García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during HOPE cruise from St. Augustine to Simons Bay started at 1799-07-01 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749638, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -30.526667 * Median Longitude: 31.765926 * South-bound Latitude: -35.100000 * West-bound Longitude: 21.630000 * North-bound Latitude: -24.220000 * East-bound Longitude: 41.420000
Date/Time Start: 1799-07-01T09:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1799-07-27T11:00:00
Event(s):
Hope_17990701_NMM_ADM/L/H121 * Latitude Start: -23.630000 * Longitude Start: 43.410000 * Latitude End: -33.380000 * Longitude End: 17.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1799-07-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1799-07-27T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Hope (Brig/Sloop), Voyage: St Augustine - Simons Bay, 1st Observer: Augustus Brine (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 14G 230BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 14 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
489 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 14 ww (Weather description) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1799-07-01T09:00 | -24.22 | 41.42 | 268 | 9.3 | S68:53W | 108.00 | -25 | WSW, WNW | FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112987 | ||||||
| 1799-07-02T09:00 | -25.23 | 40.38 | 223 | 2.6 | S43:10W | 82.00 | -25 | VARIABLE, NE, WSW | MODERATE BREEZES, AT MIDNIGHT INCLINABLE TO CALM, AT 5 LIGHT BREEZE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112988 | ||||||
| 1799-07-03T09:00 | -26.15 | 39.75 | 234 | 9.3 | CAPE LAGULLAS | S62:42W | 378 | S34:13W | 61.00 | -25 | VARIABLE, NWBW, WBS | FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112989 | |||
| 1799-07-04T09:00 | -25.78 | 39.10 | 211 | 9.3 | N64:6W | 39.00 | -25 | VARIABLE, NWBW, SWBW | MODERATE BREEZES, AT 6 LIGHT AIRS, AT 4 AM FRESH BREEZES | SWELL FROM WSW, AT 4AM HEAVY SWELL FROM WEST | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112990 | |||||
| 1799-07-05T10:00 | -26.10 | 37.38 | 210 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S50:56W | 195 | S77:24W | 88.00 | -26 | VARIABLE, SSW, SWBW | FRESH BREEZES | LONG SWELL FROM WESTWARD | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112991 | ||
| 1799-07-06T10:00 | -26.98 | 36.73 | 362 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S52:25W | 173 | S39W | 68.00 | -26 | NEBN, NNW, VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES FRESH BREEZES SQUALLY | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112992 | |||
| 1799-07-07T10:00 | -28.25 | 36.68 | 220 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S2E | 72.00 | -28 | VARIABLE, WSW | FRESH BREEZES AT MIDNIGHT SQUALLY | A LONG SWELL FROM THE SOUTHWARD | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112993 | ||||
| 1799-07-08T10:00 | -29.28 | 37.12 | 242 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S67:21W | 154 | S20:21E | 67.00 | -28 | WBS, W | FRESH BREEZES | VERY HEAVY SWELL FROM S | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112994 | ||
| 1799-07-09T10:00 | -28.60 | 36.32 | 231 | 2.6 | POINT NATAL | S60:27W | 148 | S47:58W | 57.00 | -28 | VARIABLE, WBS | MODERATE BREEZES AT MIDNIGHT SQUALLY LIGHT BREEZE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112995 | |||
| 1799-07-10T10:00 | -29.10 | 35.30 | 231 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S60:41W | 127 | S62W | 59.00 | -28 | N, WBS | MODERATE BREEZES AT MIDNIGHT CALM AT 4AM A LIGHT BREEZE AT NOON FRESH BREEZES | A LONG SWELL FROM THE SW OCCAISIONED BY A CURRENT | CLEAR AT NOON CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112996 | ||
| 1799-07-11T10:00 | -30.02 | 34.18 | 332 | POINT NATAL | S63:56W | 102 | S46:31E | 80.00 | -28 | NNE, NNW, VARIABLE, WSW, N | FRESH BREEZES AT 5 FRESH GALE AT 7 HEAVY SQUALLS | AT 7 RAIN | AT 10 RUNS VERY HEAVY | CLOUDY AT 10 BLACK AND THREATENING FROM SW | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112997 | ||
