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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAAS cruise from Texel to Rio de Janeiro started at 1838-03-27 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750561, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 9.976200 * Median Longitude: -21.969400 * South-bound Latitude: -23.190000 * West-bound Longitude: -43.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.350000 * East-bound Longitude: 2.870000
Date/Time Start: 1838-03-27T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-05-15T15:00:00
Event(s):
Maas_18380327_MAR_D23905_2749 * Latitude Start: 53.090000 * Longitude Start: 4.670000 * Latitude End: -23.370000 * Longitude End: -43.120000 * Date/Time Start: 1838-03-27T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1838-05-15T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maas (Fregat), Voyage: Texel - Rio De Janeiro, 1st Observer: H.W. Van Maren (Ktz), Company: MAR
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
14 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
15 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
16 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the third landmark
17 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
18 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
19 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
20 CommentCommentLife on board
21 Comment 2 (continued)Comm 2Life on board
22 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
23 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
24 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
25 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
26 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
27 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
28 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
29 Present weatherwwWeather description
30 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
31 Cloud typeCloud type
32 ClearnessClearness
33 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
34 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
35 FogFog1 If fog was reported
36 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
37 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
38 HailHail1 If hail was reported
39 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
40 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1286 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
14 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
15 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
16 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the third landmark)
17 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
18 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
19 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
20 
Comment
(Life on board)
21 
Comm 2
(Life on board)
22 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
23 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
24 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
25 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
26 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
27 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
28 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
29 
ww
(Weather description)
30 
Precip descr
31 
Cloud type
32 
Clearness
33 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
34 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
35 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
36 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
