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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAAS cruise from New York to Texel started at 1835-09-17 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750557, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 44.127813 * Median Longitude: -34.715000 * South-bound Latitude: 38.950000 * West-bound Longitude: -73.800000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.500000 * East-bound Longitude: 3.950000
Date/Time Start: 1835-09-17T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-10-19T00:00:00
Event(s):
Maas_18350917_MAR_D23905_2748 * Latitude Start: 40.670000 * Longitude Start: -74.040000 * Latitude End: 53.090000 * Longitude End: 4.670000 * Date/Time Start: 1835-09-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-10-19T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maas (Fregat), Voyage: New York - Texel, 1st Observer: Arriens (Kapitein), Company: MAR, Other ship information: SCHIP IS BEWAPEND MET 28 STUKKEN A 18 POND, 2 STUKKEN A 8 POND EN 18 CARONNADEN A 30 POND
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
14 LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
15 BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
16 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the third landmark
17 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
18 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
19 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
20 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
21 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
22 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
23 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
24 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
25 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
26 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
27 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
28 Present weatherwwWeather description
29 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
30 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
31 Cloud typeCloud type
32 ClearnessClearness
33 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
34 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
35 FogFog1 If fog was reported
36 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
37 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
38 HailHail1 If hail was reported
39 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
40 CommentComment
41 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
820 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
14 
Landmark
(Name of third landmark)
15 
Bearing
(Bearing of the third landmark)
16 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the third landmark)
17 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
18 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
19 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
20 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
21 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
22 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
23 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
24 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
25 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
26 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
27 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
28 
ww
(Weather description)
29 
Precip descr
30 
State sea descr
31 
Cloud type
32 
Clearness
33 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
34 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
35 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
36 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
37 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
38 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
39 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
40 
Comment
41 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1835-09-17T17:0040.45-73.801092.61029.317.2VUREN VAN NEVERSINKZ 62° WSANDY HOEKN 85° WVM8ANKER OP.-463.00772.00ZOTZ-OZOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155399
1835-09-18T17:0040.73-72.551314.61025.318.9VM8ONO 2/3 O14.75-466.00769.00ZOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000155400
1835-09-19T17:0038.95-72.941096.71000.021.1NAUTUCHET EILAND (GIS)NNO 1/2 O61VM8Z 3/4 W26.50-470.00750.00ZO-OZOMARSZEILSKOELTE EN AANNEMENDE KOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155401
1835-09-20T17:0039.20-71.202409.3998.721.1VM8O 7/8 N21.25-870.00749.00ZW-WZWSTIJVE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEHOGE ZEEBETROKKEN LUCHT, OPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000155402
1835-09-21T17:0039.32-67.812172.61009.322.8VM8O 1/4 N38.00-873.00757.00ZTO-ZWVAN BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000155403
1835-09-22T16:0039.73-64.332142.61018.725.6VM8O 3/4 N41.50-1178.00764.00ZWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MINDERE KOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155404
1835-09-23T16:0039.79-62.711584.61020.023.3VM8O IETS N18.50-1174.00765.00Z-ZTOONGESTADIGE KOELTE, TUSSEN FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENDIKKE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT0100000155405
