228.9-1784.0029.74ZOTZLICHTE KOELTEMOOI WEER0000000156042
1846-05-17T13:001.75-21.201521007.228.9-1784.0029.74ZTOLICHTE KOELTEMOOI WEER0000000156043
1846-05-18T13:00-0.02-22.081292.61011.628.9-1784.0029.87ZOTZBBZK0000000156044
1846-05-19T14:00-1.63-22.751201.01010.628.9-1584.0029.84ZOFLAAUWBUIJIG0000000156045
1846-05-20T14:00-2.83-23.481101009.928.9-1484.0029.82ZOTOLICHTE KOELTEBEWOLKT0000000156046
1846-05-21T14:00-4.63-24.571211009.926.7-1480.0029.82ZOONGESTADIGREGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000156047
1846-05-22T14:00-6.72-26.381321009.927.2-1481.0029.82ZOTZONGESTADIG EN FLAAUW0000000156048
1846-05-23T14:00-9.57-27.421111.01009.927.2-1381.0029.82ZOTOFLAAUW EN STIL0000000156049
1846-05-24T14:00-12.28-27.851142.61009.227.2-1081.0029.80ZOTOBBZK, ONGESTADIG0000000156050
1846-05-25T14:00-15.37-28.351149.31016.026.1-1079.0030.00ZOTOGEREEFDE MZKBUIJIG0000000156051
1846-05-26T14:00-17.85-28.631151018.726.1-979.0030.08ZOTOGEREEFDE MZK, MINDER KOELTE0000000156052
1846-05-27T14:00-20.35-28.37921018.725.6-978.0030.08OTZLICHTE KOELTEBEWOLKT0000000156053
1846-05-28T14:00-21.47-28.131041.01018.725.0-977.0030.08OZOFLAAUWBEWOLKT0000000156054
1846-05-29T14:00-22.85-28.751271.01017.325.0-877.0030.04ZOFLAAUW0000000156055
1846-05-30T14:00-24.27-29.851271017.324.4-876.0030.04ZOONGESTADIGBEWOLKT0000000156056
1846-05-31T14:00-25.03-28.933071018.723.9-875.0030.08ZO-NO-NW-STIL-FLAAUW0000000156057
1846-06-01T14:00-25.65-27.48341.01022.123.9-1175.0030.18N, NOFLAUWE KOELTEBEWOLKT0000000156058
1846-06-02T14:00-26.50-22.623491018.722.8-1173.0030.08NFLAUW BBZKBEWOLKT0000000156059
1846-06-03T13:00-27.50-22.323472.61022.822.8-1373.0030.20N, NW, NBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156060
1846-06-04T13:00-28.70-19.383132.61022.422.2-1372.0030.19NWTNBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156061
1846-06-05T13:00-29.72-15.602991013.322.2-1672.0029.92NWREGENBUIJIG0100000156062
1846-06-06T13:00-29.92-11.622069.31024.118.9-1966.0030.24W, ZWGEREEFDE MZKHOGE ZEEBUIJIG0000000156063
1846-06-07T13:00-30.57-8.621616.71028.917.2-1963.0030.38ZW, ZMZKZWARE BUIEN1000000156064
1846-06-08T13:00-30.68-7.683621.01027.517.8-1964.0030.34VARFLAUW EN STILHELDER0000000156065
1846-06-09T12:00-32.20-3.833384.61012.619.4-2267.0029.90NO, NBZKMOOI WEER0000000156066
1846-06-10T12:00-33.30-0.9333726.81005.818.3-2365.0029.70N, NW, ZW, NW, NAANNEMENDE TOT STORMSTORM EN ORKAANVLAGEN HVY UITSCHOT0000000156067
1846-06-11T12:00-34.902.07315990.215.6-2360.0029.24NNO, NNW EN WNOG HEVIGER STORM0000000156068
1846-06-12T12:00-35.574.572441022.816.1-2661.0030.20W EN NWMINDER KOELTEBEWOLKT0000000156069
1846-06-13T11:00-34.658.503564.61028.917.2-2763.0030.38NO, NNOFLAUW, BZKBEWOLKT0000000156070
1846-06-14T11:00-35.3812.203332.61022.816.7-2762.0030.20NBBZKBUIJIG0000000156071
1846-06-15T11:00-36.3016.233094.61018.717.2-2963.0030.08N, NNWBZK0000000156072
1846-06-16T11:00-37.5220.153301019.416.7-3062.0030.10N EN WBUIJIG0000000156073
1846-06-17T10:00-38.0824.532854.61021.416.1-3061.0030.16NWBZKREGENBUIJIG0100000156074
1846-06-18T10:00-38.1328.751944.61029.514.4-3158.0030.40W-ZWBZK, FLAUWHELDER0000000156075
1846-06-19T10:00-38.6731.971271031.615.0-3159.0030.46ZZW, Z, ZZOFLAUW, AANNEMENDEHEIJIGE LUCHT0000000156076
