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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during GIER cruise from Paramaribo to Hellevoetsluis started at 1844-05-07 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749420, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 34.493421 * Median Longitude: -42.511579 * South-bound Latitude: 7.820000 * West-bound Longitude: -60.210000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.810000 * East-bound Longitude: 4.080000
Date/Time Start: 1844-05-07T16:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1844-06-14T12:00:00
Event(s):
Gier_18440507_MAR_D23905_1721 * Latitude Start: 5.950000 * Longitude Start: -55.190000 * Latitude End: 51.940000 * Longitude End: 3.720000 * Date/Time Start: 1844-05-07T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1844-06-14T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Gier (Brik), Voyage: Paramaribo - Hellevoetsluis, 1st Observer: J. Galus (Ltz), Company: MAR
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
12 BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
13 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
14 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
15 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
16 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
17 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
18 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
19 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
20 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
21 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
22 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
23 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
24 Present weatherwwWeather description
25 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
26 Cloud typeCloud type
27 ClearnessClearness
28 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
29 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
30 FogFog1 If fog was reported
31 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
32 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
33 HailHail1 If hail was reported
34 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
35 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
958 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
Landmark
(Name of second landmark)
12 
Bearing
(Bearing of the second landmark)
13 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the second landmark)
14 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
15 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
16 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
17 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
18 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
19 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
20 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
21 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
22 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
23 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
24 
ww
(Weather description)
25 
Precip descr
26 
Cloud type
27 
Clearness
28 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
29 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
30 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
31 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
32 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
33 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
34 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
35 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1844-05-07T16:007.82-55.51914.61013.328.3BARBADOS, Z-HOEK (GIS)NW 2/3 W103VM8N 1/8 W26.75183.0029.92OZO-OBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101233
1844-05-08T16:009.28-55.91696.71012.626.7BARBADOS, Z-HOEK (GIS)NW 1/2 W83VM8N 2/3 W21.50180.0029.90NO-ONOSTIJVE EN ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN AANNEMENDE TOT MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGENBETROKKEN LUCHTDIKKE LUCHT1100000101234
1844-05-09T16:0012.35-56.57694.61016.028.9BARBADOS, Z-HOEK (GIS)WNW45VM8NTW47.50184.0030.00OTN-ONOBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101235
1844-05-10T16:0014.53-57.13674.91021.128.9FLORES (GIS)NOTN 7/8 N519BARBADOS, N-HOEK (GIS)WZW 1/2 W40VM8NTW 3/8 W33.50-184.0030.15ONOBRAMZEILSKOELTE TOT FRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000101236
1844-05-11T16:0016.63-57.66802.0FLORES (GIS)NO488VM8NTW W/Z W32.501ONO-OTNAFNEMENDE KOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000101237
1844-05-12T16:0018.93-57.96892.61018.426.7FLORES (GIS)NO 1/3 O466VM8N 5GR W34.50-180.0030.07NOTN-OONGESTADIGE KOELTEBUIIGMET REGEN1100000101238
1844-05-13T16:0021.23-58.28784.61032.926.7FLORES (GIS)NO 2/3 O444VM8N 7/8 W35.75-180.0030.50ONO-OTNBRAMZEILSKOELTEOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101239
1844-05-14T16:0023.33-58.72872.61022.826.7FLORES (GIS)NO 7/8 O427VM8N 1/2 W W/Z N30.50-380.0030.20ONO-OFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTESCHOON WEER0000000101240
1844-05-15T16:0024.37-59.28201.0FLORES (GIS)NOTO 1/8 O423VM8N 18GR W17.25-3ONO-NNOFLAUW EN STIL0000000101241
