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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during INDIA cruise from Rotterdam to Batavia started at 1840-01-07 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749779, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -11.095816 * Median Longitude: 22.571020 * South-bound Latitude: -41.420000 * West-bound Longitude: -31.300000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.830000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1840-01-07T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1840-04-15T05:00:00
Event(s):
India_18400107_L_REIS_4 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1840-01-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1840-04-15T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: India, Voyage: Rotterdam - Batavia, 1st Observer: D. Keus (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
10 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
11 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
12 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
13 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
14 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
15 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
16 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
17 Present weatherwwWeather description
18 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
19 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
20 Cloud typeCloud type
21 ClearnessClearness
22 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
23 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
24 FogFog1 If fog was reported
25 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
26 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
27 HailHail1 If hail was reported
28 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
29 CommentComment
30 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1990 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

-
(1 If position is considered t...)

Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
10 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
11 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
12 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
13 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
14 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
15 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
16 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
17 
ww
(Weather description)
18 
Precip descr
19 
State sea descr
20 
Cloud type
21 
Clearness
22 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
23 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
24 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
25 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
26 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
27 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
28 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
29 
Comment
30 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1840-01-07T12:0049.83-2.401359.31016.01VM8-23530.00ZZO5V000000000115367
1840-01-08T12:0048.73-6.87764.61016.0VM8-25330.00OTZ3V000000000115368
1840-01-09T13:0047.63-8.671984.61019.4VM8-27330.10ZW3V040000000115369
1840-01-10T13:0047.45-9.9715522.6VM8-259Z7-9Z05V050000000115370
1840-01-11T13:0048.05-14.0017419.0VM8-298ZZW8W10H010010000115371
1840-01-12T13:0047.90-14.3724122.61009.2VM8-29929.80W9W01W20Z021100000115372
1840-01-13T13:0047.90-14.7324112.3999.1VM8-29629.50W8-6V030000000115373
1840-01-14T13:0047.22-13.9222215.4VM8-267WZW8-7W00W20V011100000115374