1846-06-20T09:00-39.5837.602859.31020.017.2-3063.0030.12N, NWGEREEFDE MZKWEERLICHT0000100156077
1846-06-21T09:00-39.2241.833309.31016.017.8-3064.0030.00NNW, NGEREEFDE MZKWEERLICHT0000100156078
1846-06-22T09:00-38.5245.772199.31026.113.3-2956.0030.30W, WZWGEREEFDE MZKZWARE BUIEN, DONDER1000100156079
1846-06-23T09:00-38.0750.101869.31034.911.1-2852.0030.56ZWTZGEREEFDE MZKBUIJIG0000000156080
1846-06-24T08:00-38.2054.872219.31034.911.7-2753.0030.56W, WZWGEREEFDE MZKZWARE BUIEN1000000156081
1846-06-25T08:00-38.2557.372880.01036.311.1-2752.0030.60ZW-NWAFNEMEND TOT STIL0000000156082
1846-06-26T08:00-38.2561.532674.61030.211.1-2652.0030.42WNWBZKREGENACHTIG0100000156083
1846-06-27T08:00-39.1264.982901.01030.915.0-2559.0030.44VAR, NWFLAUWE KOELTEREGENACHTIG0100000156084
1846-06-28T07:00-39.2268.132911032.913.9-2457.0030.50NWGESTADIGHELDER0000000156085
1846-06-29T07:00-39.2772.822701026.113.9-2357.0030.30WNWGESTADIGBETROKKEN0000000156086
1846-06-30T07:00-39.1276.132704.61031.912.2-2354.0030.47WNWBZKBETROKKEN0000000156087
1846-07-01T07:00-38.9280.772932.61024.813.9-2257.0030.26NWGESTADIGE KOELTEBEWOLKTE BUIJIGE LUCHT0000000156088
1846-07-02T06:00-38.5383.432952.61026.113.3-2056.0030.30ZW-NWFLAUW, STIL TOT BBZK0000000156089
1846-07-03T06:00-38.0287.773419.31021.413.9-1957.0030.16NAANNEMENDE TOT GEREEFDE MZKHELDER0000000156090
1846-07-04T06:00-37.6790.252741013.313.9-1957.0029.92NTO-WNWSTORMWEER AFNEMENDHELDER0000000156091
1846-07-05T06:00-37.0891.17761.01018.713.3-1456.0030.08NNO, OFLAUW EN AANNEMENDBUIJIG0000000156092
1846-07-06T06:00-35.4091.807615.41019.414.4-1458.0030.10O EN ZOONGESTADIGE DUBBEL GEREEFDE MZK/DICHT GEREEFDE MZK0000000156093
1846-07-07T06:00-33.4892.981224.61024.814.4-1358.0030.26ZO EN ZAFNEMEND TOT BZKBEWOLKT0000000156094
1846-07-08T06:00-31.8094.973622.61027.515.6-1060.0030.34Z, VARBBZKBEWOLKT0000000156095
1846-07-09T06:00-29.6296.951256.71024.117.2-1063.0030.24ZO EN OMZKHEIJIG0000000156096
1846-07-10T06:00-27.9596.933611020.019.4-1067.0030.12O, NO, STILBEWOLKT0000000156097
1846-07-11T05:00-26.8298.023091018.020.6-669.0030.06N, NW EN WZWAANWAKKEREND0000000156098
1846-07-12T05:00-24.8399.882642.61024.119.4-667.0030.24W EN ZWBBZKHELDERE LUCHT0000000156099
1846-07-13T05:00-21.40101.671312.91022.119.4-467.0030.18ZZW, Z, ZOSTIJVE BBZKHELDERE LUCHT0000000156100
1846-07-14T05:00-18.32103.33872.91020.021.7-371.0030.12OZO, ZO, OSTIJVE BBZK, ONGESTADIGBEWOLKT0000000156101
1846-07-15T05:00-15.47104.58662.91016.025.6-278.0030.00OZO, O, ONOSTIJVE BBZK, ONGESTADIGBUITJES1000000156102
1846-07-16T05:00-13.33105.13776.71012.326.1-279.0029.89OTNZEER ONGESTADIGE MZK0000000156103
1846-07-17T05:00-12.07105.23451.01007.927.8082.0029.76O, NOFLAUWE KOELTEBEWOLKT0000000156104
1846-07-18T05:00-11.22104.28451010.626.7080.0029.84O, NOFLAUW, ONGESTADIGBUIJIG0000000156105
1846-07-19T05:00-10.93104.67681.01010.626.7080.0029.84NO, ONOFLAUWBUIJIGHELDER0000000156106
1846-07-20T05:00-9.20106.17902.01010.627.2081.0029.84OLICHTE BBZKBEWOLKT0000000156107
1846-07-21T00:001242.91010.626.7ONTWAREN WIJNKOPERSPUNTONOPEILEN BROUWERS EILAND EN KALAPOPALEMBANG HOEKNO3180.0029.84ZOTOSTIJVE BBZK0000000156108
1846-07-22T05:00-6.10106.86PASSEREN ANJERBRABANTSHOEDJEOTNST. NICOLAASPUNTNOTN110000000156109