37 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
38 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
39 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
40 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1838-03-27T12:0052.352.872491.01022.4SCHEVENINGEN (GIS)OZO 2/3 O14DE ABANK (GIS)Z 1/2 W101VM8ZWTW 1/4 W14.00-21290309.00Z-WFLAUWE KOELTE0000000155442
1838-03-28T12:0051.852.553391.01025.81VM8ZTW 3/4 W8.50-21290411.00NNO-NFLAUWE KOELTEMISTIGE LUCHT0010000155443
1838-03-29T12:0050.841.42560.01025.814.4THE HORSE OF WELLINGTON (GIS)WZW W/Z6DUNGENESSNTO 1/2 O11VM8IN ARREST DE MATROOS 3E KL E. SPELT WEGENS PLICHTSVERZUIM EN VERGRIJP TEGEN DEN SCIEMANSMAAT A. NOOTMAN.ZW 1/8 Z20.25-2358.00290411.00OTNZEER STIL0000000155444
1838-03-30T12:0050.50-1.17451.01021.917.8CATHERINA POINT, WIGHTNW 3/4 WCALVER CLIFF, WIGHTN 1/2 WST ALDANS HEAD (GIS)W 1/2 N101VM8WTZ 3/8 Z18.50-2364.00290307.00ONOFLAUWE KOELTESTIL WEER0000000155445
1838-03-31T12:0050.41-2.32224.61013.415.6PORTLAND (GIS)NWTN IETS N4GOUDSTAART (GIS)W 1/2 Z141VM8WTZ10.50-2360.00290008.00NOBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMISTHEIIGE LUCHT0010000155446
1838-04-01T12:0049.22-5.91659.31010.514.4LEZARD (GIS)NOTN IETS N14HEISAND (GIS)ZO 3/4 Z15KAAP ORTEGAL (GIS)ZTW IETS W85VM8ZWTW 1/8 W25.00-2558.00281108.00OGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEDICHTE LUCHT0000000155447
1838-04-02T13:0046.32-9.16889.31005.712.8KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)Z 1/8 W49VM8ZW 1/4 W55.50-2555.00281000.00OZOGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTESOMS REGENDICHTE LUCHT0100000155448
1838-04-03T13:0042.47-12.85216.71004.012.8KAAP ROXENT (GIS)ZWTZ W/Z Z63PORTO SANTO (GIS)ZW 1/2 W150VM8ZZW 3/4 W52.75-2455.00280905.00NOMARSZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE EN OPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000155449
1838-04-04T13:0038.77-13.683596.71008.614.4PORTO SANTO (GIS)ZTW 3/8 W93VM8IN ARREST DE MATROZEN 3E KLAS L. N. VAN HERFDEN, H. VOGT EN J. VAN REEMS EN DE MARINIERS 3E KLAS J. BARTON, N. HAATS EN T. MARRIJ VOOR BUITEN HUNNE KOOIEN IN HET TUSSCHEN DEKS SLAPENDE GEVONDEN. 12 HANGMATTEN IN ARREST GENOMENDIE BUITEN DE VERSCHANSING OP HET DEK LAGEN.ZTW49.75-2458.00281100.00NNOMARSZEILSKOELTESOMS REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100000155450
1838-04-05T13:0035.23-15.2114.91011.515.6PORTO SANTO (GIS)ZZW W/Z35VM8ZTW52.75-2260.00290000.00NNOFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155451
1838-04-06T13:0033.38-15.743381011.517.8PORTO SANTOZWTW 1/2 WPORTO SANTO (GIS)ZWTW 1/4 W11VM8IN ARREST DE MATROZEN 3E KLAS G. PLUIM EN H. GRONNIER VOOR GEVONDEN TE ZIJN IN HANGMATTEN VAN DE WACHTHEBENDE KWARTIERMEESTER U G B TEN HOPEN EN DE MATROOS 3E KLAS SCHILDER.ZTW 3/4 W21.25-2264.00290000.00O-NLICHTE BUIEN1000000155452
1838-04-07T13:0031.81-15.84474.61011.518.3VM8Z 1/8 W21.25-2165.00290000.00ONOBRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155453
1838-04-08T13:0028.87-14.38474.61008.618.3VM8Z 1/2 W44.50-2165.00281100.00ONOBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGMET ZWARE REGENDIKKE LUCHT1100000155454
1838-04-09T13:0026.98-16.691832.61005.720.0ST ANTONIO, WESTELIJKSTE PUNT (GIS)ZWTZ 1/2 W191VM8Z 1/8 W20.00-2068.00281000.00ZZWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155455
1838-04-10T13:0026.33-17.992064.9999.920.6ST ANTHONIO (GIS)ZW 2/3 Z178VM8ZW 1/3 W16.75-1969.00280800.00WZW-ZWFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIENREGEN1100000155456
1838-04-11T13:0024.13-18.672962.61002.821.7ST ANTHONIO, W-HOEK (GIS)ZW 3/8 Z139VM8ZTW 5/8 W36.00-1971.00280900.00NWFLAAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155457
