García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during KENT cruise from Madagasgar to Madras started at 1754-08-08 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749959, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.532759 * Median Longitude: 57.478621 * South-bound Latitude: -23.250000 * West-bound Longitude: 41.740000 * North-bound Latitude: 10.830000 * East-bound Longitude: 81.330000
Date/Time Start: 1754-08-08T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-09-09T07:00:00
Event(s):
Kent_17540808_NMM_ADM/L/K20B * Latitude Start: -23.670000 * Longitude Start: 43.450000 * Latitude End: 12.100000 * Longitude End: 80.500000 * Date/Time Start: 1754-08-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1754-09-09T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Kent (3rd Rate Frigate), Voyage: Madagasgar - Madras, 1st Observer: Henry Speke (Captain), 2nd Observer: Richard Toby (1st Officer/Master), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 70G 1291BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of second landmark | |||
| 10 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the second landmark | |||
| 11 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 12 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 13 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 14 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 15 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 16 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 17 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 18 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 19 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 20 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 21 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 22 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 23 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 24 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 25 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 26 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 27 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 28 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 29 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 30 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
626 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Landmark (Name of second landmark) | 10 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark) | 11 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 12 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 13 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 14 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 15 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 16 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 17 V descr | 18 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 19 ww (Weather description) | 20 Precip descr | 21 Clearness | 22 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 23 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 24 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 25 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 26 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 27 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 28 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 29 Comment | 30 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1754-08-08T09:00 | -23.25 | 42.72 | 67 | 2.6 | ISLAND OFF ST AUGUSTINS BAY | S64E | 18 | N64W | 54.00 | -23 | EBN, NNE, WBN, E | FIRST PART MODERATE, LATTER LITTLE WIND | MIDDLE PART RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128516 | |||||||
| 1754-08-09T09:00 | -22.70 | 42.41 | 179 | 6.7 | ISLAND OFF ST AUGUSTINS BAY | S46E | 29 | N27W | 37.00 | -24 | NBE, SW, SSW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART LITTLE WIND LATTER MODERATE | LIGHTNING IN THE MIDDLE PART | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 128517 | |||||||
| 1754-08-10T09:00 | -20.50 | 41.74 | 168 | 15.4 | ISLAND OFF ST AUGUSTINS BAY | S27:30E | 72 | N16W | 136.00 | -23 | SSW, SBW | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128518 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-11T09:00 | -17.92 | 42.27 | 180 | 15.4 | ISLAND OFF ST AUGUSTINS BAY | S12E | 118 | N10E | 158.00 | -23 | SBW, SBE, SSW | MODERATE GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128519 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-12T09:00 | -15.57 | 42.87 | 229 | 15.4 | ISLAND OFF ST AUGUSTINS BAY | S4:46E | 163 | N14E | 144.00 | -19 | SW, WSW | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128520 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-13T09:00 | -13.42 | 43.94 | 161 | 15.4 | ISLAND OFF ST AUGUSTINS BAY | S1:51W | 205 | N26E | 143.00 | -19 | SWBS, SSW, S | MODERATE GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128521 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-14T09:00 | -11.55 | 43.89 | 140 | 2.6 | JOHANNA | SBE | 16 | -18 | SSE, SSW, SSE | NWBN | 5 | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE GALES, LATTER LITTLE WIND | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128522 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-15T09:00 | -10.55 | 43.68 | 162 | 2.6 | JOHANNA | S22E | 37 | N26E | 110.00 | -18 | SSW, SBE, CALM, S | LITTLE WIND, AT MIDNIGHT CALM, LATTER LITTLE WIND | CLEAR, LATTER PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128523 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-16T09:00 | -8.35 | 43.80 | 117 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S8:36E | 79 | N3E | 132.00 | -18 | SSE, SE | NBW | 1 | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LITTLE WIND, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS CLEAR, LATTER PART FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128524 | ||||||
