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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during INDIA cruise from Rotterdam to Batavia started at 1834-12-29 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749773, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -16.415000 * Median Longitude: 17.088100 * South-bound Latitude: -41.700000 * West-bound Longitude: -30.680000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.530000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1834-12-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-04-12T13:00:00
Event(s):
India_18341229_B_REIS_14_P231 * Latitude Start: 51.900000 * Longitude Start: 3.930000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1834-12-29T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1835-04-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: India, Voyage: Rotterdam - Batavia
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
10 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
12 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
13 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
15 Present weatherwwWeather description
16 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
17 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
18 Cloud typeCloud type
19 ClearnessClearness
20 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
21 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
22 FogFog1 If fog was reported
23 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
24 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
25 HailHail1 If hail was reported
26 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
27 CommentComment
28 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1797 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]

ff [m/s]

PPPP [hPa]

-

Watch

Glasses
10 
Decl [deg]
11 
Wind scale ref [#]
12 
Reading [arbitrary units]
13 
Wind dir descr
14 
Wind force descr
15 
ww
16 
Precip descr
17 
State sea descr
18 
Cloud type
19 
Clearness
20 
Gusts
21 
Rain
22 
Fog
23 
Snow
24 
Thunder
25 
Hail
26 
Sea ice
27 
Comment
28 
ID
1834-12-29T00:0051.472256.71VM84ZW4V050000000114929
1834-12-30T00:0051.3722522.61VM89ZW3-9W011000000114930
1834-12-31T00:0051.4027019.01VM88W8W02W22 (DD1)1100000114931
1835-01-01T00:00909.31VM85O5V02, V040000000114932
1835-01-02T00:001249.3VM85ZOTO5V030000000114933
1835-01-03T12:0049.53-4.5013312.31VM8-256ZZO6V04 (DD1)0000000114934
1835-01-04T13:0048.07-8.821812.3VM8-276NO6H000000000114935
1835-01-05T13:0045.63-12.003115.4VM8-257NOTO7W00W20V041100000114936
1835-01-06T13:0042.38-13.9525812.3VM8-236WTN6W00W201100000114937
1835-01-07T13:0039.88-14.132929.3VM8-235NW5V04, V10 (DD2)0000000114938
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1835-01-09T13:0034.15-15.971029.3VM8-225ZOTO5W00V05, V051000000114940
1835-01-10T13:0032.57-17.2329319.0VM8-228NW8V10, V030000000114941
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1835-01-12T13:0027.17-18.653412.6VM8-192N2V040000000114943
1835-01-13T13:0026.03-19.82499.3VM8-195ONO5V04 (DD1)H00 (DD1)0000000114944
1835-01-14T13:0024.43-20.35719.3VM8-195O5V03 (DD2)0000000114945
1835-01-15T13:0021.45-22.08729.3VM8-185O5H00 (DD2)0000000114946
1835-01-16T14:0018.38-23.83739.3VM8-175O5H00 (DD2)0000000114947
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1835-01-19T14:0011.73-24.28640.0VM8-150OTN2-0V04 (DD1)0000000114950
1835-01-20T14:0010.20-23.85756.7VM8-154O4V04 (DD1)H00 (DD2)0000000114951
1835-01-21T14:008.23-23.18412.6VM8-152NOTO2Z04 UIT Z0000000114952
1835-01-22T14:006.72-22.80206.7VM8-144NOTN4Z04 UIT Z (DD2)0000000114953
1835-01-23T13:005.57-22.383552.6-162NTO2Z04 UIT ZW0000000114954
1835-01-24T13:004.55-22.351194.6VM8-163ZO3W01V031000000114955
1835-01-25T13:003.47-22.421192.6VM8-162ZO2W001000000114956
1835-01-26T14:002.80-22.581324.6VM8-143ZOTZ3H000000000114957
1835-01-27T14:001.60-23.401459.3VM8-135ZZO5W30 (DD2)V10 (DD2)0000100114958
1835-01-28T14:00-0.28-25.151459.3VM8-135ZZO5H000000000114959
1835-01-29T14:00-2.53-26.871229.3VM8-135ZO5H00 (DD1)0000000114960
1835-01-30T14:00-5.35-28.4712512.3VM8-106ZO6V04 (DD1)0000000114961
1835-01-31T14:00-8.20-30.02115VM8-9ZOTOH000000000114962
1835-02-01T14:00-11.37-30.68929.3VM8-95OTZ50000000114963
1835-02-02T14:00-14.52-30.378215.4VM8-87O7V04 (DD2)0000000114964
1835-02-03T14:00-17.70-30.03726.7VM8-74OTN4V040000000114965
1835-02-04T14:00-20.60-29.88839.3VM8-75O5V100000000114966