1835-09-24T16:0039.65-60.20201.01018.720.6ZPUNT VAN CORVO (GIS)O336VM8O 1/4 Z28.50-1469.00764.00ONO-NOTNFLAUWE KOELTEWEINIG REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100000155406
1835-09-25T16:0040.50-57.571776.71020.024.4CORVO (GIS)O 1/4 Z281VM8OTN 1/4 N56.00-1476.00765.00ZZW-ZTWONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTEOPKLARENDE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0000000155407
1835-09-26T16:0039.80-54.93176.71018.721.7VM8O 2/3 N39.75-1771.00764.00NO-NOTNFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, AFNEMENDE KOELTE EN STILT, MARSZEILSKOELTEREGENDIKKE BETROKKEN LUCHT0100000a trivial correction was made in this observation155408
1835-09-27T16:0040.10-53.351632.6VM8ZOTO 1/4 O21.00-17ZFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTESTEEDS REGENHOGE DEINING UIT HET O0100000155409
1835-09-28T15:0040.12-47.683411.0VM8O 1/8 Z27.00-19NTO-NFLAUWE KOELTEDIKKE LUCHT, MISTIGE LUCHT0000000155410
1835-09-29T15:0042.37-45.272942.6ZPUNT VAN EILAND CORVO (GIS)OZO 3/4 O160VM8NOTO35.00-21WZW-NWBRAMZEILSKOELTE ONGESTADIGE KOELTEOOK ZONBETROKKEN LUCHT, DIKKE LUCHT0000000155411
1835-09-30T15:0044.05-40.903119.3NPUNT GRACIOSA (GIS)ZOTO 2/3 O158VIGIA ? (SIC)O 1/2 Z16VM8NOTO 1/2 O55.00-27NNWGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEHOGE ZEEONGESTADIGE BEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155412
1835-10-01T15:0043.95-38.29291.0CORVO (GIS)ZO 3/4 O102SCILLY (GIS)ONO 3/4 O347VM8O 1/4 Z27.75-27NNO-NOTOFLAUWE KOELTEHOGE DEININGHELDERE LUCHT0000000155413
1835-10-02T14:0044.90-36.053449.31002.720.0SCILLY (GIS)ONO 3/4 O308VM8NOTO 3/4 O27.75-2768.00752.00WTZ-NTOONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN AFNEMENDE KOELTEHOGE ZEEBETROKKEN LUCHT, REGENACHTIGE LUCHT0000000155414
1835-10-03T14:0044.82-32.67186.71016.017.8SORLINGS (GIS)ONO 1/2 O283VM8O 1/4 Z38.75-2764.00762.00NOMARSZEILSKOELTE EN AFNEMENDE KOELTEWEINIG REGENOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT0100000155415
1835-10-04T14:0044.87-29.793449.3ISLE VERTE (GIS)O25SORLINGS (GIS)ONO 3/8 O235VM8O 1/4 N40.50-27NNW-NTOGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIENHOGE ZEEDIKKE LUCHT1000000155416
1835-10-05T14:0044.77-26.973229.31014.717.2SORLINGS (GIS)ONO 1/8 O223ISLE VERTE (GIS)NO 2/3 O5VM8O 2/3 Z20.00-2763.00761.00NTO-NTWONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155417
1835-10-06T14:0044.18-24.543444.616.7SORLINGS (GIS)NOTO 3/4 O205VM8OZO 1/3 O27.25-2762.00N-NTOBRAMZEILSKOELTENU EN DAN REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT0100000155418
1835-10-07T13:0043.73-21.673344.6SORLINGS (GIS)NOTO 1/3 O187VM8OTZ32.00-26NO-NONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWEINIG REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT0100000155419
1835-10-08T13:0043.35-19.243579.31016.017.8SORLINGS (GIS)NO 2/3 O166KAAP FINISTERRE (GIS)O 1/3 Z108VM8OZO 7/8 O27.25-2664.00762.00N-NNOONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEWEINIG REGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT0100000155420
1835-10-09T13:0044.37-16.062674.6SORLINGS (GIS)NO 2/3 O135DEVILS ROCK (GIS)NO 1/2 O52VM8NOTO 1/8 O29.75-26WNWONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENDIKKE LUCHT0100000155421
1835-10-10T13:0046.32-12.882899.3SORLINGS (GIS)NO 1/2 O88DEVILS ROCK (GIS)NNW 1/4 W4HEYSANT (GIS)ONO88VM8NOTO52.00-26NWONGESTADIGE AANNEMENDE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEAANNEMENDE ZEEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155422
1835-10-11T13:0046.90-9.653249.3OUESSANT (?) (GIS)NOTO 1/2 O55LEZARD (GIS)NO IETS O63SORLINGS (GIS)NO 3/4 N54VM8ONO 1/2 O32.00-25NWTN-NTWONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN AFNEMENDE KOELTEBUIENREGENBEWOLKTE LUCHTHELDERE LUCHT1100000155423
1835-10-12T12:0047.37-6.673154.6SORLINGS (GIS)N 1/2 O38LEZARD (GIS)NNO43HEYSANT (GIS)NO23VM8ONO 7/8 O31.50-23WTN-NNWBRAMZEILSKOELTEMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155424
1835-10-13T12:0049.88-2.692686.7KISKASSEN (GIS)ZOTO 1/8 O4PORTLAND (GIS)NTO 1/2 O10SINT CATHARINE (ISLE OF WIGHT) (GIS)NO 2/3 O181VM8NO 1/8 O54.50-25WNWSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERDIKKE LUCHT, OPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000155425
1835-10-14T12:0050.881.023262.6ZUID VOORLANDNO 1/2 NVUURTOREN VAN DUNGENESNNW 2/3 W1VM8NOTO 1/3 O41.00NAAR AANLEIDING VAN DE PEILING WORDT HET BESTEK AANGEPAST.-23NW-NTWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTENU EN DAN MOTREGEN0100000155426
1835-10-15T12:0051.422.133602.6NPUNT HINDER (GIS)NOTO 1/2 O6VUURSCHIP GALLOPER (GIS)NNW51VM8NOTO 7/8 O7.50-23NTW-NNOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000155427
1835-10-16T12:0051.621.913600.0NOORD VOORLAND (GIS)Z 65° WGALLOPERSCHIP (GIS)NOTN2KIJKDUIN (GIS)NO 2/3 O341VM8NW 1/4 W4.50-23NNW-NNOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, STILMOOI WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155428
1835-10-17T12:0051.502.52242.6KIJKDUIN (GIS)NO 1/4 N30VUURSCHIP GALLOPER (GIS)NWTW 1/4 W71VM8OZO 5/8 O5.00-21NO-NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155429
1835-10-18T12:0052.503.95921.0KIJKDUIN (GIS)NO 1/8 O10UITERHEN (?) (GIS)NO 1/8 O9NAASTE LAND ZANDVOORT (GIS)OZO IETS O61VM8NO 1/3 N20.00-21ZO-OZOFLAUWE KOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000155430
1835-10-19T00:00681VM8OZO-ONOHELDERE LUCHT0000000155431