García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during HORNET cruise from Torbay to St. Kitts started at 1757-03-17 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749723, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.501633 * Median Longitude: -24.469184 * South-bound Latitude: 16.670000 * West-bound Longitude: -61.460000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.550000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.360000
Date/Time Start: 1757-03-17T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1757-05-04T16:00:00
Event(s):
Hornet_17570317_NMM_ADM/L/H163 * Latitude Start: 50.437000 * Longitude Start: -3.528000 * Latitude End: 19.820000 * Longitude End: -62.950000 * Date/Time Start: 1757-03-17T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1757-05-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Hornet (Snow), Voyage: Torbay - St Kitts, 1st Observer: Sampson Salt (Captain), 2nd Observer: William Jones (Author), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 10G 268BM. SWALLOW CLASS
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc. | |||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about wars and fights in which this ship was involved | |||
| 13 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 14 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 15 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Comment | Comment | ||||
| 27 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
940 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...) | 12 Comment (Any remark, found in the logb...) | 13 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 14 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 15 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 Comment | 27 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1757-03-17T12:00 | 49.50 | -5.36 | 353 | 6.7 | START | N61E | 26 | S61W | 78.00 | -18 | NNE, NE, NBE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PART CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113164 | |||||
| 1757-03-18T12:00 | 49.05 | -6.26 | 230 | 19.0 | START | N59E | 42 | S56W | 49.00 | -18 | N, W, WSW | FIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE LIGHT AIRS, LATTER FRESH GALES | FIRST PART HAZY, MIDDLE CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113165 | |||||
| 1757-03-19T12:00 | 49.55 | -7.06 | 241 | 1.0 | START | N75E | 49 | N44W | 46.00 | -18 | WBN, WBS | FIRST PART MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT AIRS | MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113166 | |||||
| 1757-03-20T13:00 | 48.80 | -7.73 | 262 | 15.4 | START | N64E | 61 | S28W | 54.00 | PM GOT DOWN TOPGALLANT YARDS, AM GOT THEM UP | -19 | WBS, WBN | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE FRESH GALES | MIDDLE HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113167 | ||||
| 1757-03-21T13:00 | 47.40 | -8.30 | 252 | 6.7 | START | N46E | 80 | S60W | 86.00 | -18 | NBW, W | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | a trivial correction was made in this observation | 113168 | ||||
| 1757-03-22T13:00 | 48.18 | -9.03 | 319 | 6.7 | START | N62E | 83 | N43W | 63.00 | -19 | WSW, NNW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113169 | |||||
| 1757-03-23T13:00 | 48.07 | -9.46 | 229 | 26.8 | START | N61E | 86 | S71W | 19.00 | -19 | NBW, WSW | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE MODERATE, LATTER HARD GALES AND HARD SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113170 | ||||||
| 1757-03-24T13:00 | 48.20 | -9.03 | 217 | 19.0 | START | N62E | 80 | N61E | 25.00 | GOT DOWN TOPGALLANT MASTS AND YARDS | -19 | WBN, WSW, SWBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALES | LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113171 | ||||
| 1757-03-25T13:00 | 48.77 | -9.33 | 319 | 1.0 | START | N70E | 81 | N21W | 36.00 | -19 | WBS, WSW, NNW | FIRST PART STRONG GALES, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER LIGHT AIRS | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113172 | |||||
