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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during KENT cruise from Madras to Bombay started at 1754-10-11 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749960, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 6.454444 * Median Longitude: 79.947778 * South-bound Latitude: 4.900000 * West-bound Longitude: 78.730000 * North-bound Latitude: 9.950000 * East-bound Longitude: 81.880000
Date/Time Start: 1754-10-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-11-12T00:00:00
Event(s):
Kent_17541011_NMM_ADM/L/K20B * Latitude Start: 12.100000 * Longitude Start: 80.500000 * Latitude End: 18.500000 * Longitude End: 72.820000 * Date/Time Start: 1754-10-11T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-11-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Kent (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madras - Bombay, 1st Observer: Henry Speke (Captain), 2nd Observer: Richard Toby (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 70G 1291BM
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
7 BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
8 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
9 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
10 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
11 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
12 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
14 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
15 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
16 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
17 Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
18 Current speed descriptionV descr
19 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20 Present weatherwwWeather description
21 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22 ClearnessClearness
23 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
24 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
25 FogFog1 If fog was reported
26 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
27 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
28 HailHail1 If hail was reported
29 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
567 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)		5 
ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)		6 
Landmark
(Name of first landmark)		7 
Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)		8 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)		9 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)		10 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)		11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)		12 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)		13 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)		14 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)		15 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)		16 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)		17 
Cur dir descr
(Direction of the current. Thi...)		18 
V descr		19 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)		20 
ww
(Weather description)		21 
Precip descr		22 
Clearness		23 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)		24 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)		25 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)		26 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)		27 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)		28 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)		29 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)		30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1754-10-11T00:001242.6FORT ST DAVIDSNNW2PORTO NOVASSW1SSE, SBE, SWBW, WNW, SEBELITTLE WINDCLOUDY0000000128549
1754-10-12T00:00158NEGAPATAM FLAGSTAFFSSW2CALDRON POINT AT 6PMSW31E, ESE, SE, SSEFIRST PART LITTLE WINDMIDDLE LIGHTNINGFIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY0000100128550
1754-10-13T07:009.9580.5613519.0NEGAPATAM FORTN49W21S49E63.000SWBW, SW, SBE, SELITTLE WIND, AT 4 FRESH GALESAT 4 LIGHTNINGAT 4 RAINFAIR0100100128551
1754-10-14T00:008.032362.6THE FRYERS HOODSSW1/2W14SWBW, NWBW, SW, SWBS, SWBWLITTLE WINDFAIR0000000128552
1754-10-15T00:001912.6THE FRYERS HOODW6N10CALM, ESE, SE, SBWFIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDMIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR0000000128553