1840-01-15T13:0046.67-14.3022215.41012.611.1VM8-26752.0029.90WZW3-7W00W20V061100000115375
1840-01-18T13:0044.83-14.0227822.61016.011.1VM8-26952.0030.00NWTW9W01, W10V011010000115376
1840-01-19T13:0038.28-14.302019.31024.812.2VM8-24554.0030.26ZW3-5W10V010010000115377
1840-01-20T13:0036.42-14.552599.3VM8-225WTN5V040000000115378
1840-01-21T13:0035.27-15.00919.31030.916.1VM8-22561.0030.44OZO0-5V040000000115379
1840-01-22T13:0033.93-16.75689.31029.516.1VM8-22561.0030.40O5V100000000115380
1840-01-23T13:0031.97-18.971256.71025.818.9VM8-21466.0030.29ZOTZ6-4V010000000115381
1840-01-24T13:0031.42-18.752272.61025.118.9VM8-21266.0030.27WZW0-2V040000000115382
1840-01-25T13:0029.88-19.27589.31025.518.3VM8-21565.0030.28OTN5W20V100100000115383
1840-01-26T13:0026.65-20.02709.31024.520.0VM8-20568.0030.25O5V040000000115384
1840-01-27T13:0022.88-19.825912.31019.420.0VM8-20668.0030.10OTN6W30 ZWH010000100115385
1840-01-28T13:0019.05-19.836012.31014.618.3VM8-19665.0029.96OTN6V000000000115386
1840-01-29T13:0015.55-20.00512.31013.322.2VM8-18672.0029.92NNO6V000000000115387
1840-01-30T13:0012.73-20.18279.31012.623.9VM8-18575.0029.90NO5H010000000115388
1840-01-31T13:0010.68-20.1866.71011.924.4VM8-17476.0029.88NNO4V00H010000000115389
1840-02-01T13:007.77-19.673544.61011.923.9VM8-17375.0029.88NTO3H010000000115390
1840-02-02T13:006.13-20.503611011.926.1VM8-1779.0029.88STILW01W20V051100000115391
1840-02-03T13:004.48-20.50512.61011.926.1VM8-17279.0029.88ONO2W30 ZOV040000100115392
1840-02-04T13:003.83-20.223611011.628.9VM8-1784.0029.87STILV100000000115393
1840-02-05T13:003.42-20.451414.61009.229.4VM8-17385.0029.80ZZO3V100000000115394
1840-02-06T13:003.05-20.451416.71010.928.9VM8-17484.0029.85ZZO4W00W201100000a trivial correction was made in this observation115395
1840-02-07T13:002.22-21.7511912.31008.926.7VM8-16680.0029.79ZO6V040000000115396
1840-02-08T14:00-0.22-23.831109.3VM8-145ZOTO6-5V040000000115397
1840-02-09T14:00-2.98-26.08886.71008.526.7VM8-13480.0029.78OTZ4V010000000115398
1840-02-10T14:00-5.25-27.509112.3VM8-106OTZ6Z01V10, V010000000115399
1840-02-11T14:00-8.33-28.3011412.3VM8-106ZOTO6V030000000115400
1840-02-12T14:00-11.47-29.33911011.226.7VM8-1080.0029.86OTZW00W201100000115401
1840-02-13T14:00-14.62-30.559212.31012.625.6VM8-9678.0029.90OTZ5-6W00W20V031100000115402
1840-02-14T14:00-17.48-31.27819.3VM8-95O5W00W20V011100000115403
1840-02-15T14:00-20.33-31.30719.3VM8-85OTN5V010000000115404
1840-02-16T14:00-23.52-31.18496.7VM8-74NOTO4V00, V030000000115405
1840-02-17T14:00-26.17-30.2228612.31029.530.0VM8-7686.0030.40WNW5-6V010000000115406
1840-02-18T14:00-27.58-30.081859.31032.930.6VM8-6587.0030.50ZTW5V100000000115407
1840-02-19T14:00-29.20-29.2025319.01011.925.6VM8-6878.0029.88WTZ8W20V010100000115408
1840-02-20T14:00-30.40-27.4023915.41009.925.6VM8-9778.0029.82WZW7W00W201100000115409
1840-02-21T14:00-32.37-22.9321615.41011.922.2VM8-9772.0029.88ZW7V040000000115410
1840-02-22T13:00-33.90-19.521136.71009.218.3VM8-11465.0029.80ZOTO6-4W00V101000000115411
1840-02-23T13:00-34.07-16.381442.61026.117.2VM8-14263.0030.30ZZO2V000000000115412
1840-02-24T13:00-33.30-14.472346.71022.822.2VM8-14472.0030.20WZW2-4V010000000115413
1840-02-25T13:00-33.55-15.2526712.3VM8-146WTN6H010000000115414
1840-02-26T13:00-34.35-14.1721115.41046.522.8VM8-14773.0030.90ZW7W10V010010000115415
1840-02-27T13:00-37.20-11.8727615.41016.020.0VM8-17768.0030.00WNW7H010000000115416
1840-02-28T12:00-38.62-7.1529612.31016.016.1VM8-19661.0030.00NW6W10V010010000115417
1840-02-29T12:00-39.67-2.5329612.31009.214.4VM8-19658.0029.80NW6W10V010010000115418
1840-03-01T12:00-40.101.902049.31004.115.6VM8-21560.0029.65ZW5V050000000115419
