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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during HORNET cruise from Portsmouth to Cape Henry started at 1755-04-28 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749721, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 40.034026 * Median Longitude: -44.940909 * South-bound Latitude: 32.000000 * West-bound Longitude: -75.350000 * North-bound Latitude: 49.670000 * East-bound Longitude: -4.510000
Date/Time Start: 1755-04-28T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-07-13T17:00:00
Event(s):
Hornet_17550428_NMM_ADM/L/H163 * Latitude Start: 50.750000 * Longitude Start: -0.980000 * Latitude End: 37.350000 * Longitude End: -74.930000 * Date/Time Start: 1755-04-28T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1755-07-13T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Hornet (Snow), Voyage: Portsmouth - Cape Henry, 1st Observer: Sampson Salt (Captain), 2nd Observer: Jacob Thorp (Author), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 10G 268BM. SWALLOW CLASS
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
10 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
11 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
12 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
14 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
15 CommentCommentAny remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about wars and fights in which this ship was involved
16 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
17 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
18 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20 Present weatherwwWeather description
21 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
23 ClearnessClearness
24 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
25 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
26 FogFog1 If fog was reported
27 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
28 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
29 HailHail1 If hail was reported
30 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
31 CommentComment
32 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1493 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)

Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)

Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
10 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
11 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
12 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
13 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
14 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
15 
Comment
(Any remark, found in the logb...)
16 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
17 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
18 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
19 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
20 
ww
(Weather description)
21 
Precip descr
22 
State sea descr
23 
Clearness
24 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
25 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
26 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
27 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
28 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
29 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
30 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
31 
Comment
32 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1755-04-28T12:0049.67-4.5129719.0EDDYSTONENEBE111SBW1/2W32.00-18WSW, W, NWFIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYFIRST PART FAIR0000000113050
1755-04-29T12:0048.40-6.2632019.0EDDYSTONENE3/4N50SW1/4S103.00-18NNWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYSHOWERS OF HAIL AND RAIN1100010113051
1755-04-30T12:0047.82-7.393422.6EDDYSTONENE1/2N62SW1/2W34.00-18NW, NFIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER LITTLE WINDLATTER FAIR0000000113052
1755-05-01T13:0047.87-8.2818519.0THE EDDYSTONENE1/2E70W1/2N39.00-18NW, SW, SSWFIRST PART LITTLE WINDS , MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYFIRST PART FAIR0000000113053
1755-05-02T13:0048.25-8.84276.7THE EDDYSTONESE1/2E72N40W34.00-18SW, N, NEFIRST AND MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATEGREAT WESTERN SWELLLATTER CLOUDY0000000113054
1755-05-03T13:0047.42-9.832815.4THE EDDYSTONEN3/4E93SW1/2S65.00-17SW, N, NEMODERATE GALESCLOUDY0000000113055
1755-05-04T13:0046.25-11.835115.4THE EDDYSTONEN52:20E164S50W108.00-17ENEMODERATE GALESHAZY0000000113056
1755-05-05T13:0045.17-13.857319.0THE EDDYSTONEN52:20E165S52W106.00-17EFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113057