1838-04-12T13:0022.77-19.86262.61004.021.7ST ANTHONIO, ZW-HOEK (GIS)ZW IETS Z116SAL (GIS)ZZW 1/2 W98VM8ZW21.50-1971.00280905.00NTO-NOFLAAUWE KOELTEREGEN BUIEN1100000155458
1838-04-13T13:0020.65-20.6152.61002.822.8SAL (GIS)ZZW 3/4 W67VM8ZTW 2/3 W32.50-1873.00280900.00NNOFLAAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155459
1838-04-14T13:0018.31-21.02271.01002.826.1SAL (GIS)ZW 1/2 W40BONNARI (GIS)ZW 1/2 Z40VM8ZTW32.50-1879.00280900.00NTO-NOFLAAUW EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155460
1838-04-15T13:0015.25-21.703424.61034.823.9MAIJO (GIS)W22VM8ZTW46.00-1875.00290800.00NNO-NBRAMZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155461
1838-04-16T13:0012.41-21.8262.6VM8Z 5/6 W42.50-17NNOFLAAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000155462
1838-04-17T13:0010.36-21.413322.6999.924.4VM8ZTO29.75-1776.00280800.00NTWFLAAUWE KOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155463
1838-04-18T13:008.29-21.05282.6991.226.1VM8ZTO32.25-1779.00280500.00NOFLAAUWE KOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155464
1838-04-19T13:006.26-20.9661.0994.127.2VM8-1781.00280600.00N-NNOFLAAUW EN STIL0000000155465
1838-04-20T13:005.96-21.15282.6995.326.7VM8ZTW 7/8 W9.50-1780.00280605.00NOFLAAUWE KOELTEOPKLARENDE LUCHTHEIIGE LUCHT0000000155466
1838-04-21T13:004.51-21.23841.0995.527.2VM8IN DE BOEIEN GESLOTEN DE MATROOS 3E KLAS J ROSE SCHULDIG AAN DIEVERIJEN.Z 1/2 W22.25-1781.00280606.00OZO-OTZFLAUWE KOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155467
1838-04-22T13:004.08-20.923431.0997.027.8VM8IN ARREST WEGENS LIEDERLIJKHEDEN DE MATROOS 3E KLAS SNIJDERS EN DE SCHEEPSJONGEN EKERUS EN WEGENS ONGEREGELDHEDEN DE MARINIER ANDRIESSENZ IETS W7.00-1782.00280700.00NFLAUWE KOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155468
1838-04-23T13:003.35-20.192311.0996.228.3VM8IN ARREST WEGENS ONGEREGELDHEDEN BIJ HET SCHAFTEN DE MARINIER EBERLEZO11.00-1783.00280609.00WTZ-WZWFLAUWE KOELTE EN FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155469
1838-04-24T13:002.13-19.172322.6994.128.3VM8IN ARREST DE MATROOS 2E KLAS L. VOS EN DE MATROOS 3E KLAS WEISENBACH WEGENS ONGEREGELDHEDEN BIJ HET SCHAFTEN.ZOTZ21.25-1683.00280600.00ZW-WZWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155470
1838-04-25T13:001.33-18.312431.0VM8ZO 1/16 O17.50-16ZTW-WTZVARIABEL EN FLAUWBEWOLKTE LUCHTEN0000000155471
1838-04-26T13:000.77-19.331532.6994.127.8VM8WZW17.00-1682.00280600.00Z-ZTOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000155472
1838-04-27T13:00-0.39-20.811532.6994.127.5VM8IN ARREST WEGENS VERREGAANDE ONACHTZAAMHEID DE LUIT. TER ZEE 1E KLAS J VAN DER SCHAAF.ZW 7/8 W28.00-1681.50280600.00Z-ZTOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155473
1838-04-28T13:00-1.59-21.911194.6994.127.8KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/4 Z435VM8ZW 1/4 W23.75-1682.00280600.00ZOONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHT, GOED WEER1000000155474
1838-04-29T14:00-3.11-23.731001.0994.126.7KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/4 Z400VM8ZW 1/3 W36.50-1380.00280600.00NNW-OZOFLAUW EN STILWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155475
1838-04-30T14:00-4.28-25.491784.6995.827.2KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/3 Z370FERNANBUCO? (GIS)WZW150VM8WEGENS VECHTERIJ IN DE BOEIEN DE OFFICIERS KOK HAGEN EN DE BAKKER RHELEMEIJER.ZWTW30.75-1381.00280607.00ZO-ZTWONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGEN1100000155476
