Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Latitude: 36.380000 * Longitude: -6.320000

Date/Time Start: 1823-02-10T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1823-02-10T12:00:00

Event(s):

La_Perla_18220210_MS_1846 * Latitude Start: 36.070000 * Longitude Start: -6.730000 * Latitude End: 37.420000 * Longitude End: -0.980000 * Date/Time Start: 1823-02-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1823-02-10T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: La Perla (Fragata), Voyage: Cádiz - Cartagena, 1st Observer: José de Julián (Capitan)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
9	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
10	Comment	Comment		Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
11	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
13	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
14	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
15	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
16	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
17	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
18	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
19	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
20	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
21	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
22	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
23	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

20 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	10 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...)	11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	12 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	13 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	16 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported)	17 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	18 Fog (1 If fog was reported)	19 Snow (1 If snow was reported)	20 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	21 Hail (1 If hail was reported)	22 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)	23 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1823-02-10T12:00	36.38	-6.32	92	12.3	1028.2	17.8	LA ISLA (SAN FERNANDO?)	N 53º E	DEMORA EL CABO ESPARTEL AL (NO PONE NADA) DIST. DE 39 MILLAS.	-21	64.00	30.36	ESE	FRESCO	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	139106