García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during LIVERPOOL cruise from Spithead to Norfolk started at 1775-09-16 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.750489, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 40.067097 * Median Longitude: -28.806129 * South-bound Latitude: 30.720000 * West-bound Longitude: -44.250000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.650000 * East-bound Longitude: -6.330000
Date/Time Start: 1775-09-16T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-11-25T15:00:00
Event(s):
Liverpool_17750916_NMM_ADM/L/L172 * Latitude Start: 50.680000 * Longitude Start: -0.960000 * Latitude End: 36.490000 * Longitude End: -74.180000 * Date/Time Start: 1775-09-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1775-11-25T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Liverpool (6th Rate Frigate), Voyage: Spithead - Norfolk, Virginia, 1st Observer: Henry Bellow (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 28G 586BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 15 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 16 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 17 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 18 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 19 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 20 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 21 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 22 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 23 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 24 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
590 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 Precip descr | 15 State sea descr | 16 Clearness | 17 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 18 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 19 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 20 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 21 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 22 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 23 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 24 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1775-09-16T12:00 | 48.92 | -6.33 | 169 | 6.7 | START | N52E | 44 | S59W | 111.00 | -22 | N, NBW, N, NBW, SBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151191 | ||
| 1775-09-17T13:00 | 49.00 | -7.70 | 203 | 19.0 | SCILLY | N37E | 23 | N84W | 52.00 | -22 | NWBW, WNW, WBN, W, WBN, WBS, SWBW, SWBS, SW | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151192 | ||
| 1775-09-18T13:00 | 49.60 | -8.05 | 259 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N72E | 22 | N21W | 39.00 | -22 | SWBS, NBW, WBN | FIRST PART HARD GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE HEAVY GALES, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER RAIN | MIDDLE GREAT SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151193 | |
| 1775-09-19T13:00 | 49.65 | -8.26 | 248 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N77E | 25 | N30W | 45.00 | -22 | WSW, SWBS, WBN, W | MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151194 | ||
| 1775-09-20T13:00 | 49.63 | -9.56 | 169 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N80E | 40 | S89W | 50.00 | -22 | SWBW, SW, SBW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART SWELL FROM SW | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151195 | |
| 1775-09-21T13:00 | 49.30 | -10.76 | 226 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N77E | 56 | S67W | 51.00 | -22 | SBW, NWBN, NW, WBN, WSW | FIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151196 | ||
| 1775-09-22T13:00 | 49.47 | -12.33 | 147 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N83E | 73 | N75W | 54.00 | -22 | WSW, WBN, WBS, SWBW, SBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151197 | ||
| 1775-09-23T13:00 | 48.92 | -12.63 | 213 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N77E | 94 | S52W | 52.00 | -23 | SBE, SEBS, NW, W, WBS, SWBW | MIDDLE LIGHT WINDS, LATTER MODERATE | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151198 | |
| 1775-09-24T13:00 | 48.38 | -15.45 | 135 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N75E | 129 | S67W | 82.00 | -23 | SWBW, S, SBE, SSE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151199 | ||
