García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during MAAS cruise from Curaçao to New York started at 1835-08-08 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750556, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 28.139375 * Median Longitude: -70.786250 * South-bound Latitude: 14.750000 * West-bound Longitude: -73.830000 * North-bound Latitude: 39.970000 * East-bound Longitude: -68.160000
Date/Time Start: 1835-08-08T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-08-24T00:00:00
Event(s):
Maas_18350808_MAR_D23905_2748 * Latitude Start: 12.370000 * Longitude Start: -68.570000 * Latitude End: 40.670000 * Longitude End: -74.040000 * Date/Time Start: 1835-08-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-08-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Maas (Fregat), Voyage: Curaçao - New York, 1st Observer: Arriens (Kapitein), Company: MAR, Other ship information: SCHIP IS BEWAPEND MET 28 STUKKEN A 18 POND, 2 STUKKEN A 8 POND EN 18 CARONNADEN A 30 POND
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 8 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 9 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 10 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 11 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of second landmark | |||
| 12 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the second landmark | |||
| 13 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the second landmark | ||
| 14 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of third landmark | |||
| 15 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the third landmark | |||
| 16 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 17 | Watch | Watch | Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships | |||
| 18 | Glasses | Glasses | Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses | |||
| 19 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 20 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 21 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 22 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 23 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 24 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 25 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 26 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 27 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 28 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 29 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 30 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 31 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 32 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 33 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 34 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 35 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 36 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 37 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 38 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
447 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) | 7 TTT [°C] | 8 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 11 Landmark (Name of second landmark) | 12 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark) | 13 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark) | 14 Landmark (Name of third landmark) | 15 Bearing (Bearing of the third landmark) | 16 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 17 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...) | 18 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...) | 19 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 20 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 21 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 22 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 23 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) | 24 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 25 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 26 ww (Weather description) | 27 Precip descr | 28 State sea descr | 29 Cloud type | 30 Clearness | 31 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 32 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 33 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 34 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 35 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 36 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 37 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 38 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1835-08-08T17:00 | 14.75 | -69.24 | 94 | 6.7 | 1014.7 | 27.8 | MONA (GIS) | NTO 2/3 O | 61 | KAAP ESPANZA (ST DOMINGO) (GIS) | N 7/8 O | 63 | VM | 8 | N 1/8 W | 31.00 | 4 | 82.00 | 761.00 | OTN-O | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | EN EEN BUI | WEINIG REGEN | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155382 | |||||