1840-03-02T12:00-39.926.782699.3VM8-245WNW5V05H010000000115420
1840-03-03T11:00-39.9810.4828915.41015.014.4VM8-26758.0029.97NW7V040000000115421
1840-03-04T11:00-40.1214.6824215.41009.217.2VM8-28763.0029.80W7W00W20V051100000115422
1840-03-05T11:00-40.1220.172649.31010.920.0VM8-29568.0029.85WNW5V010000000115423
1840-03-06T10:00-40.0223.301509.31011.916.1VM8-30561.0029.88Z5V030000000115424
1840-03-07T10:00-39.8327.2529612.3VM8-306NWTN6V040000000115425
1840-03-08T10:00-40.0530.9517219.01009.215.6VM8-31860.0029.80ZZW8W00W201100000115426
1840-03-09T10:00-39.9036.1012719.01009.215.0VM8-31859.0029.80ZZO9-8W00W201100000115427
1840-03-10T09:00-39.1741.282859.31016.011.1VM8-30552.0030.00NW2-5V040000000115428
1840-03-11T09:00-39.0244.501066.71012.615.6VM8-29460.0029.90ZO6-4V040000000115429
1840-03-12T09:00-38.9347.78404.61012.615.0VM8-28359.0029.90ONO3V000000000115430
1840-03-13T09:00-39.4548.0033212.31018.715.6VM8-28660.0030.08N7-6V000000000115431
1840-03-14T09:00-40.3251.5515215.4VM8-287Z7W00W20V041100000115432
1840-03-15T08:00-40.0355.7310812.31017.015.0VM8-27659.0030.03ZO7-6V040000000115433
1840-03-16T08:00-39.5258.8813219.01021.115.0VM8-26859.0030.15ZZO8V040000000115434
1840-03-17T08:00-37.7861.189819.01023.416.1VM8-26861.0030.22ZOTO7-8V100000000115435
1840-03-18T08:00-36.1764.00259.31025.516.7VM8-20562.0030.28NO5W00W201100000115436
1840-03-19T08:00-36.6264.00484.61025.117.2VM8-20363.0030.27ONO3V040000000115437
1840-03-20T08:00-38.0063.232012.31022.817.8VM8-25664.0030.20NO6V100000000115438
1840-03-21T08:00-39.2365.7233512.31019.018.3VM8-25665.0030.09N6V040000000115439
1840-03-22T07:00-40.1769.9034715.41018.718.3VM8-24765.0030.08NTO7V100000000115440
1840-03-23T07:00-41.1774.233169.31016.017.8VM8-23564.0030.00NNW5V000000000115441
1840-03-24T07:00-41.4278.252729.31009.218.3VM8-21565.0029.80WNW6-5W00, W12W201110000115442
1840-03-25T07:00-40.7882.232729.31005.818.3VM8-21565.0029.70WNW5H010000000115443
1840-03-26T06:00-39.2884.702289.31009.218.3VM8-20565.0029.80WZW5W20H010100000115444
1840-03-27T06:00-37.8286.4812619.01009.217.2VM8-20863.0029.80ZOTZ8W20V100100000115445
1840-03-28T06:00-35.1589.7012119.01012.616.7VM8-14862.0029.90ZO8W00W201100000115446
1840-03-29T06:00-32.3888.8728315.41012.316.1VM8-10761.0029.89WNW7V040000000115447
1840-03-30T06:00-30.4795.502729.31010.620.0VM8-9568.0029.84WTN5V000000000115448
1840-03-31T05:00-27.7297.831614.61013.320.6VM8-8369.0029.92ZTO2-3V010000000115449
1840-04-01T05:00-26.6398.68626.71015.321.1VM8-6470.0029.98ONO4V040000000115450
1840-04-02T05:00-24.6098.223912.31017.024.4VM8-6676.0030.03NO6V110000000115451
1840-04-03T05:00-21.9597.90306.71015.026.1VM8-4479.0029.97NOTN4V040000000115452
1840-04-04T05:00-21.4898.12362VM8-4VARIABELV050000000a trivial correction was made in this observation115453
1840-04-05T05:00-21.1597.7710912.31015.025.6VM8-4678.0029.97OZO6V040000000115454
1840-04-06T05:00-18.5599.108612.3VM8-46O6V040000000115455
1840-04-07T05:00-16.18100.838812.3VM8-26O60000000115456
1840-04-08T05:00-13.25101.558812.3VM8-26O6V100000000115457
1840-04-09T05:00-10.53102.509012.3VM806O6V010000000115458
1840-04-10T05:00-7.80103.181359.31009.2VM80529.80ZO5W00W20H011100000115459
1840-04-11T05:00-5.85104.17914.61007.528.9VM81384.0029.75O5-3V00H010000000115460
1840-04-12T05:00-6.47103.70914.61007.529.4VM81385.0029.75O5-3W30 NWV04, V000000100a trivial correction was made in this observation115461
1840-04-13T05:00-6.55104.433621011.932.8VM8191.0029.88VARIABELW00W201100000115462
1840-04-14T05:00-6.90104.723621009.231.1VM8188.0029.80VARIABELV000000000115463
1840-04-15T05:00-6.10106.86110000000115464