| 1799-07-12T10:00 | -29.38 | 34.33 | 265 | POINT NATAL | N11E | 39.00 | -28 | WNW | STRONG GALES AND HEAVY SQUALLS AT MIDNIGHT MORE MODERATE AT 4AM SQUALLY | RAIN | CONFUSED AND HEAVY SEA | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112998 | |||||
| 1799-07-13T10:00 | -29.03 | 34.05 | 242 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S54:14W | 110 | N35:32W | 26.00 | -28 | VARIABLE, W | FRESH BREEZES | HEAVY SWELL FROM WSW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 112999 | ||
| 1799-07-14T10:00 | -30.05 | 32.40 | 17 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | S54W | 75 | S56W | 104.00 | -28 | N, SWBW, NE | MODERATE BREEZES AT 9 FRESH BREEZES AM LIGHT AIRS AT NOON FRESH BREEZES | CLOUDY AT 9 HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113000 | |||
| 1799-07-15T10:00 | -29.95 | 31.37 | 175 | 9.3 | POINT NATAL | N83:38W | 54.00 | -28 | SBW, VARIABLE, SSW | FRESH BREEZES | SEA FALLING FAST | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113001 | |||||
| 1799-07-16T10:00 | -31.02 | 30.50 | 362 | 6.7 | POINT NATAL | S48:24W | 37 | S35:07W | 78.00 | -28 | ENE, NE, VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS AT 6 LIGHT BREEZE AT NOON MODERATE BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113002 | ||||
| 1799-07-17T10:00 | -31.32 | 30.40 | 362 | 2.6 | POINT NATAL | S54:21W | 32 | S15W | 19.00 | -28 | SSW, SBW, VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS INCLINABLE TO CALMS AT 11AM LIGHT BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113003 | ||||
| 1799-07-18T10:00 | -32.50 | 29.38 | 141 | 9.3 | S36:36W | 88.00 | -28 | SE, SBE | LIGHT BREEZES AT 12 FRESH BREEZE WITH HEAVY SQUALLS | AT 12 VIOLENT RAIN AT 5 HEAVY RAIN | CLEAR AT 6 DARK SQUALLY WEATHER AT DAYLIGHT BLACK | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 113004 | |||||
| 1799-07-19T10:00 | -34.27 | 27.50 | 95 | CAPE LAGULLAS | S85:24W | 116 | S41:32W | 143.00 | -29 | ESE, E, NE, SEBE | FRESH BREEZES AND SQUALLY 3AM FRSH GALES WITH SQUALLS AT NOON SQUALLY | RAIN AT 2 NNON RAIN | AT MIDNIGHT CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113005 | |||
| 1799-07-20T10:00 | -34.62 | 26.62 | 17 | 9.3 | CAPE LAGULLAS | S88:39W | 99 | S64:04W | 48.00 | -28 | VARIABLE, NE | FRESH BREEZES SQUALLY AT NOON | RAIN AT NOON | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113006 | ||
| 1799-07-21T10:00 | -34.12 | 25.97 | 298 | 6.7 | CAPE RECIF | N68:46W | 5 | N47W | 44.00 | -28 | VARIABLE, NWBN | MODERATE AT MIDNIGHT SQUALLY | THREATENING APPEARANCES FROM N | AT MIDNIGHT CONSTANT RAIN | HEAVY SWELL | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113007 |
| 1799-07-22T10:00 | -34.38 | 25.25 | 332 | 1.0 | S65W | 38.00 | -28 | NW, N | LIGHT AIRS INCLINING TO CALMS AT MIDNIGHT A LIGHT BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113008 | |||||||
| 1799-07-23T10:00 | -34.40 | 23.83 | 362 | 6.7 | SEAL POINT | EBS1/2S | 6 | S88:47W | 58.00 | -28 | ESE, VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES INCLINING TO CALMS AM MODERATE BREEZE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113009 | ||||
| 1799-07-24T10:00 | -34.65 | 23.38 | 17 | 22.6 | S55:32W | 27.00 | -28 | NW, VARIABLE, NE | MODERATE AT MIDNIGHT FRESH GALES AND SQUALLY AT 2 HARD SQUALLS AT 8 STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113010 | ||||||
| 1799-07-25T10:00 | -34.62 | 23.53 | 253 | 22.6 | N69E | 9.00 | -28 | SWBW, WBN | STRONG GALES | SQUALLS OF RAIN | CLOUDY | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113011 | |||||
| 1799-07-26T10:00 | -35.10 | 23.18 | 362 | 9.3 | S16:42W | 31.00 | -28 | VARIABLE | FRESH BREEZES INCLINABLE TO CALM AT NOON FRESH BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113012 | ||||||
| 1799-07-27T11:00 | -35.10 | 21.63 | 362 | 6.7 | W | 76.00 | -26 | SBE, SEBS, VARIABLE | MODERATE BREEZES | SQUALLS OF RAIN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 113013 |