García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during GLATTON cruise from Benkulen to St. Helena started at 1781-10-19 [dataset]. British Library, London, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749433, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -24.073833 * Median Longitude: 47.526500 * South-bound Latitude: -37.950000 * West-bound Longitude: -4.000000 * North-bound Latitude: -5.900000 * East-bound Longitude: 102.470000
Date/Time Start: 1781-10-19T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1781-12-17T12:00:00
Event(s):
Glatton_17811019_BL_L/MAR/B/172G * Latitude Start: -6.670000 * Longitude Start: 100.420000 * Latitude End: -15.890000 * Longitude End: -5.750000 * Date/Time Start: 1781-10-19T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1781-12-17T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Glatton, Voyage: Benkulen - St Helena, 1st Observer: John Clements (Captain), Company: EIC, Other ship information: 773BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 12 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 13 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 16 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 17 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 18 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 19 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 20 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 21 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 22 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 23 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 24 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 25 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 26 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
945 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 11 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 12 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 13 Cur dir descr (Direction of the current. Thi...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 ww (Weather description) | 16 Precip descr | 17 State sea descr | 18 Clearness | 19 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 20 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 21 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 22 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 23 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 24 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 25 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1781-10-19T05:00 | -5.90 | 102.47 | 362 | SWBS | 29.00 | -1 | SSE, SSW, SW, NW, WNW, NNW, VARIABLE | FREQUENT SQUALLS | HEAVY RAIN | SW SWELL MUCH DOWN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102022 | ||||||
| 1781-10-20T05:00 | -6.25 | 102.19 | 134 | 9.3 | SW1/2S | 27.00 | -1 | VARIABLE, NE, NNE, SE, E, SE | FIRST SQUALLY, MID AND LATTER FINE BREEZE (LOOKS LIKE TRADE) | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102023 | |||||||
| 1781-10-21T05:00 | -7.23 | 101.39 | 123 | 6.7 | SW1/2S | 75.00 | -1 | SE, SEBE | PLEASANT BREEZE | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102024 | |||||||
| 1781-10-22T05:00 | -8.22 | 100.47 | 112 | 9.3 | SW1/4S | 80.00 | -1 | SEBE, ESE | PLEASANT TRADE | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102025 | |||||||
| 1781-10-23T05:00 | -9.07 | 99.06 | 134 | 9.3 | SW1/3W | 101.00 | -1 | E, VARIABLE, ESE, SEBE, SE | MODERATE TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102026 | |||||||
| 1781-10-24T06:00 | -10.20 | 97.32 | 112 | 9.3 | SWBW | 123.00 | -1 | SE, SEBE, ESE | PLEASANT TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102027 | |||||||
| 1781-10-25T06:00 | -11.13 | 95.14 | 89 | 12.3 | W23S | 140.00 | -1 | ESE, SEBE, EBS, E | STEADY TRADE | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102028 | |||||||
| 1781-10-26T06:00 | -12.05 | 93.14 | 89 | 9.3 | WSW1/2S | 130.00 | -1 | SEBE, E | PLEASANT TRADE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102029 | ||||||||
| 1781-10-27T06:00 | -12.63 | 91.72 | 133 | WSW | 91.00 | -2 | EBN, ESE, SSW, SBW, VARIABLE, SE | SWELL FROM S | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102030 | ||||||||
| 1781-10-28T06:00 | -13.13 | 90.42 | 133 | 6.7 | WSW | 82.00 | -2 | ESE, SE, VARIABLE, SE | FIRST AND LATTER MODERATE BREEZES, MID VARIABLE AND SQUALLY | RAIN | FAIR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102031 | ||||||
| 1781-10-29T06:00 | -13.70 | 89.04 | 77 | WSW | 88.00 | -2 | SE, ESE, EBN | SWELL FROM SSW | PLEASANT CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102032 | ||||||||
