Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 7.575455 * Median Longitude: 85.125000 * South-bound Latitude: 4.150000 * West-bound Longitude: 78.480000 * North-bound Latitude: 13.150000 * East-bound Longitude: 90.860000

Date/Time Start: 1754-12-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-01-17T07:00:00

Event(s):

Kent_17541216_NMM_ADM/L/K20B * Latitude Start: 18.500000 * Longitude Start: 72.820000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1754-12-16T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-01-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Kent (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Bombay - Madras, 1st Observer: Henry Speke (Captain), 2nd Observer: Richard Toby (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 70G 1291BM

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Landmark	Landmark		Name of first landmark
7	Bearing	Bearing		Bearing of the first landmark
8	Distance to landmark	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance to the first landmark
9	-	-		1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
10	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
11	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
12	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Current direction description	Cur dir descr		Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
15	Current speed description	V descr
16	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
17	Present weather	ww		Weather description
18	Precipitation description	Precip descr
19	Clearness	Clearness
20	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
21	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
22	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
23	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
24	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
26	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

586 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 Landmark (Name of first landmark)	7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark)	8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark)	9 - (1 If position is considered t...)	10 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...)	15 V descr	16 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	17 ww (Weather description)	18 Precip descr	19 Clearness	21 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	24 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...)	27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1754-12-16T00:00	18.63		45	6.7	CONNARY	S1/2E	5					NW-NE			MODERATE			FAIR	0	0	128582
1754-12-17T00:00	17.82		68	2.6	THE SOUTHERN MOST LAND	SEBS	6					NW, WNW, W, NEBN, ENE			LITTLE WIND			HAZY	0	0	128583
1754-12-18T00:00	16.48		79	2.6	CAREPATAM FLAGSTAFF	ESE	5					NNW, N, ESE, EBN			LITTLE WIND			HAZY	0	0	128584
1754-12-19T00:00	15.13		90	2.6								W, NNE, EBN, E			LITTLE WIND			FAIR	0	0	128585
1754-12-20T00:00	13.78		45	2.6	PIDGEON ISLAND	NE	8					ESE, SWBW, N, NE			LITTLE WIND			HAZY	0	0	128586
1754-12-21T00:00	12.48		360	2.6	MOUNT FORMOSS	EBN	10					CALM, W, NW, N			LITTLE WIND			FAIR	0	0	128587
1754-12-22T00:00	11.83		360	15.4	MOUNT DILLA	NE	8					CALM, W, NW, N			FIRST PART CALM, AT 4PM LIGHT AIRS AND SO CONTINUED UNTIL 8AM AND THEN A MODERATE GALE				0	0	128588
1754-12-23T00:00	11.45		90	9.3	THE SACRIFICE ROCK	ESE1/2E	3	1				VARIABLE, BETWEEN S AND E			FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND, LATTER FRESH BREEZE			FIRST PART HAZY	0	0	128589
1754-12-24T00:00	10.10		361	2.6	THE EXTREME LAND	ESE						SBW, SW, W, CALM			LITTLE WIND			FAIR	0	0	128590
1754-12-25T00:00	9.02		56	2.6	THE EXTREME LAND	ESE1/2S						W, SW, SWBS, NEBE			LITTLE WIND			FAIR	0	0	128591
