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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during LOOPUIJT cruise from Rotterdam to Rio de Janeiro started at 1849-08-08 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750507, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 16.397273 * Median Longitude: -19.427727 * South-bound Latitude: -22.900000 * West-bound Longitude: -43.160000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.380000 * East-bound Longitude: -1.120000
Date/Time Start: 1849-08-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-09-23T23:00:00
Event(s):
Loopuijt_18490808_H_REIS_4_P79-98 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -23.370000 * Longitude End: -43.120000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-08-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-09-23T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Loopuijt (Bark), Voyage: Rotterdam - Rio De Janeiro, 1st Observer: A. Van Wijk (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7 Temperature, airTTT°C
8 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
12 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
15 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
16 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the attached thermometer
18 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
19 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
20 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
21 FogFog1 If fog was reported
22 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
23 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24 HailHail1 If hail was reported
25 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
898 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)		5 
ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)		6 
PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)		7 
TTT [°C]		8 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)		9 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)		10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)		11 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)		12 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)		13 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)		14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)		15 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)		16 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)		17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the attached therm...)		18 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)		19 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)		20 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)		21 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)		22 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)		23 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)		24 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)		25 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)		26 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1849-08-08T00:00906.71PV84O40000000151796
1849-08-09T00:002032.61006.81PV8229.73ZZW68.020000000151797
1849-08-10T00:0050.722252.61009.21PV8229.80ZW72.020000000151798
1849-08-11T20:0050.38-1.122486.71012.61PV8-22429.90W72.040000000151799
1849-08-12T20:0050.12-3.231346.71007.528.01PV8-24428.0029.75ZZO73.040000000151800
1849-08-13T20:0050.15-3.471906.71005.128.01PV8-24428.0029.68ZWTZ71.040000000151801
1849-08-14T20:0049.88-3.7023519.01010.928.01PV8-24828.0029.85WTZ68.080000000151802
1849-08-15T20:0049.57-4.572351016.028.01PV8-2428.0030.00WTZ69.00000000151803
1849-08-16T20:0049.40-3.732126.71010.628.01PV8-24428.0029.84ZWTW65.040000000151804
1849-08-17T20:0048.80-4.052696.71015.628.01PV8-24428.0029.99WNW66.040000000151805
1849-08-18T20:0048.62-6.483024.61021.126.0PV8-24326.0030.15NWTN64.030000000151806
1849-08-19T21:0045.20-9.453369.31028.526.0PV8-24526.0030.37N50000000151807
1849-08-20T21:0043.03-12.023596.71028.922.3PV8-24422.3030.38NNO64.040000000151808
1849-08-21T21:0040.78-14.03449.31021.122.3PV8-24522.3030.15ONO74.050000000151809
1849-08-22T21:0038.38-15.35219.31043.122.3PV8-24522.3030.80NO74.050000000151810
1849-08-23T21:0035.95-16.37239.31022.422.3PV8-22522.3030.19NO74.050000000151811
1849-08-24T21:0033.52-17.40124.61020.021.0PV8-22321.0030.12NOTN75.030000000151812
1849-08-25T21:0031.23-18.52244.61019.421.0PV8NO1/2O-21321.0030.10NO82.030000000151813
1849-08-26T21:0028.52-19.77246.71043.119.0PV8-21419.0030.80NO83.040000000151814
1849-08-27T21:0025.58-21.08369.31016.019.0PV8-20519.0030.00NOTO80.050000000151815
1849-08-28T22:0025.12-22.58716.71015.319.0PV8-19419.0029.98O80.040000000151816
1849-08-29T22:0019.58-23.121176.718.0PV8-18418.00ZO40000000151817
1849-08-30T22:0017.38-23.22966.715.0PV8-17415.00OZO40000000151818
1849-08-31T22:0016.07-23.23629.315.0PV8-17515.00OTN50000000151819
1849-09-01T22:0014.43-22.721079.315.0PV8-17515.00ZOTO50000000151820
1849-09-02T21:0012.68-21.87504.615.0PV8-18315.00ONO30000000151821
1849-09-03T21:0010.82-21.10274.612.0PV8-18312.00NO30000000151822
1849-09-04T21:008.95-20.4021812.312.0PV8-18612.00ZWTW60000000151823
1849-09-05T21:007.68-19.832309.312.0PV8-18512.00WZW50000000151824
1849-09-06T21:006.20-19.172426.712.0PV8-17412.00WTZ40000000151825
1849-09-07T21:004.18-17.8720812.314.0PV8-17614.00ZW60000000151826
1849-09-08T21:003.80-16.921954.614.0PV8-19314.00ZWTZ30000000151827
1849-09-09T21:003.62-18.0218612.314.0PV8-17614.00ZZW60000000151828
1849-09-10T21:002.72-19.8318612.311.2PV8-17611.15ZZW60000000151829
1849-09-11T21:001.07-21.9818612.311.2PV8-17611.15ZZW60000000151830
1849-09-12T22:00-1.00-23.6215412.311.2PV8-15611.15ZTO60000000151831
1849-09-13T22:00-3.67-24.4514412.310.0PV8-14610.00ZZO60000000151832
1849-09-14T22:00-5.60-24.951109.39.0PV8-1459.00ZOTO50000000151833
1849-09-15T22:00-7.57-25.581219.39.0PV8-1459.00ZO50000000151834
1849-09-16T22:00-9.52-26.7714412.39.0PV8-1469.00ZZO60000000151835
1849-09-17T22:00-11.55-28.381479.38.0PV8-1158.00ZZO50000000151836
1849-09-18T22:00-14.10-29.421489.38.0PV8-1058.00ZZO50000000151837
1849-09-19T22:00-15.67-32.4714826.84.0PV8-10104.00ZZO100000000151838
1849-09-20T22:00-17.98-34.6712912.32.0PV8-662.00ZO60000000151839
1849-09-21T22:00-19.80-36.451189.30.0PV8-650.00ZOTO50000000151840
1849-09-22T23:00-22.57-38.7011212.30.0PV8-160.00OZO60000000151841
1849-09-23T23:00-22.90-43.16471PV82NO0000000151842