1835-02-05T14:00-23.45-29.981079.3VM8-65OZO50000000114967
1835-02-06T14:00-26.25-30.10846.7VM8-64O4H00 (DD1)0000000114968
1835-02-07T14:00-28.77-30.321084.6VM8-53OZO30000000114969
1835-02-08T14:00-29.62-30.10639.3VM8-55ONO50000000114970
1835-02-09T14:00-30.32-29.02292.6VM8-52NOTN2H00 (DD2)0000000114971
1835-02-10T14:00-31.05-28.45409.3VM8-55NO5V04 (DD1)0000000114972
1835-02-11T14:00-32.23-25.90370.0VM8-80NO2-0V04 (DD1)0000000114973
1835-02-12T14:00-32.70-24.601394.6VM8-73ZOTZ3Z03 UIT ZW (DD2)0000000114974
1835-02-13T14:00-33.10-24.73384.6VM8-73NO3Z04 (DD2)H00 (DD2)0000000114975
1835-02-14T14:00-34.53-24.18166.7VM8-74NNO4H000000000114976
1835-02-15T13:00-34.97-21.353509.3VM8-105N50000000114977
1835-02-16T13:00-34.52-17.5535012.3VM8-106N6W100010000114978
1835-02-17T13:00-35.85-13.473369.3VM8-135NTW5H00 (DD2)0000000114979
1835-02-18T13:00-36.17-9.331539.3VM8-165ZTO5V040000000114980
1835-02-19T12:00-35.48-6.221399.3VM8-195ZZO50000000114981
1835-02-20T12:00-34.77-2.321364.6VM8-223ZZO3Z04 UIT ZW (DD2)0000000114982
1835-02-21T12:00-34.90-2.181136.7VM8-224ZO4V04, V03 (DD2)0000000114983
1835-02-22T12:00-36.77-3.551392.6VM8-192ZZO2V100000000114984
1835-02-23T12:00-37.77-4.281286.7VM8-184ZOTZ4V050000000114985
1835-02-24T12:00-38.87-5.251170.0VM8-180ZO2-0V05 (DD1)0000000114986
1835-02-25T12:00-39.73-5.682072.6VM8-182ZW2W11 (DD2)0010000114987
1835-02-26T12:00-39.42-5.672306.7VM8-184WZW40000000114988
1835-02-27T12:00-40.65-4.232079.3VM8-185ZW5V050000000114989
1835-02-28T12:00-40.70-0.572726.7VM8-214WNW4V05 (DD1)0000000114990
1835-03-01T12:00-40.072.3831712.31021.4VM8-21630.16NNW6H00 (DD2)0000000114991
1835-03-02T12:00-39.906.9525815.41012.6VM8-23729.90WTN7V030000000114992
1835-03-03T11:00-39.7011.331099.31019.7VM8-26530.11ZO5V03H000000000114993
1835-03-04T11:00-38.1514.00416.7VM8-274ONO4V040000000114994
1835-03-05T11:00-38.7715.483119.3VM8-275NNW5W20V100100000114995
1835-03-06T11:00-39.3318.823310.0VM8-290Z-N2-0V10 (DD1)0000000114996
1835-03-07T11:00-39.0720.5828612.3VM8-296NW6W20V030100000114997
1835-03-08T10:00-39.2324.5217312.3VM8-306ZZW6V04 (DD2)0000000114998
1835-03-09T10:00-38.8528.622852.6VM8-302NW2H00 (DD1)0000000114999
1835-03-10T10:00-38.9229.901504.6VM8-303Z3H00 (DD2)0000000115000
1835-03-11T10:00-38.7231.00606.7VM8-304O4H00 (DD2)0000000115001
1835-03-12T10:00-39.1032.32159.31025.8VM8-30530.29NO5V04 (DD2)0000000115002
1835-03-13T10:00-40.5034.92384.61025.8VM8-31330.29ONO3V05 (DD2)0000000115003
1835-03-14T10:00-41.4236.523539.31025.8VM8-31530.29NNO5V03 (DD2)0000000115004
1835-03-15T09:00-41.7040.173419.31025.8VM8-30530.29NTO5V050000000115005
1835-03-16T09:00-41.4743.0031919.01025.8VM8-30830.29NTW8V050000000115006
1835-03-17T09:00-40.9847.5324115.4VM8-297W7W20V10, V030100000115007
1835-03-18T09:00-40.7251.583209.3VM8-295NTW5W10 (DD2)0010000115008
1835-03-19T08:00-40.4556.5329915.4VM8-277NWTN7W100010000115009
1835-03-20T08:00-39.8061.233239.3VM8-265NTW5V030000000115010
1835-03-21T08:00-39.8065.1332415.4VM8-257NTW7V050000000115011
1835-03-22T07:00-39.0369.3232515.4VM8-247NTW7W10W200110000115012
1835-03-23T07:00-38.6373.40303VM8-23NWTNV04 (DD2)H00 (DD2)0000000115013
1835-03-24T07:00-37.6876.4330319.0VM8-238NWTN8Z04 UIT W0000000115014
1835-03-25T06:00-36.6790.532349.3VM8-145WZW5V100000000115015
1835-03-26T06:00-34.6393.82145VM8-13ZZOV04 (DD1)0000000115016
1835-03-27T06:00-32.1396.181269.3VM8-95ZO50000000115017
1835-03-28T05:00-29.2298.171169.3VM8-85ZOTO5V100000000115018
1835-03-29T05:00-25.6899.4210712.3VM8-66OZO6W100010000115019
1835-03-30T05:00-22.2399.95860.0VM8-40O0W100010000115020
1835-03-31T05:00-20.32100.42412.6VM8-42NO2V030000000115021
1835-04-01T05:00-19.70100.25649.3VM8-45ONO5W001000000115022
1835-04-02T05:00-18.05100.4210912.3VM8-46OZO6W00Z001000000115023
1835-04-03T05:00-15.18101.388822.6VM8-29O9W021000000115024
1835-04-04T05:00-13.80101.126619.0VM8-28ONO8W001000000115025
1835-04-05T05:00-12.65101.25544.6VM8-23NOTO3V04, V030000000115026
1835-04-06T05:00-11.25101.1756VM80NOTOV04H000000000115027
1835-04-07T05:00-10.38101.30456.7VM804NO4V04H000000000115028
1835-04-08T05:00-11.38102.873602.6VM802N2W20 (DD1)V10 (DD1)0100000115029
1835-04-09T05:00-10.17103.52135VM80ZOH000000000115030
1835-04-10T05:00-9.57104.231356.7VM804ZO40000000115031
1835-04-11T05:00-8.17106.402032.6VM802ZZW2V04 (DD2)0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation115032
1835-04-12T13:00-6.10106.862262.61PV812ZW2H000000000115033