| 1757-03-26T13:00 | 48.47 | -10.13 | 172 | 6.7 | START | N69E | 93 | S60W | 36.00 | -19 | NNW, S, SBW | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS LIGHT AIRS, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113173 | |||||
| 1757-03-27T13:00 | 48.70 | -11.26 | 361 | 22.6 | START | N75E | 108 | N79W | 56.00 | -19 | SW, SWBS, CALM | FIRST MODERATE GALES, MIDDLE FRESG GALES, LATTER STRONG GALES | LATTER RAIN | LATTER LARGE WESTERN SWELL | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113174 | |||
| 1757-03-28T13:00 | 47.77 | -10.96 | 217 | START | N66E | 120 | S18E | 59.00 | -19 | SWBW | FIRST PART LIGHT AIRS, MIDDLE AND LATTER HARD SQUALLS | LATTER PART RAIN AND HAIL | FIRST PART FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 113175 | |||||
| 1757-03-29T13:00 | 46.47 | -12.46 | 263 | 6.7 | START | N59E | 140 | S22W | 79.00 | -18 | SWBW, NNW, WBN | FIRST PART SQUALLY, MIDDLE FRESH GALES, LATTER MODERATE | FIRST PART RAIN | VERY LARGE NW SWELL | LATTER FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113176 | |||
| 1757-03-30T13:00 | 46.57 | -12.61 | 231 | 19.0 | START | N65E | 133 | N19W | 7.00 | SHIPPED LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER | -17 | WBN, WSW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FRESH GALES, MIDDLE STRONG GALES | LARGE SEA FROM WNW | FIRST AND LATTER PARTS FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113177 | |||
| 1757-03-31T13:00 | 47.17 | -13.41 | 197 | 19.0 | START | N65E | 144 | N36W | 45.00 | -17 | WSW, W, SWBS | FIRST AND LATTER PART FRESH GALES AND VERY HARD SQUALLS, MIDDLE MODERATE | MIDDLE FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113178 | |||||
| 1757-04-01T13:00 | 47.53 | -13.83 | 307 | 22.6 | START | N69E | 143 | S11E | 67.00 | SHIPPED A VERY HEAVY SEA | -19 | WSW, W, NWBN | STRONG GALES WITH VERY HARD SQUALLS | RAIN | LARGE NW SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113179 | |||
| 1757-04-02T13:00 | 46.30 | -13.46 | 309 | 22.6 | START | N60E | 152 | S11E | 67.00 | -17 | NWBW, WSW, NWBN | STRONG GALES WITH VERY HARD SQUALLS | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113180 | |||||
| 1757-04-03T13:00 | 45.35 | -14.05 | 163 | 6.7 | START | N56E | 168 | S26W | 62.00 | -17 | NW, SSW, S | FIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATE | LARGE WESTERN SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113181 | |||||
| 1757-04-04T13:00 | 44.72 | -14.60 | 242 | 1.0 | START | N54E | 182 | S33W | 43.00 | -17 | S, WBN, WBS | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | FIRST AND MIDDLE HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113182 | |||||
| 1757-04-05T13:00 | 44.82 | -14.60 | 242 | 0.0 | START | N51E | 180 | S | 6.00 | -17 | CALM, WBS | CALM | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113183 | |||||
| 1757-04-06T13:00 | 44.28 | -14.70 | 39 | 6.7 | START | N52E | 190 | S6W | 36.00 | -17 | SSE, EBN, NEBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113184 | |||||
| 1757-04-07T13:00 | 42.52 | -15.40 | 28 | 6.7 | START | N50E | 224 | S22W | 115.00 | -17 | E, NE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113185 | |||||
| 1757-04-08T13:00 | 40.72 | -16.13 | 29 | 6.7 | START | N42E | 254 | S12W | 110.00 | -16 | NE | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113186 | ||||||
| 1757-04-09T13:00 | 39.97 | -17.06 | 29 | 6.7 | START | N40E | 289 | S22W | 114.00 | -16 | NE | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113187 | ||||||
| 1757-04-10T13:00 | 36.58 | -18.96 | 31 | 6.7 | START | N39E | 347 | SWBS | 170.00 | -14 | NE | MODERATE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113188 | ||||||
| 1757-04-11T13:00 | 34.38 | -21.13 | 31 | 19.0 | START | N39E | 405 | S40W | 166.00 | -14 | NE | FRESH GALES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113189 | |||||
| 1757-04-12T14:00 | 32.75 | -22.90 | 44 | 6.7 | START | N39E | 450 | S42W | 128.00 | -12 | NEBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113190 | |||||
| 1757-04-13T14:00 | 31.75 | -24.13 | 46 | 6.7 | START | N39E | 480 | SW | 90.00 | -10 | NEBE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113191 | |||||