| 1781-10-30T06:00 | -14.92 | 86.71 | 99 | 12.3 | WSW1/2S | 156.00 | -2 | ESE, EBS | PLEASANT FRESH TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102033 | |||||||
| 1781-10-31T06:00 | -16.08 | 84.14 | 99 | 12.3 | WSW1/4S | 162.00 | -2 | EBS | PLEASANT FRESH TRADE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102034 | |||||||
| 1781-11-01T07:00 | -17.15 | 81.79 | 143 | WSW1/4S | 145.00 | -3 | ESE, SEBS | FINE AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102035 | |||||||||
| 1781-11-02T07:00 | -17.80 | 79.24 | 141 | 12.3 | W15S | 152.00 | -5 | SEBS | FINE FRESH TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102036 | |||||||
| 1781-11-03T07:00 | -18.63 | 76.42 | 95 | 10.0 | WBS1/2S | 166.00 | -6 | ESE, EBS | FIRST BRISK TRADE, LATTER SOME FLYING SQUALLS | SMALL RAIN | CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102037 | ||||||
| 1781-11-04T07:00 | -19.50 | 73.77 | 73 | 12.3 | W19S | 159.00 | -6 | E, EBN | FRESH TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102038 | |||||||
| 1781-11-05T07:00 | -20.42 | 71.07 | 93 | 9.3 | W20S | 160.00 | -8 | EBS | PLEASANT TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102039 | |||||||
| 1781-11-06T07:00 | -21.42 | 68.82 | 71 | WSW1/4S | 133.00 | -8 | E, VARIABLE, EBN | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102040 | |||||||||
| 1781-11-07T08:00 | -22.22 | 66.74 | 91 | 6.7 | WSW | 120.00 | -10 | E, VARIABLE, EBS | PLEASANT LIGHT TRADE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102041 | ||||||
| 1781-11-08T08:00 | -23.05 | 64.84 | 88 | WSW1/4S | 117.00 | -13 | E, EBS | VERY FINE | SWELL FROM ESE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102042 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-09T08:00 | -23.97 | 63.34 | 55 | 6.7 | SWBW | 99.00 | -13 | ESE, EBN, ENE | PLEASANT LIGHT TRADE | SWELL FROM ESE | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102043 | ||||||
| 1781-11-10T08:00 | -24.62 | 61.61 | 362 | WSW | 101.00 | -16 | E, EBN, SSE, VARIABLE | THICK RAINY | SWELL MUCH DOWN | FAIR AND CLOUDY | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102044 | |||||||
| 1781-11-11T08:00 | -25.07 | 60.09 | 362 | 2.6 | WSW | 71.00 | -16 | VARIABLE | FIRST SQUALLY, REMAINDER LIGHT BREEZES | DIRTY | LARGE SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102045 | |||||
| 1781-11-12T08:00 | -25.47 | 58.71 | 97 | WSW | 63.00 | -16 | SW, SE, ESE | SW SWELL | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102046 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-13T08:00 | -26.10 | 56.11 | 94 | 9.3 | W17S | 130.00 | -19 | ESE | EXCEEDINGLY FINE WINDS | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102047 | |||||||
| 1781-11-14T08:00 | -27.33 | 53.61 | 37 | 19.0 | W31S | 143.00 | -19 | EBS, E, EBN, ENE, NEBE | FIRST AND MID FINE GALE, LATTER FRESH GALE AND SQUALLY | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102048 | |||||||
| 1781-11-15T09:00 | -28.40 | 51.55 | 362 | SW3/4W | 108.00 | -24 | NE, NNE, NBE, N, W, VARIABLE | UNSETTLED, SOME SMART SQUALLS | VARIABLE | W SWELL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102049 | |||||||
| 1781-11-16T09:00 | -28.70 | 49.50 | 100 | WBS | 92.00 | -24 | SWBW, SW, SWBS, SSW, SBW, SSE, SEBS, SEBE | LARGE SWELL FROM SW | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102050 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-17T09:00 | -29.95 | 46.59 | 76 | 9.3 | W29S | 155.00 | -25 | ESE, EBN, EBS | FINE GALE | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102051 | |||||||
| 1781-11-18T09:00 | -30.80 | 44.17 | 65 | W25S | 120.00 | -25 | EBS, E | FOLLOWING SEA | FINE AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102052 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-19T09:00 | -31.60 | 42.17 | 64 | 6.7 | W29S | 99.00 | -26 | EBS, E | PLEASANT LIGHT GALE | FOLLOWING SEA | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102053 | ||||||
| 1781-11-20T09:00 | -32.23 | 39.80 | 30 | 6.7 | W20S | 111.00 | -26 | EBN, NEBE | PLEASANT LIGHT GALE | FOLLOWING SEA | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102054 | ||||||
| 1781-11-21T09:00 | -32.10 | 38.39 | 210 | 19.0 | W3/4N | 55.00 | -26 | NEBE, NEBN, SWBW | FRESH GALES FREQUENT HARD SQUALLS | LARGE SEA FROM W | HAZY AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102055 | ||||||
| 1781-11-22T10:00 | -32.20 | 37.19 | 154 | W3/4N | 46.00 | -26 | SW, VARIABLE, SSW, SBW, S, S | BOLD | SWELL ALMOST DOWN | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102056 | |||||||
| 1781-11-23T10:00 | -33.00 | 35.45 | 41 | 16.3 | SWBW | 85.00 | -27 | SSE, SEBE, ESE, EBS, VARIABLE, E, ENE | INCREASING GALE | SMOOTH WATER | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102057 | ||||||