1844-05-16T16:0025.86-60.03876.71024.525.0FLOREDS (GIS)NOTO 1/3 O417VM8NNW 1/8 W23.25-377.0030.25OTN-OSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEOVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101242
1844-05-17T16:0027.80-60.21734.61029.924.4FLORES (GIS)NOTO 2/3 O418VM8N 1/3 W30.00-676.0030.41O-OTNBRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000101243
1844-05-18T16:0029.75-59.931071.01030.223.3FLORES (GIS)ONO383VM8NTO 1/4 O29.75-674.0030.42O-OZOFLAUWE KOELTESCHOON WEER0000000101244
1844-05-19T16:0030.42-59.772871.01026.823.3FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/8 O377BARBADOS (GIS)WNW70VM8N 3/4 O11.25-674.0030.32W-WNWFLAUWE KOELTEMOOI WEER0000000101245
1844-05-20T16:0030.92-59.382872.91026.822.8FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/4 O369BERMUDAS (GIS)WNW W/Z W70VM8NO10.50-673.0030.32WNWAANWAKKERENDE KOELTE0000000101246
1844-05-21T16:0030.47-58.02954.61029.224.4FLORES (GIS)ONO356BERMUDAS (GIS)WNW93VM8OZO 1/8 O19.25-676.0030.39O-OTZBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000101247
1844-05-22T16:0031.64-57.691291.01029.523.9FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/8 O344BERMUDAS (GIS)W 1/2 N98VM8NTO17.75-675.0030.40ZOTO-ZOFLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEER0000000101248
1844-05-23T16:0032.53-57.511261.01031.225.6FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/3 O336VM8N 1/8 O13.25-978.0030.45ZOFLAUW EN STILMOOI WEER0000000101249
1844-05-24T16:0033.13-56.633024.61025.523.3FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/2 O322VM8NO 3/8 O14.00-1374.0030.28NWBRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBUITJEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT1100000101250
1844-05-25T16:0033.32-55.35104.61023.421.1FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/2 O307VM8OTN15.50-1370.0030.22N-NNOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101251
1844-05-26T16:0034.27-54.052804.61022.822.2FLORES (GIS)ONO 1/2 O285VM8NO 1/3 O22.00-1372.0030.20WNWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101252
1844-05-27T15:0036.23-51.622776.11018.722.8FLORES (GIS)OTN247VM8NO 1/4 O44.25-1673.0030.08W-WNWAFNEMENDE MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGENOPKLARENDE LUCHT1100000101253
1844-05-28T15:0037.76-48.902504.61016.722.8FLORES (GIS)O 2/3 N211VM8NO 7/8 O41.50-2073.0030.02WTN-WBRAMZEILSKOELTEHEIIGE LUCHT0000000101254
1844-05-29T15:0039.32-46.272144.61015.021.7FLORES (GIS)O 1/8 N177VM8NO 2/3 O39.00-2271.0029.97WZW-ZWTWBRAMZEILSKOELTEBETROKKEN LUCHTHEIIGE LUCHT0000000101255
1844-05-30T15:0040.98-43.622144.61009.921.7ENGELANDS END (GIS)ONO 1/4 O420VM8-2271.0029.82ZWTWBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTBETROKKEN LUCHT1000000101256
1844-05-31T15:0043.36-40.052204.01012.621.7LANDS END (GIS)ONO 1/2 O367VM8NO 3/8 O53.75-2871.0029.90ZW-WZWAFNEMENDE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBETROKKEN EN OPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101257
1844-06-01T14:0044.28-36.983104.61009.917.8ENGELANDS END (GIS)330VM8NOTO 7/8 O37.00-2864.0029.82NWTW-NNWONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHT1000000101258
1844-06-02T14:0044.97-34.793434.6999.717.2ENGELANDS END (GIS)ONO 2/3 O304VM8O 22GR N26.00-2863.0029.52WNW-NTOONGESTADIGE BZLICHTE REGENBUIEN1100000101259
1844-06-03T14:0045.44-32.83174.6993.016.7LAND END (GIS)ONO 3/4 O282VM8ONO 3/8 O23.00-2862.0029.32NTO-NOBRAMZEILSKOELTESCHOON WEER0000000101260
1844-06-04T14:0046.33-28.872652.0999.718.3ENGELANDS END (GIS)ONO 3/4 O238VM8ONO 1/2 O45.00-2865.0029.52WNWAFNEMENDE KOELTEOPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101261
1844-06-05T14:0047.37-25.232764.91007.217.8ENGELANDS END (GIS)OTN198VM8-2864.0029.74NWTWFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGEN1100000101262
1844-06-06T13:0048.30-21.4921815.4995.719.7ENGELANDS END (GIS)O 7/8 N155VM8ONO 1/4 O43.00-3067.5029.40ZOTZ-WZWGEREEFDE EN DUBBEL GEREEFDE KOELTEZEER BUIIGMET EEN WEINIG REGEN1100000101263
1844-06-07T13:0048.44-17.491964.91007.517.8ENGELANDS END (GIS)OTN118VM8O 1/4 N40.50-2964.0029.75WZW-ZWFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN MARSZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101264
1844-06-08T13:0048.95-12.711514.91010.918.3ENGELANDS END (GIS)OTN 1/4 N103KAAP LEZARD (GIS)OTN71VM8O 9GR N48.75-2965.0029.85ZTW-ZFRISSE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHEIIGE LUCHT0000000101265
1844-06-09T13:0049.12-8.821764.61017.018.1KAAP LEZARD (GIS)ONO 1/8 O55VM8O 3/8 N38.30-2764.5030.03ZZWBRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000101266
1844-06-10T12:0049.51-6.023011.01020.716.7KAAP LEZARD (GIS)NO 1/8 O111VM8ONO 7/8 O28.50-2562.0030.14W-NWTNFLAUWE KOELTESCHOON WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000101267
1844-06-11T12:0049.79-4.731101.01024.117.2ST CATHARINAS PUNT, WIGHT (GIS)OTN 3/4 N341VM8O14.50-2563.0030.24NW-ZOFLAUW EN STILHEIIGE LUCHT0000000101268
1844-06-12T12:0050.21-3.511781.01023.418.9ST CATHARINAS PUNT (GIS)ONO 1/2 O221VM8ONO 1/2 O5.75-2566.0030.22ZW-ZZWFLAUW EN STILSCHOON WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000101269
1844-06-14T12:0051.814.081-200000000101270