| 1757-04-14T14:00 | 30.75 | -24.96 | 58 | 6.7 | START | N39E | 505 | S36W | 72.00 | -10 | SEBE, E, ENE | MODERATE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113192 | |||||
| 1757-04-15T14:00 | 27.67 | -26.30 | 305 | 6.7 | START | N40E | 538 | S46W | 94.00 | -10 | ENE, NNE, NW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113193 | |||||
| 1757-04-16T14:00 | 28.48 | -27.03 | 271 | 6.7 | START | N39E | 572 | S30W | 76.00 | -10 | NW, WBN | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113194 | |||||
| 1757-04-17T14:00 | 26.48 | -27.03 | 306 | 6.7 | START | N38E | 605 | S22W | 124.00 | -9 | WNW, NW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113195 | |||||
| 1757-04-18T14:00 | 25.38 | -28.56 | 241 | 6.7 | START | N37E | 635 | S26W | 69.00 | -7 | NW, WSW | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113196 | |||||
| 1757-04-19T14:00 | 23.45 | -28.56 | 286 | 15.4 | START | N36E | 668 | S | 116.00 | -7 | WSW, W, WNW | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113197 | |||||
| 1757-04-20T14:00 | 22.15 | -29.83 | 309 | 15.4 | START | N36E | 705 | S43W | 104.00 | -6 | WBN, NW | MODERATE GALES | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113198 | |||||
| 1757-04-21T14:00 | 21.23 | -30.70 | 17 | 6.7 | START | N36E | 760 | S62W | 116.00 | -6 | N, NBW, NNE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113199 | |||||
| 1757-04-22T14:00 | 20.15 | -32.36 | 354 | 6.7 | START | N38E | 790 | S56W | 114.00 | -6 | N | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113200 | |||||
| 1757-04-23T14:00 | 19.38 | -34.43 | 19 | 6.7 | START | N40E | 830 | S69W | 130.00 | FIRD SHOT AT THEM | -4 | N, NNE | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113201 | ||||
| 1757-04-24T14:00 | 19.15 | -36.66 | 75 | 6.7 | START | N42E | 860 | S83W | 128.00 | -4 | EBN | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH SOME FLYING SQUALLS | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113202 | |||||
| 1757-04-25T15:00 | 18.08 | -38.90 | 88 | 6.7 | START | N43E | 896 | S81W | 126.00 | -2 | ENE, E | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH SOME FLYING SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113203 | ||||||
| 1757-04-26T15:00 | 18.22 | -41.90 | 88 | 6.7 | START | NE | 928 | S73W | 128.00 | -2 | EBN, E | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH SOME FLYING SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113204 | ||||||
| 1757-04-27T15:00 | 17.58 | -44.26 | 89 | 6.7 | START | N46E | 980 | S74W | 140.00 | -1 | E | MODERATE INTERMIXED WITH SOME FLYING SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113205 | ||||||
| 1757-04-28T15:00 | 17.38 | -47.43 | 113 | START | N47E | 1016 | S85W | 156.00 | 0 | EBN, E, ESE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE | FOLLOWING SWELL | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR, LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113206 | |||||
| 1757-04-29T15:00 | 16.93 | -50.10 | 115 | 19.0 | START | N50E | 1051 | S80W | 156.00 | 2 | EBN, ESE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FOLLOWING SEA | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113207 | |||
| 1757-04-30T16:00 | 16.83 | -52.63 | 93 | 19.0 | START | N52E | 1096 | S87W | 154.00 | 3 | ENE, E | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY | LATTER RAIN | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113208 | ||||
| 1757-05-01T16:00 | 16.73 | -55.23 | 116 | START | N53E | 1138 | W1/4S | 146.00 | 3 | E, ESE | FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE, LATTER SQUALLS | LATTER RAIN | LATTER CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113209 | |||||
| 1757-05-02T16:00 | 16.73 | -57.56 | 94 | 6.7 | START | N54E | 1180 | W | 142.00 | 4 | E, NE, E | MODERATE | FOLLOWING SEA | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113210 | ||||
| 1757-05-03T16:00 | 16.67 | -59.76 | 83 | 6.7 | START | N56E | 1214 | S86W | 128.00 | 4 | E, EBN | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113211 | |||||
| 1757-05-04T16:00 | 16.82 | -61.46 | 94 | 6.7 | START | N56E | 1250 | W1/2N | 100.00 | 4 | E | MODERATE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113212 |