| 1781-11-24T10:00 | -34.15 | 32.66 | 333 | 9.3 | W29S | 143.00 | -27 | ENE, NEBE, NE, N | FINE GALE | FOLLOWING SWELL | CLOUDY AND HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102058 | ||||||
| 1781-11-25T10:00 | -34.45 | 30.98 | 165 | 6.7 | W15S | 70.00 | -26 | VARIABLE, WBS, SW, SSW, SBW | FIRST SQUALLY UNSETTLED, REMAINDER MODERATE | SWELL FROM SW | FAIR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102059 | ||||||
| 1781-11-26T10:00 | -35.18 | 28.62 | 53 | W25S | 105.00 | -26 | SE, SEBE, ESE, EBS, E, EBN | SW SWELL DOWN | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102060 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-27T10:00 | -35.62 | 26.77 | 200 | W18S | 85.00 | -25 | EBN, E, EBS, ESE, VARIABLE, SW | SETTING SW | RIPPLINGS FROM NE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102061 | |||||||
| 1781-11-28T10:00 | -36.35 | 24.95 | 65 | W31S | 86.00 | -25 | SW, SWBS, SSW, SBW, SE, ENE, E | SMOOTH WATER | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102062 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-29T10:00 | -37.10 | 23.13 | 362 | W32S | 85.00 | -25 | EBN, SE, SBW, VARIABLE | SWELL FROM SW | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102063 | ||||||||
| 1781-11-30T11:00 | -37.95 | 20.62 | 91 | 9.3 | W26S | 116.00 | -22 | VARIABLE, SBE, SEBE, EBS, ESE | PLEASANT GALE | FIRS AND MID LARGE SWELL FROM SW, LATTER FOLLOWING SEA | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102064 | ||||||
| 1781-12-01T11:00 | -37.05 | 17.50 | 348 | 9.3 | W22N | 144.00 | -23 | E, ENE, VARIABLE, NBE | FINE GALE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102065 | |||||||
| 1781-12-02T11:00 | -36.28 | 16.52 | 216 | 2.6 | CAPE OF GOOD HOPE | N15E | 55 | W37N | 76.00 | -20 | WSW, WBS, SW, VARIABLE, SWBS, SWBW | LIGHT WINDS | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102066 | ||||
| 1781-12-03T11:00 | -35.57 | 15.56 | 194 | NW1/4W | 64.00 | -20 | VARIABLE, WSW, SEBS, SWBS | SMOOTH WATER | EXCEEDING FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102067 | ||||||||
| 1781-12-04T11:00 | -34.78 | 13.69 | 149 | W28N | 101.00 | -20 | SWBS, SEBS, SBE | FAIR AND PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102068 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-05T11:00 | -33.07 | 11.84 | 151 | N40W | 134.00 | -18 | S, SBE, SSE, SBE | EXCEEDING FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102069 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-06T11:00 | -31.67 | 10.30 | 139 | N41W | 108.00 | -19 | SSE | VERY FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102070 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-07T11:00 | -30.38 | 8.94 | 139 | N40W | 100.00 | -19 | SBE, SSE | EXCEEDING FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102071 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-08T11:00 | -28.92 | 7.60 | 139 | N36W | 109.00 | -19 | SBE, SSE | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102072 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-09T12:00 | -27.60 | 6.28 | 130 | N31W | 101.00 | -16 | SBE, SSE, SEBS | VERY FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102073 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-10T12:00 | -26.32 | 5.06 | 129 | N38W | 98.00 | -17 | SEBE, SE, SEBS | FINE PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102074 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-11T12:00 | -24.80 | 3.68 | 118 | 9.3 | N37W | 114.00 | -17 | SEBS, SSE, SE | PLEASANT TRADE | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102075 | |||||||
| 1781-12-12T12:00 | -23.07 | 1.58 | 120 | 9.3 | N35W | 126.00 | -15 | SEBS, SSE, SE | FINE PLEASANT TRADE | SMOOTH WATER | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102076 | |||||||
| 1781-12-13T12:00 | -21.38 | 0.72 | 130 | 9.3 | N38W | 128.00 | -16 | SE, SSE, SEBS | EXCEEDING PLEASANT TRADE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102077 | ||||||||
| 1781-12-14T12:00 | -19.90 | -0.53 | 142 | 9.3 | N36W | 110.00 | -16 | SEBS, SSE | PLEASANT TRADE | FINE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102078 | |||||||
| 1781-12-15T12:00 | -18.37 | -1.82 | 130 | N36W | 114.00 | -16 | SEBS | PLEASANT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102079 | |||||||||
| 1781-12-16T12:00 | -16.43 | -3.24 | 362 | N33W | 138.00 | -14 | SEBS, SE, VARIABLE | UNSETTLED | PLEASANT AND CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102080 | ||||||||
| 1781-12-17T12:00 | -15.80 | -4.00 | 110 | 12.3 | ST HELENA | W | 37.00 | -14 | EBS, ESE, SEBE | FRESH TRADE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 102081 |