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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during INDIA cruise from St. Helena to Helvoetsluis started at 1840-09-06 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749781, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 28.386481 * Median Longitude: -21.853889 * South-bound Latitude: -14.700000 * West-bound Longitude: -37.000000 * North-bound Latitude: 52.030000 * East-bound Longitude: 4.080000
Date/Time Start: 1840-09-06T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1840-10-29T12:00:00
Event(s):
India_18400906_L_REIS_4 * Latitude Start: -15.890000 * Longitude Start: -5.750000 * Latitude End: 51.940000 * Longitude End: 3.720000 * Date/Time Start: 1840-09-06T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1840-10-29T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: India, Voyage: St Helena - Helvoetsluis, 1st Observer: D. Keus (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1 DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2 LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3 LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4 Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5 Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6 Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7 Temperature, airTTT°C
8 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
9 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
20 Cloud typeCloud type
21 ClearnessClearness
22 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
23 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
24 FogFog1 If fog was reported
25 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
26 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27 HailHail1 If hail was reported
28 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
976 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 
Date/Time		2 
Latitude		3 
Longitude		4 
dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)		5 
ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)		6 
PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)		7 
TTT [°C]		8 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)		9 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)		10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)		11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)		12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)		13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)		14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)		15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)		16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)		17 
ww
(Weather description)		18 
Precip descr		19 
State sea descr		20 
Cloud type		21 
Clearness		22 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)		23 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)		24 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)		25 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)		26 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)		27 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)		28 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)		29 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1840-09-06T12:00-14.70-6.8211312.3VM8-226ZO6V040000000115518
1840-09-07T13:00-12.37-9.6011512.3VM8-206ZO6W001000000115519
1840-09-08T13:00-10.72-12.279312.3VM8-206OZO6V040000000115520
1840-09-09T13:00-8.35-14.629512.3VM8-186OZO6V040000000115521
1840-09-10T13:00-6.25-16.6012812.3VM8-186ZOTZ6V040000000115522
1840-09-11T13:00-4.12-18.33529.3VM8-165ONO5W00W201100000115523
1840-09-12T13:00-2.02-19.58979.3VM8-165OZO5V010000000115524
1840-09-13T13:00-0.12-21.081649.3VM8-165Z5V010000000115525
1840-09-14T13:002.10-22.0320912.3VM8-166ZW5-6V010000000115526
1840-09-15T14:004.20-22.7225512.3VM8-156W6W00W201100000115527
1840-09-16T14:006.73-23.4821015.4VM8-157ZW7W00W201100000115528
1840-09-17T14:0010.07-24.1822112.3VM8-156ZWTW6V050000000115529
1840-09-18T14:0012.72-24.633442.6VM8-162N2V030000000115530
1840-09-19T14:0013.50-24.833556.7VM8-164NTO4V010000000115531
1840-09-20T14:0014.32-26.082912.3VM8-166NO6H010000000115532
1840-09-21T14:0015.68-28.235415.4VM8-147ONO7W20V100100000115533
1840-09-22T14:0018.05-30.155212.3VM8-166ONO6V040000000115534
1840-09-23T14:0020.32-31.835212.3VM8-166ONO5-6W20V100100000115535
1840-09-24T14:0022.53-33.53646.7VM8-164OTN4V040000000115536
1840-09-25T14:0024.47-33.751206.7VM8-164ZO4W00W201100000115537
1840-09-26T14:0026.70-33.60416.7VM8-164NOTO4V100000000115538
1840-09-27T14:0028.95-34.12276.7VM8-184NO4V000000000115539
1840-09-28T14:0030.80-35.97502.6VM8-182ONO2V000000000115540
1840-09-29T14:0031.80-37.002072.6VM8-182ZW2V010000000115541
1840-09-30T14:0032.25-36.923206.7VM8-184NNW4W00W201100000115542
1840-10-01T14:0033.40-35.002946.7VM8-214NW4V010000000115543
1840-10-02T14:0035.23-33.282946.7VM8-214NW4V100000000115544
1840-10-03T14:0037.70-31.904415.41008.930.0VM8-24786.0029.79ONO7V100000000115545
1840-10-04T14:0037.77-30.7833615.4VM8-247N7W001000000115546
1840-10-05T14:0039.05-31.2035915.4VM8-247NNO8-7V060000000115547
1840-10-06T14:0039.82-28.3531430.91018.722.2VM8-241172.0030.08NNW11Z02V160000000115548
1840-10-07T14:0041.15-25.5530130.91008.920.0VM8-251168.0029.79NWTN11W02W20Z021100000115549
1840-10-08T14:0041.10-24.0734622.6VM8-259NTO9W20V13, V030100000115550
1840-10-09T14:0040.78-22.8034622.6VM8-259NTO9W01W201100000115551
1840-10-10T13:0040.65-21.12444.61009.218.3VM8-24365.0029.80ONO5-3V040000000115552
1840-10-11T13:0041.05-22.28559.3VM8-245OTN3-5H010000000115553
1840-10-12T13:0042.63-22.08524.61019.422.8VM8-27373.0030.10OTN3V050000000115554
1840-10-13T14:0043.98-22.62512.61020.720.6VM8-28269.0030.14OTN2V100000000115555
1840-10-14T14:0044.95-23.233611021.421.1VM8-2870.0030.16STILH010000000115556
1840-10-15T14:0045.48-23.27174.61019.421.1VM8-28370.0030.10NO1-3W12V060010000115557
1840-10-16T14:0045.50-22.93409.3VM8-285ONO5V010000000115558
1840-10-17T13:0044.70-20.603611019.417.8VM8-2764.0030.10STILH010000000115559
1840-10-18T13:0044.90-21.401082.6VM8-272ZO2V010000000115560
1840-10-19T13:0045.32-20.60866.7VM8-274OZO4W10V010010000115561
1840-10-20T13:0046.50-18.323611020.721.7VM8-2771.0030.14STILW10, W060010000115562
1840-10-21T13:0047.13-16.7735719.0VM8-268NNO8V040000000115563
1840-10-22T13:0047.27-15.573611021.721.7VM8-2671.0030.17STILW10V030010000115564
1840-10-23T13:0047.53-14.3530912.31019.420.0VM8-29668.0030.10NNW6V100000000115565
1840-10-24T13:0048.53-10.9731112.31014.016.1VM8-27661.0029.94NNW6W00W201100000115566
1840-10-25T12:0049.35-5.88279VM8-25NWTWV040000000115567
1840-10-26T12:0050.40-1.8827030.91VM8-2311WNW8-11W02W20Z021100000115568
1840-10-27T12:0050.620.8920222.6994.011.71VM8-23953.0029.35ZW7-9V040000000115569
1840-10-28T12:0052.033.6713715.41VM8-217ZZO7W20V040100000115570
1840-10-29T12:0051.814.081VM8-210000000115571