| 1754-08-17T09:00 | -5.20 | 44.22 | 164 | 15.4 | JOHANNA | S1:28E | 141 | N8E | 191.00 | -16 | SE, SSE, S | MODERATE GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128525 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-18T09:00 | -2.87 | 45.17 | 153 | 15.4 | JOHANNA | S4:37W | 188 | N23E | 152.00 | -16 | SSE, SBE | MODERATE GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128526 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-19T09:00 | -1.12 | 45.13 | 166 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S13:30W | 229 | N49E | 159.00 | -14 | SBE, SBW, S | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128527 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-20T09:00 | 0.72 | 48.88 | 168 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S18:56W | 274 | N44E | 152.00 | -12 | SBE, SSW, SW, S | FIRST PART MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128528 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-21T09:00 | 2.08 | 50.85 | 179 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S24:05W | 314 | N55E | 144.00 | -12 | SSW, SW, SBW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART CLOUDY, MIDDLE AND LATTER CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128529 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-22T08:00 | 3.37 | 53.55 | 194 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S30:13W | 361 | N65E | 180.00 | -9 | SBW, SWBS, SSW | FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128530 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-23T08:00 | 4.35 | 56.43 | 194 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S35:15W | 407 | N71E | 185.00 | -9 | SSW, S, SW, SSW | FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128531 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-24T08:00 | 5.50 | 59.28 | 207 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S39:50W | 462 | N68E | 184.00 | -7 | SBW, SSW, SW, SWBS | FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128532 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-25T08:00 | 5.88 | 61.38 | 229 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S42:56W | 495 | N79E | 127.00 | -7 | SWBS, SW, SWBW | FRESH GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128533 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-26T08:00 | 6.97 | 64.00 | 244 | 19.0 | JOHANNA | S45:22W | 547 | N67:30E | 168.00 | -4 | SW, SWBW, WSW | FIRST PART MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128534 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-27T08:00 | 7.65 | 66.87 | 244 | JOHANNA | S48:17W | 598 | N77E | 175.00 | -4 | SWBW, WBS, WSW | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE SQUALLY | MIDDLE PART RAIN | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128535 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-28T07:00 | 7.63 | 68.90 | 257 | 15.4 | JOHANNA | S51W | 632 | E | 121.00 | -2 | WSW, WBS | MODERATE GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128536 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-29T07:00 | 8.00 | 70.60 | 257 | 2.6 | JOHANNA | S52W | 661 | N79E | 104.00 | -2 | WBS | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128537 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-30T07:00 | 7.80 | 72.52 | 269 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S54:14W | 689 | S84E | 116.00 | -1 | W | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128538 | ||||||||
| 1754-08-31T07:00 | 7.60 | 74.55 | 247 | 15.4 | JOHANNA | S56:22W | 720 | S85E | 122.00 | -1 | WSW | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128539 | ||||||||
| 1754-09-01T07:00 | 7.45 | 76.37 | 247 | 6.7 | JOHANNA | S58:02W | 747 | S85E | 109.00 | -1 | WBS, WSW | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128540 | ||||||||
| 1754-09-02T07:00 | 7.05 | 78.30 | 293 | JOHANNA | S60:05W | 781 | S79E | 118.00 | 0 | NBW, NWBN, WNW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128541 | ||||||||
| 1754-09-03T07:00 | 5.72 | 80.30 | 259 | JOHANNA | S63:09W | 799 | S57E | 142.00 | 0 | NNW-WBS | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE SQUALLY | MIDDLE RAIN | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128542 | ||||||||
| 1754-09-04T00:00 | 225 | 15.4 | DUNDER HEAD | NWBW | 4 | 1 | W, WSW, SW | MODERATE GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128543 | ||||||||||||
| 1754-09-05T00:00 | 270 | 6.7 | FRYERS HOOD | WBS | 9 | S, EBN, CALM, W | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128544 | |||||||||||||
| 1754-09-06T00:00 | 362 | 2.6 | FRYERS HOOD | SWBW | 18 | VARIABLE | ESE | 6 | LITTLE WIND | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128545 | |||||||||||
| 1754-09-07T00:00 | 362 | 2.6 | FRYERS HOOD | S3/4W | 12 | SUGARLOAF | SW1/2S | VARIABLE | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BREEZES | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 128546 | |||||||||||
| 1754-09-08T07:00 | 9.95 | 81.33 | 225 | FRYERS HOOD | S3:45E | 50 | N3:45W | 150.00 | 0 | E, SW, SWBS, SW | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, MIDDLE SQUALLY | MIDDLE PART LIGHTNING | FIRST PART HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 128547 | |||||||
| 1754-09-09T07:00 | 10.83 | 80.93 | 362 | FRYERS HOOD | S9:30E | 69 | N23W | 59.00 | 0 | VARIABLE | FIRST PART LITTLE WIND, LATTER SQUALLY | MIDDLE PART LIGHTNING | FIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 128548 |