1838-05-01T14:00-7.47-27.781256.7997.527.5KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/3 Z317FERNANBUCO (GIS)W 1/3 Z92VM8IN DE BOEIEN GESLOTEN SCHULDIG AAN BRUTALITEIT EN DRONKENSCHAP DE ZEILMAKERS BAAS J BERGMAN.ZW 3/4 Z52.50-1081.50280702.00ZOMARSZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155477
1838-05-02T14:00-10.44-29.821144.6995.327.2KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/4 Z257PORTO FRANCESSES (GIS)W 2/3 N90VM8ZWTZ53.00-1081.00280605.00ZO-ZOTOBRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155478
1838-05-03T14:00-12.81-31.321264.6997.027.2KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW215ST FRANCISCO RIVIER (GIS)WNW IETS W78VM8ZWTZ42.25-981.00280700.00ZOBRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155479
1838-05-04T14:00-14.33-32.491151.0995.026.7KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW183RIO RIOLE (GIS)71VM8ZWTZ27.50-980.00280604.00ZOTOFLAUWE KOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155480
1838-05-05T14:00-15.33-33.381071.0991.226.7KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/4 W170ALBRHOLOS EILAND (GIS)ZWTW 1/2 W74VM8MARINIER 3E KLAS J. SPELT AFGESTRAFT MET 50 RIETJESLAGEN EN UIT ARREST ONTSLAGEN WEGENS VERREGAANDE BRUTALITEIT TEGEN SUPERIEUREN.ZWTZ16.00-680.00280500.00OZOFLAUWE KOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155481
1838-05-06T14:00-16.43-34.12391.0997.026.7VM8ZZW 1/8 W19.50-680.00280700.00O-NOFLAUWE KOELTEOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155482
1838-05-07T14:00-18.35-35.76299999.927.8KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 1/2 W112KAAP ST THOMAS (GIS)ZW 2/3 W93VM8ZW 1/2 Z38.50-582.00280800.00NTW-NWTWBUIIGE LUCHT MET WINDMET REGENOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100000155483
1838-05-08T14:00-19.70-36.72401.0994.126.1KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZWTW90ST THOMAS (GIS)ZWTW 1/6 W71RIO DOCE (GIS)W 1/2 N42VM8ZW 1/3 Z22.75-579.00280600.00ONO-NOFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000155484
1838-05-09T15:00-20.44-38.24235994.125.0KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 3/4 W65KAAP THOMAS (GIS)ZWTW46RIO DOCE (GIS)NWTW 1/3 W25VM8ZWTW 2/3 W24.75-177.00280600.00ZTW-ZWTWAFWISSELENDE KOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155485
1838-05-10T15:00-20.63-38.402351.01001.124.4KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZW 7/8 W62ST THOMAS (GIS)ZWTW 1/3 W42VM8IN DE BOEIEN DE KWARTIERMEESTER GIJSBERTS WEGENS ONACHTZAAMHEID IN DE DIENST.ZW 7/8 Z4.50-176.00280805.00ZWTWFLAUWE KOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155486
1838-05-11T15:00-21.38-38.681796.71002.824.4KAAP FRIO (GIS)ZWTW 1/2 W54ST THOMAS (GIS)WZW 1/3 W34ESPIRITO SANTO (GIS)NWTW28VM8TEN 7 1/2 UUR VIEL DE MATROOS 1E KLAS BRECKVELD OVER BOORD, BRASTEN TEGEN EN REDDEN HEM.ZZW12.50-176.00280900.00ZTW-ZONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155487
1838-05-12T15:00-21.58-40.642244.61010.122.8KAAP ST THOMAS (GIS)ZW 2/3 Z10VM8W 1/2 Z26.75-173.00281106.00ZTW-ZWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155488
1838-05-13T15:00-22.73-41.361246.71002.823.9KAAP BADIS (GIS)WTZ8KAAP FRIO (GIS)WZW 1/3 W11VM8ZWTZ21.00075.00280900.00ZOTOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE0000000155489
1838-05-14T15:00-23.19-43.162511.01002.822.8SUIKERBROOD, RIO DE JANEIRONWTW1VM8373.00280900.00WNW-WZWFLAUWE KOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000155490
1838-05-15T15:00-22.90-43.16261.01007.622.81VM8WZW4.75373.00281008.00NNW-NNOFLAUW EN STILBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGENOPKLARENDE1100000155491