1755-05-06T13:0045.48-15.888419.0THE EDDYSTONENEBE1/2E183N80W86.00AT 8AM ADMIRAL MOADE THE SIGNAL FOR LINE OF BATTLE AHEAD-17EBSFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113058
1755-05-07T13:0045.53-19.142919.0THE EDDYSTONEN65:30E224W1/4N140.00-16NEFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113059
1755-05-08T13:0045.43-22.21719.0THE EDDYSTONEN86:59E258W1/2N110.00-16NNEFRESH GALESFAIR0000000113060
1755-05-09T14:0045.90-22.882776.7THE EDDYSTONEN71:35E270W40.00-16NE, WNWMODERATEFAIR0000000113061
1755-05-10T14:0044.30-24.412919.0THE EDDYSTONEN67:10E303W26S73.00-16NW, NEFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113062
1755-05-11T14:0044.50-27.14719.0THE EDDYSTONEE44:30N339W1/2N120.00-16NNEFRESH GALESHAZY0000000113063
1755-05-12T14:0044.20-29.64186.7THE EDDYSTONEEBN3/4N372W10S108.00-16NEBNFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS RAINLATTER FAIR0100000113064
1755-05-13T14:0044.20-31.1834415.4THE EDDYSTONEE19:00N396W1N66.00-16NMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000a trivial correction was made in this observation113065
1755-05-14T14:0043.88-32.0929915.4THE EDDYSTONEE18:00N408W25S44.00-16NNW, NWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113066
1755-05-15T14:0044.20-33.011886.7THE EDDYSTONEE17:00N419W20N40.00-15SSWMODERATEFAIR0000000113067
1755-05-16T14:0044.63-35.9121019.0THE EDDYSTONEE15N457W8N126.00-15SBW, SWFIRST PART MODERATE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYFIRST PART FAIR0000000113068
1755-05-17T15:0045.23-38.211886.7THE EDDYSTONEE12N486W24N108.00-15SSWFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATEFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS RAINLATTER FAIR0100000113069
1755-05-18T15:0045.85-38.9921015.4THE EDDYSTONEE10N493N44W49.00-15SWMODERATE GALESCLOUDY0000000113070
1755-05-19T15:0046.40-40.8919922.6THE EDDYSTONEE8N521WNW94.00-15SWBSFIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLYFIRST PART CLOUDY0000000113071
1755-05-20T15:0047.83-42.3620522.6THE EDDYSTONEE6N538W41N78.00-20SWSTRONG GALES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000113072
1755-05-21T15:0047.60-43.6419319.0THE EDDYSTONEE05:23N556W20N60.00-21SWBSFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113073
1755-05-22T15:0046.67-45.0432319.0THE EDDYSTONEE8N577SW79.00-15NNWFRESH GALESHAZY0000000113074
1755-05-23T15:0046.32-46.183019.0THE EDDYSTONEE7N593W25S51.00-15N, NEFRESH GALESFAIR0000000113075
1755-05-24T15:0046.15-48.9418719.0THE EDDYSTONEE7N626W1/2S116.00-16SE, SSWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000113076
1755-05-25T15:0046.78-49.6611919.0THE EDDYSTONEE6N636N39W48.00-16WSW, SEFRESH GALESHAZY0000000113077
1755-05-26T15:0046.57-50.6116419.0THE EDDYSTONEE6N652SBW1/2S48.00AT 5 SAW AN ISLAND OF ICE!!!!-16SSE, SFIRST AND MIDDLE STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER FRESH GALESFIRST AND MIDDLE RAINLATTER CLOUDY0100001113078
1755-05-27T15:0045.73-52.4316419.0THE EDDYSTONEE7N679W34S90.007 ISLANDS OF ICE!-16SEBE, SFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000001113079
1755-05-28T15:0044.15-51.7623215.4THE EDDYSTONEE8N611S39E45.00-16WSWMODERATE GALESHAZY0000000113080
1755-05-29T15:0045.00-51.332092.6THE EDDYSTONEE9N664ESE1/2S20.00AT 2PM SAW 6 ISLANDS OF ICE-16SWLITTLE WINDSCLOUDY0000001113081
1755-05-30T15:0045.07-51.89232THE EDDYSTONEE10N676S24W60.00AT 6PM SAW AN ISLAND OF ICE-16SBE, WSWFIRST PART MODERATE GALESFIRST PART FAIR, MIDDLE AND LATTER HAZY0000001113082
1755-05-31T15:0042.87-49.6320919.0THE EDDYSTONEE12N649SE3/4E124.00-16SWFRESH GALESRAINHAZY0100000113083
1755-06-01T15:0042.22-48.713422.6EDDYSTONEE13N637SE55.00-11SW, NW, NEFIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER STRONG GALES AND SQUALLYHAZY0000000113084
1755-06-02T15:0042.30-48.88342.6EDDYSTONEE14N641W30N8.00-11ENE, NELITTLE WINDSFAIR0000000113085
1755-06-03T15:0042.18-49.4112415.4EDDYSTONEE14N648S16W25.00-11CALM, SSW, SEFIRST AND MIDDLE LITTLE WINDS, LATTER MODERATE GALESLATTER CLOUDY0000000113086
1755-06-04T15:0041.43-48.6930415.4EDDYSTONEE15N642S35E57.00-11S, SW, NWMODERATE GALESCLOUDY0000000113087
1755-06-05T15:0040.20-47.6125915.4EDDYSTONEE18N635S34E89.00-11WESTMODERATE GALESRAINCLOUDY0100000113088
1755-06-06T15:0038.50-47.8824819.0EDDYSTONEE24N633SSE110.00-11WBSFRESH GALESMISLING(!) RAIN0100000113089
1755-06-07T15:0036.87-45.8624015.4EDDYSTONEE24N633SSE106.00-8WSWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113090
1755-06-08T15:0035.40-45.1126219.0EDDYSTONEE27N637SSE95.00-8WFRESH GALESFAIR0000000113091
1755-06-09T15:0035.05-45.1930715.4EDDYSTONEE28N639S12W21.00-8W, NWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113092