| 1835-08-09T17:00 | 17.03 | -68.77 | 105 | 6.7 | 1015.6 | 27.8 | MONICA (GIS) | NO 7/8 O | 29 | NAASTE LAND VAN ST DOMINGO (GIS) | NNW | 19 | VM | 8 | N 3/4 W | 34.50 | 4 | 82.00 | 761.70 | ONO-OTZ | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT MARSZEILSKOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT, BUIÏGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155383 | |||||||
| 1835-08-10T17:00 | 18.15 | -69.23 | 138 | 2.6 | 1016.7 | 27.8 | KLEIN MONA (GIS) | O | 18 | ZW PUNT SAONA (GIS) | O 3/4 N | 6 | OOSTELIJKSTE LAND | N 86° 0 | VM | 8 | NTO 1/2 O | 17.75 | 3 | 82.00 | 762.50 | O-ZO | FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155384 | |||
| 1835-08-11T17:00 | 18.53 | -68.16 | 82 | 1.0 | 1018.7 | 28.3 | KAAP ESPADA | ZW 3/4 W | NOORDELIJKSTE LAND | NWTN | VM | 8 | NOTO 3/4 O | 13.00 | 3 | 83.00 | 764.00 | OZO-OTN | FLAUWE KOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155385 | |||||||||
| 1835-08-12T17:00 | 20.13 | -68.43 | 82 | 4.6 | 1020.0 | 27.8 | SUPERBBANK IN PURDYS KAART (GIS) | NW 7/8 N | 13 | VM | 8 | N 1/8 W | 24.00 | 3 | 82.00 | 765.00 | OTN | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155386 | ||||||||||
| 1835-08-13T17:00 | 22.93 | -68.99 | 80 | 6.7 | 1016.0 | 27.8 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW 1/4 W | 270 | VM | 8 | NTW | 42.50 | 1 | 82.00 | 762.00 | ONO-OTN | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | WOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155387 | |||||||||
| 1835-08-14T17:00 | 26.02 | -69.64 | 80 | 6.7 | 1017.3 | 27.2 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW 1/3 W | 222 | VM | 8 | N 7/8 W | 47.00 | 1 | 81.00 | 763.00 | OTN | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155388 | ||||||||||
| 1835-08-15T17:00 | 28.73 | -70.35 | 89 | 4.6 | 1019.3 | 27.2 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW 1/4 W | 183 | VM | 8 | NTW 1/4 W | 42.00 | -1 | 81.00 | 764.50 | ONO-O | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155389 | |||||||||
| 1835-08-16T17:00 | 30.33 | -71.15 | 55 | 1.2 | 1023.3 | 27.2 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW 1/3 W | 163 | VM | 8 | NNW 1/8 W | 26.25 | -1 | 81.00 | 767.50 | ONO-NOTO | ZEER FLAUWE KOELTE, TEGEN DE MIDDAG STERKER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155390 | |||||||||||
| 1835-08-17T17:00 | 31.48 | -71.96 | 67 | 1.0 | 1021.3 | 27.2 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW IETS W | 139 | VM | 8 | NNW 3/4 W | 20.25 | -1 | 81.00 | 766.00 | ONO | FLAUWE KOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155391 | ||||||||||
| 1835-08-18T17:00 | 32.55 | -72.44 | 221 | 2.6 | 1020.0 | 26.7 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW | 120 | VM | 8 | NTW 7/8 W | 17.25 | -4 | 80.00 | 765.00 | ZW | FLAUWE KOELTE, FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155392 | ||||||||
| 1835-08-19T17:00 | 35.28 | -72.73 | 258 | 9.3 | 26.7 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NTW 1/8 W | 78 | VM | 8 | N 1/2 W | 41.00 | -1 | 80.00 | WTZ | GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | REGEN | BUIÏGE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155393 | |||||||||||
| 1835-08-20T17:00 | 36.75 | -72.04 | 131 | 1.0 | 1016.0 | 26.1 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NNW 1/3 W | 59 | VM | 8 | NTO 7/8 O | 24.75 | -4 | 79.00 | 762.00 | ZO | STIL TOT FLAUWE KOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155394 | ||||||||||
| 1835-08-21T17:00 | 37.88 | -72.81 | 322 | 4.6 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NNW | 40 | KAAP MAY (DELAWARE) (GIS) | NWTW | 30 | VM | 8 | NNW 1/2 W | 18.50 | -4 | NW-NWTN | BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE, SOMS GEHEEL STIL | WEINIG REGEN | BEWOLKTE LUCHT, OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155395 | ||||||||||
| 1835-08-22T17:00 | 39.72 | -72.81 | 266 | 9.3 | 1016.0 | 20.6 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | NWTW 1/2 W | 18 | VM | 8 | N | 28.00 | -4 | 69.00 | 762.00 | WNW-W | GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | GOED WEER | AANNEMENDE ZEE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155396 | ||||||||
| 1835-08-23T17:00 | 39.97 | -73.83 | 334 | 6.7 | 1021.3 | 19.4 | SANDY HOEK (GIS) | N IETS W | 6 | WESTELIJKSTE LAND | ZW IETS Z | NOORDELIJKSTE LAND | N | VM | 8 | WNW 1/2 W | 12.50 | -4 | 67.00 | 766.00 | NNW | ONGESTADIGE STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN ZEER STIL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155397 | |||||||
| 1835-08-24T00:00 | 40.47 | 361 | 0.0 | 1022.0 | 19.4 | NEVERSINK DRAAIVUUR | ZWTW 3/4 W | VUURTOREN VAN SANDY HOEK | W 1/4 N | 1 | VM | 8 | 67.00 | 766.50 | STIL EN ZO LUCHTJE | STIL | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 155398 |