1754-10-16T07:005.7381.88180THE ELLEPHANTN32W14S32E43.000SEBS, SEBE, SE, SFIRST AND MIDDLE PART LITTLE WINDMIDDLE LIGHTNINGFIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY0000100128554
1754-10-17T07:005.5380.6527019.0THE ELLEPHANTN44E12S33W52.000WSW, SWBW, WSW, WFRESH GALESHAZY0000000128555
1754-10-18T07:004.9080.01304POINT DE GALLEN11E21S11W62.000W, WBN, VARIABLE, NWBWFIRST PART FRESH GALE, MIDDLE SQUALLYMIDDLE LIGHTNINGMIDDLE RAINFIRST PART HAZY0100100128556
1754-10-19T07:005.4879.792932.6POINT DE GALLEN44E12S20W37.000WBN, W, NWBW, WNWFIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LITTLE WINDCLOUDY0000000128557
1754-10-20T07:006.3779.59338POINT DE GALLES54E15S13W55.000NBW, NW, NWBW, WNW, NNWFIRST PART FRESH GALESMIDDLE LIGHTNING IN THE NE QUARTERFIRST PART CLOUDY0000100128558
1754-10-21T07:006.0079.313616.7POINT DE GALLES84E18S38W28.000NW, W, VARIABLE, CALMFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER SOMETIMES CALMMIDDLE AND LATTER THUNDER AND LIGHTNINGMIDDLE AND LATTER HARD RAINFIRST PART HAZY0100100128559
1754-10-22T07:006.6079.01270POINT DE GALLES60E27N27W40.000VARIABLE, BETWEEN THE N AND WMIDDLE SQUALLYFIRST PART LIGHTNINGFIRST PART RAIN, MIDDLE HARD RAINFIRST PART CLOUDY0100100128560
1754-10-23T07:007.5378.732592.6POINT DE GALLES48E48N34W68.000VARIABLE, BETWEEN THE N AND W, WBSLITTLE WINDLIGHTNING TO THE EASTWARDCLOUDY0000100128561
1754-10-24T00:007.792702.6CAPE COMERINEN5WSW, SW, SWBW, WBS, WLITTLE WINDCLOUDY0000000128562
1754-10-25T00:008.042706.7THE HIGH LAND OVER CAPE COMERINEEBN1/2N10VARIABLE, BETWEEN THE N AND WMODERATEHAZY0000000128563
1754-10-26T00:008.302709.3ANJANGO FLAGSTAFFNBE6VARIABLE, BETWEEN THE N AND WFRESH BREEZES OF WINDFAIR0000000128564
1754-10-27T00:008.88230.0THE CASTLE OF COILANNNE5VARIABLE, BETWEEN THE N AND W, NNEFIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER CALMFIRST PART CLOUDY0000000128565
1754-10-28T00:008.983611.0COILAN FLAGSTAFFSEBE1/2E5WBS, SWBS, E, CALMFIRST PART CALM INTERMIXED WITH LIGHT BREEZES OF WIND, THE MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS WITH CALMSMIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY0000000128566
1754-10-29T00:009.45682.6EXTREME LANDNEBN41NWBN, NW, WSW, ESE, ENELITTLE WINDFAIR0000000128567
1754-10-30T00:009.92680.0COCHIN FORTEBN1/2N11WNW, CALM, E, ENEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER CALMFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY0000000128568
1754-10-31T00:0010.771131.0THE EXTREME LANDN5WBN, W, NE, ESELIGHT AIRS OF WIND, AT 7PM TAKEN ABACK WITH A HARD SQUALLY OF WIND, AT 8 IT BEGAN TO BE MODERATE WITH LIGHT AIRSAT 7PM HARD SQUALL OF RAINCLOUDY1100000128569
1754-11-01T00:0011.481011.0CALLICUT FLAGSTAFFE1/2N6NE, CALM, N, EBSLIGHT AIRS WITH CALMSCLOUDY0000000128570
1754-11-02T00:0012.18450.0MOUNT DILLARSE1/2S41WBS, CALM, SEBS, NENW1FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS SOMETIMES CALM, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER CALMMIDDLE PART CLOUDY0000000128571
1754-11-03T00:0012.872591.0MANGULORE FLAGSTAFFESE1/4E41NW, WBN, WBS, SE, WBSNNW6FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE CALM, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALMSFIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY0000000128572
1754-11-04T00:0013.873382.6PIDGEON ISLANDNE1/2N41WNW, W, WBN, NWBW, NNWLITTLE WINDCLOUDY0000000128573
1754-11-05T00:0014.673262.6CAPE RAYMASNBE1/2E6NBW, NW, NWBNLITTLE WINDFAIR0000000128574
1754-11-06T00:0015.403151.0ST GEORGES ISLANDESE7NWBN, WBN, NWLIGHT AIRS OF WINDFAIR0000000128575
1754-11-07T00:0016.00112.6POINT KINGORLAEBS7NW, N, NBELITTLE WINDFAIR0000000128576
1754-11-08T00:0016.643152.6EXTREME LANDNEBNVARIABLE, BETWEEN, NEBNAND NWLITTLE WINDFAIR0000000128577
1754-11-09T00:0017.283611.0CAPE DOBSEBS1/2S6NWBW, NW, NWBN, CALMFIRST AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS OF WIND, MIDDLE CALM, LIGHT BREEZES AT 3AM0000000128578
1754-11-10T00:0017.623612.6NWBW, NW, NWBN, CALMLITTLE WINDFAIR0000000128579
1754-11-11T00:0017.963621.0VARIABLEFIRST PART CALM, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS0000000128580
1754-11-12T00:0018.303611.0BOMBAY ISLANDENEVARIABLE, CALMLIGHT AIRS AND CALM0000000128581