1755-06-10T15:0035.05-46.23371.0EDDYSTONEE27N654W51.00-8WNW, NELIGHT AIRSFAIR0000000113093
1755-06-11T15:0035.18-47.131515.4EDDYSTONEE26N666W6N44.00-8NNEMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113094
1755-06-12T15:0034.95-47.863081.0EDDYSTONEE26N679WSW37.00-7NBE, NWLIGHT AIRSFAIR0000000113095
1755-06-13T15:0035.52-48.3430819.0EDDYSTONEE25N681N35W42.00-7NWFIRST AND MIDDLE MODERATE GALES, LATTER FRESH GALESFIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS FAIR LATTER CLOUDY0000000113096
1755-06-14T15:0034.23-48.0324119.0EDDYSTONEE27N688SBE79.00-7WSWFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113097
1755-06-15T15:0032.95-46.8821719.0EDDYSTONEE30N685SE3/4S96.00-8SWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAINHAZY0100000113098
1755-06-16T15:0032.10-46.642096.7EDDYSTONEE31N689S14E52.00-5SWBSFIRST PART FRESH GALES, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART RAINMIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR0100000113099
1755-06-17T15:0032.33-47.7119915.4EDDYSTONEE29N710WBN1/4N56.00-4SSWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113100
1755-06-18T15:0032.73-48.9621815.4EDDYSTONEE28N716W22N67.00-7SWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113101
1755-06-19T15:0032.25-49.9923215.4EDDYSTONEE27N727WNW3/4N61.00-4SWBWMODERATE GALESCLOUDY0000000113102
1755-06-20T15:0032.62-49.2421819.0EDDYSTONEE29N721SE54.00-7SWFRESH GALESFAIR0000000113103
1755-06-21T15:0032.63-51.2618419.0EDDYSTONEE27N752W1N103.00-7SBWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYRAIN0100000113104
1755-06-22T16:0032.00-53.5117719.0EDDYSTONEE25N784WBN116.00-3SFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYLIGHTNINGHARD SHOWERS OF RAIN1100100113105
1755-06-23T16:0033.33-54.672196.7EDDYSTONEE24N802WBN1/4N76.00-6S, SWFIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATETHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGFIRST AND MIDDLE HEAVY RAIN0100100113106
1755-06-24T16:0033.28-54.996215.4EDDYSTONEE25N814W1/2S29.00-6WSW, NW, ENEMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113107
1755-06-25T16:0033.07-55.253092.6EDDYSTONEE24N820WSW30.00-6CALM, NWLITTLE WINDS INCLINING TO CALMFAIR0000000113108
1755-06-26T16:0033.42-56.6419719.0EDDYSTONEE23N844CAPE CLEARW16N278WBN3/4N87.00-6W, SSWFIRST PART LITTLE WINDS, MIDDLE AND LATER FRESH GALES AND SQUALLYFIRST PART FAIR0000000113109
1755-06-27T16:0033.60-57.443436.7EDDYSTONEE22N848W28N24.00-6SW, W, NBWFIRST PART FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, MIDDLE AND LATTER MODERATEFIRST PART HARD SHOWERS OF RAINMIDDLE AND LATTER FAIR1100000a trivial correction was made in this observation113110
1755-06-28T16:0033.17-58.1733315.4EDDYSTONEE22N876WBS1/2S88.00-5NNWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113111
1755-06-29T16:0032.95-58.7135515.4EDDYSTONEE22N889WBS1/2S43.00-5NMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113112
1755-06-30T16:0032.98-58.742202.6EDDYSTONEE22N892WBN10.00-5NBE, CALM, SWLITTLE WIND AND CALMSFAIR0000000113113
1755-07-01T16:0032.97-59.7717515.4EDDYSTONEE22N914W1S65.00-5SMODERATE GALESCLOUDY0000000113114
1755-07-02T16:0033.53-62.2222019.0EDDYSTONEE22N955W15N142.00-5SBE, SWFRESH GALESFAIR0000000113115
1755-07-03T16:0035.87-62.3419815.4EDDYSTONEE19N959NW28.00-5SSWMODERATE GALESTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGRAIN0100100113116
1755-07-04T16:0034.67-63.5221019.0EDDYSTONEE18N975NWBW86.00-4SWBSFRESH GALESLIGHTNINGRAINCLOUDY0100100113117
1755-07-05T16:0035.25-64.2419915.4EDDYSTONEE17N987W35N60.00-4SSWMODERATE GALESFAIR0000000113118
1755-07-06T16:0036.23-66.5318719.0EDDYSTONEE15N1019W25N37.00-4SBWFRESH GALES AND SQUALLYFREQUENT SHOWERS OF RAIN1100000113119
1755-07-07T16:0036.57-67.3221019.0EDDYSTONEE15N1036W20S56.00-4SWBSFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113120
1755-07-08T17:0036.37-68.3135715.4EDDYSTONEE15N1056CAPE HENRY17:45N41WBS61.00-3NW, NMODERATE GALESHAZY0000000113121
1755-07-09T17:0036.67-70.7342EDDYSTONEE14N1098W8N132.00-3NNE, NEFIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALESFIRST AND MIDDLE RAINFIRST AND MIDDLE CLOUDY, LATTER FAIR0100000113122
1755-07-10T17:0037.00-72.2835719.0EDDYSTONEE13N1123W12N90.00-3NFRESH GALESCLOUDY0000000113123
1755-07-11T17:0037.08-73.4136219.0EDDYSTONEE13N1143W4N67.00-1VARIABLEFRESH GALESRAINCLOUDY0100000113124
1755-07-12T17:0037.28-74.8621315.4EDDYSTONEE13N1190W8N84.00-1S, SWBSFIRST AND MIDDLE FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY, LATTER MODERATE GALESTHUNDER AND LIGHTNINGFIRST AND MIDDLE HEAVY RAINS0100100113125
1755-07-13T17:0037.32-75.3519015.4EDDYSTONEE13N1179WBN37.00-1SBWMODERATE GALESMISLING SHOWERS OF RAINHAZY1100000113126