| 1775-09-25T13:00 | 47.38 | -17.21 | 58 | 1.0 | SCILLY | N70E | 149 | S48W | 88.00 | -21 | SSW, ESE, EBN | LIGHT AIRS | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151200 | ||
| 1775-09-26T13:00 | 45.72 | -17.81 | 24 | 6.7 | SCILLY | N63E | 184 | S34W | 120.00 | -21 | NE | MODERATE BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151201 | ||
| 1775-09-27T13:00 | 45.90 | -20.45 | 215 | 19.0 | SCILLY | N66E | 200 | N79W | 58.00 | -21 | N, NWBN, CALM, WSW, SW, SWBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151202 | ||
| 1775-09-28T13:00 | 44.78 | -20.86 | 317 | 22.6 | SCILLY | N62E | 220 | S28W | 76.00 | -21 | SWBW, NWBN, NWBW, NNW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER STRONG GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151203 | |||
| 1775-09-29T13:00 | 43.65 | -21.71 | 339 | 19.0 | SCILLY | N60E | 250 | S43W | 92.00 | -21 | NW, N, NBE, N | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151204 | |||
| 1775-09-30T14:00 | 42.97 | -24.18 | 340 | SCILLY | N60E | 270 | S59W | 78.00 | -20 | N, NWBW, WSW, NW, SWBW, NBW, NBE, N | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES | FIRST PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151205 | |||
| 1775-11-10T15:00 | 30.72 | -41.33 | 228 | 19.0 | CORVO | N73E | 640 | N30W | 92.00 | -8 | NE, E, SSE, SBW, SWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151206 | ||
| 1775-11-11T15:00 | 32.13 | -40.70 | 296 | 19.0 | CORVO | N75E | 620 | N21E | 91.00 | -8 | SBW, WBN, NWBW, W, NWBW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151207 | ||
| 1775-11-12T15:00 | 32.95 | -39.91 | 282 | 22.6 | CORVO | N76:30E | 605 | N40E | 61.00 | -11 | WNW, NWBW, WNW, | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151208 | ||
| 1775-11-13T15:00 | 32.18 | -40.35 | 285 | 19.0 | CORVO | N43E | 616 | S24W | 51.00 | -8 | NWBW, WBN, NEBN, NWBW, WNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151209 | ||
| 1775-11-14T15:00 | 30.93 | -41.25 | 296 | 6.7 | CORVO | N73:30E | 639 | S31W | 88.00 | -8 | WNW, NWBW, WNW, NW, NWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151210 | ||
| 1775-11-15T15:00 | 32.38 | -41.98 | 217 | 22.6 | CORVO | N76E | 641 | N36W | 108.00 | -8 | WBN, W, WBS, WSW, SWBW, SW | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZES, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151211 | ||
| 1775-11-16T15:00 | 32.20 | -42.28 | 296 | 9.3 | CORVO | N76E | 638 | S48E | 14.00 | -8 | SSW, SW, NWBW, WNW, NWBW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE MORE MODERATE, LATTER FRESH BREEZES | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151212 | ||
| 1775-11-17T15:00 | 32.42 | -42.13 | 330 | 19.0 | CORVO | N76:25E | 640 | N32E | 15.00 | -8 | WNW, NWBW, NW, NNW | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151213 | ||
| 1775-11-18T15:00 | 31.82 | -43.10 | 308 | 6.7 | CORVO | N75:46E | 659 | S53W | 59.00 | -7 | NWBW, NW, NNW, NWBN, NNW, NBW, NW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151214 | ||
| 1775-11-19T15:00 | 32.62 | -44.10 | 215 | 19.0 | CORVO | N77E | 662 | N46W | 72.00 | -10 | NWBW, NNW, N, CALM, SSE, SSW, SW | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151215 | ||
| 1775-11-20T15:00 | 33.25 | -44.01 | 361 | 1.0 | CORVO | N78E | 653 | N6E | 39.00 | -10 | SWBW, WBN, NNW, NWBW, NW, CALM | FIRST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | LATTER DRIZZLING RAIN | MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151216 | |
| 1775-11-21T15:00 | 34.00 | -44.25 | 249 | 6.7 | CORVO | N78:30E | 654 | N14W | 46.00 | -10 | W, SW, NNW, NBW, WSW, WBS, W, WBN, WBS | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS AND VARIABLE, MIDDLE FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE | LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151217 | ||
| 1775-11-22T15:00 | 34.60 | -44.05 | 305 | 19.0 | CORVO | N79E | 651 | N16E | 38.00 | -10 | W, WBN, WNW, NW, NW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151218 | ||
| 1775-11-23T15:00 | 34.78 | -43.58 | 283 | 6.7 | CORVO | N80E | 643 | N65E | 26.00 | -10 | NW-WNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151219 | ||
| 1775-11-24T15:00 | 35.60 | -43.73 | 238 | 6.7 | CORVO | N81E | 642 | N8W | 59.00 | -10 | WBN-WSW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151220 | ||
| 1775-11-25T15:00 | 36.23 | -42.95 | 58 | 2.6 | CORVO | N81:45E | 645 | N16W | 40.00 | -10 | WSW, NWBW, ENE | FIRST PART FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 151221 |