1754-12-26T00:00	8.33		361	2.6	ANJANGO FORT	NNE1/2E	7					NW, W, EBN, CALM			LITTLE WIND			HAZY	0	0	128592
1754-12-27T07:00	7.17	78.48	34	19.0	CAPE COMERINE	N50W	24		S50E	72.00	0	W, SW, NEBE, NEBN			FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY			FIRST PART FAIR	0	0	128593
1754-12-28T07:00	5.90	79.93	349		GALLA FLAGSTAFF	NE	3	1			0	NEBN, NNE, NBW			FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE SQUALLY		MIDDLE RAIN	FIRST PART CLOUDY	1	0	128594
1754-12-29T07:00	4.98	81.33	45	19.0	POINT DE GALLE	N49W	30		S49E	90.00	0	NW, W, NEBE, NE			FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY	MIDDLE AND LATTER PARTS LIGHTNING		FIRST PART FAIR	0	1	128595
1754-12-30T06:00	4.15	83.51	11	19.0	POINT DE GALLE	N61W	75		S69E	139.00	0	NEBN, NNE, NE, NBE			FRESH GALES			HAZY	0	0	128596
1754-12-31T06:00	4.57	85.78	349		POINT DE GALLE	N76W	116		N80E	150.00	0	N, NBE, NBW			SQUALLY		RAIN		1	0	128597
1755-01-01T06:00	4.75	87.68	360		POINT DE GALLE	N81W	152		N84E	90.00	0	NBW, NBE, N			SQUALLY	THUNDER AND LIGHTNING IN THE SE	RAIN		1	1	128598
1755-01-02T06:00	4.63	89.14	360		POINT DE GALLE	N81:30W	181		S86E	90.00	0	NBW, NBE, N			FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE SQUALLY	LIGHTNING ROUND THE COMPASS	MIDDLE RAIN	FIRST PART CLOUDY	1	1	128599
1755-01-03T06:00	4.73	90.03	23	19.0	POINT DE GALLE	N82:50W	197		N83E	53.00	0	N, NBW, NNE			FRESH GALES			CLOUDY	0	0	128600
1755-01-04T06:00	4.72	90.86	315	6.7	POINT DE GALLE	N83:20W	214		S89E	49.00	0	N, NBW, NNE, NW			FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY		MIDDLE PART RAIN	FIRST AND LATTER CLOUDY	1	0	128601
1755-01-05T06:00	5.68	89.98	56	1.0	POINT DE GALLE	N88:20W	190		N42W	79.00	0	NNE, NE, NEBE			FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT AIRS	LIGHTNING IN THE NE		FIRST PART CLOUDY	0	1	128602
1755-01-06T06:00	6.00	89.88	56		POINT DE GALLE	W	192		N17W	20.00	0	CALM, NEBE			FIRST PART CALM WITH LIGHT AIRS	LATTER LIGHNING		LATTER CLOUDY	0	1	128603
1755-01-07T06:00	6.00	89.59	34	1.0	POINT DE GALLE	W	188		W	17.00	0	NBE, N, CALM, NEBN			FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMS			FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER HAZY	0	0	128604
1755-01-08T06:00	6.07	89.34	68	1.0	POINT DE GALLE	N89:23W	186		N73W	16.00	0	CALM, NEBE, ENE			FIRST AND MIDDLE CALM WITH SOME LIGHT AIRS, LATTER SMALL AIR OF WIND				0	0	128605
1755-01-09T06:00	6.77	88.34	56	2.6	POINT DE GALLE	N84W	173		N35W	52.00	0	CALM, NEBE			LITTLE WIND AND CALM				0	0	128606
1755-01-10T06:00	8.35	87.64	56		POINT DE GALLE	S72W	156		N36W	120.00	0	E, NE, NEBE			FIRST AND LATTER PART SQUALLY, MIDDLE LITTLE WIND		FIRST AND LATTER RAIN	MIDDLE CLOUDY	1	0	128607
1755-01-11T06:00	10.92	85.78	45	19.0	POINT DE GALLE	S48W	148		N36W	188.00	0	ENE, NEBN, NE			FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALES		MIDDLE RAIN	FIRST PART CLOUDY	1	0	128608
1755-01-12T07:00	11.77	79.78	360	19.0				1			0	NE, NEBN, NBW, N			FRESH GALES			FAIR	0	0	128609
1755-01-13T07:00	11.67	80.11	34	19.0	FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD	N76W	7		S76E	21.00	0	NE, N, NEBN	SWBS	6	FRESH GALES			HAZY	0	0	128610
1755-01-14T07:00	11.05	81.13	45	19.0	FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD	N63W	30		S59E	71.00	0	NE			FRESH GALES			CLOUDY	0	0	128611
1755-01-15T07:00	11.80	81.18	79	19.0	FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD	S87:45W	40		N3W	45.00	0	NEBN-EBN			FRESH GALES			CLEAR	0	0	128612
1755-01-16T07:00	11.83	81.81	56	6.7	FORT ST DAVIDS ROAD	S87:45W	40		N87E	38.00	0	NEBE, NE, ENE, NEBE			MODERATE			CLOUDY	0	0	128613
1755-01-17T07:00	13.15	81.45	68	19.0	MADRAS FLAGSTAFF	WBS1/2S	8				0	NE, NEBN, NEBE, ENE			FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY			FIRST PART CLOUDY	0	0	128614