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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during GIER cruise from Nederland to Suriname started at 1841-08-20 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749419, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 31.538750 * Median Longitude: -23.012083 * South-bound Latitude: 5.830000 * West-bound Longitude: -55.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.500000 * East-bound Longitude: 2.600000
Date/Time Start: 1841-08-20T12:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1841-10-06T16:00:00
Event(s):
Gier_18410820_MAR_D23905_1721 * Latitude Start: 53.000000 * Longitude Start: 4.490000 * Latitude End: 6.180000 * Longitude End: -55.410000 * Date/Time Start: 1841-08-20T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1841-10-06T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Gier (Brik), Voyage: Nederland - Suriname, 1st Observer: J. Galus (Ltz), Company: MAR
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
11 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
12 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
13 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
14 CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
15 DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
16 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
18 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
19 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
20 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
21 Present weatherwwWeather description
22 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
23 Cloud typeCloud type
24 ClearnessClearness
25 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
26 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
27 FogFog1 If fog was reported
28 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
29 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
30 HailHail1 If hail was reported
31 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
32 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
1117 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance to the first landmark)
11 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
12 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
13 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
14 
Course
(Course of the ship during the...)
15 
Distance [arbitrary units]
(Distance travelled during the...)
16 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
18 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
19 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
20 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
21 
ww
(Weather description)
22 
Precip descr
23 
Cloud type
24 
Clearness
25 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
26 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
27 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
28 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
29 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
30 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
31 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
32 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1841-08-20T12:0051.502.601481.01VM8ZWTW 3/4 W12.00-21ZZO-ZTOFLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERHEIIGE LUCHT0000000101185
1841-08-21T12:0050.450.342256.7BEVESIER, VUURTOREN (9H)N21VM8ZW 3/4 Z22.25-23ZWTW-WZWMARSZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHT1000000101186
1841-08-22T12:0050.48-0.301576.71VM8W 3/4 Z8.00-23ZZW-ZSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101187
1841-08-23T12:0050.31-1.722471.01013.616.11VM8ZW 1/2 W10.00-2361.0029.93WNW-WFLAUWE KOELTEWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101188
1841-08-24T12:0050.07-2.422816.71013.616.11VM8WZW 1/8 W10.50-2361.0029.93NW-NWTWSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEHELDERE LUCHT0000000101189
1841-08-25T12:0050.42-3.112236.71013.616.71VM8W 3/4 N9.75-2562.0029.93WTZ-WZWMARSZEILSKOELTEGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHTDIKKE LUCHT0000000101190
1841-08-26T12:0050.27-3.352230.01027.518.31VM8WZW 3/4 W5.75-2565.0030.34W-WZWSTIL EN BRAMZEILSKOELTEMISTIG, GOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0010000101191
1841-08-27T12:0049.82-4.252681.01027.518.31VM8ZWTW 7/8 W10.75-2565.0030.34NW-WNWFLAUWE KOELTE EN STILMISTIGE LUCHT0010000101192
1841-08-28T12:0049.88-5.242681.01027.517.81VM8W 1/4 Z7.75-2564.0030.34NW-WNWFLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101193
1841-08-29T12:0049.49-5.73200.01022.418.31VM8ZW 3/4 W4.75-2565.0030.19NOSTIL EN FLAUWGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101194
1841-08-30T12:0049.42-6.881554.61014.319.41VM8WZW 1/2 W11.00-2567.0029.95ZZO-ZBRAMZEILSKOELTEMISTIGE LUCHT, GOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0010000101195
1841-08-31T13:0048.27-8.832886.71017.017.2DUIVELS KLIPPEN (GIS)ZWTW53VM8ZW 1/2 Z23.00-2763.0030.03NWSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101196
1841-09-01T13:0047.91-10.302434.61015.617.8VM8WZW 1/8 W12.75-2764.0029.99ZW-WBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101197
1841-09-02T13:0048.10-11.832214.61015.617.8DUIVELS KLIPPEN (GIS)30VM8WTN10.75-2764.0029.99WZWBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN FLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEEROVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101198
1841-09-03T13:0046.56-14.322899.31016.317.8VM8ZW 1/2 W34.00-2664.0030.01NNW-NWSTIJVE MARSZEILSKOELTEOPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101199
1841-09-04T13:0044.16-15.252444.61026.517.8VM8ZTW 1/8 W38.00-2664.0030.31WNW-WBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000101200
1841-09-05T13:0042.35-15.282354.61027.518.3VM8Z 1/2 W23.50-2465.0030.34WZW-WTZBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101201
1841-09-06T13:0040.21-16.102574.61025.120.0VM8ZTW 1/2 W31.00-2468.0030.27W-WTNBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEEROPKLARENDE LUCHT0000000101202
1841-09-07T13:0038.65-16.762240.01019.421.1PUNT DEL PARGO, MADERA (GIS)Z 1/2 W86VM8ZTW 7/8 W20.50-2470.0030.10W-WZWSTIL EN FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101203
1841-09-08T13:0037.82-16.631792.61019.421.1PUNT DEL PARGO, MADERA (GIS)ZZW W/Z Z74VM8Z 5/8 O11.00-2470.0030.10ZZWFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101204
1841-09-09T13:0037.18-16.851924.6PUNT DEL PARGO, MADERA (GIS)Z 3/4 W67VM8ZZW 1/4 W10.50-22ZZW-ZWTZBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101205
1841-09-10T13:0037.33-18.521694.61015.622.2VM8W 3/8 Z17.75-2272.0029.99Z-ZTWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101206
1841-09-11T13:0036.68-18.082484.61018.022.2PUNT DEL PARGO, MADERA (GIS)ZTO58VM8ZTO 1/8 O11.50-2272.0030.06ZZW-WBRAMZEILSKOELTEBUIIGE LUCHTMET REGENOPKLARENDE LUCHT1100000101207
1841-09-12T13:0034.59-17.982264.61015.322.2PUNT DEL PARGO, MADERA (GIS)ZTO26VM8Z29.75-2272.0029.98WZWBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101208
1841-09-13T13:0032.54-17.132484.61016.323.3VM8ZTO30.00-2274.0030.01WZW-WBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101209
1841-09-14T13:0031.41-18.533171.01017.722.2VM8ZW22.00-2172.0030.05NNWFLAUWE KOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101210
1841-09-15T13:0030.41-19.78242.61018.022.2VM8ZW18.75-2172.0030.06NOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101211
1841-09-16T13:0029.05-21.75136.71023.823.3VM8ZW33.50-2174.0030.23NO-NOTNSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101212
1841-09-17T14:0027.19-23.82264.61021.423.9VM8ZW27.75-1975.0030.16NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101213
1841-09-18T14:0025.63-25.78264.61019.424.4VM8ZW34.00-1976.0030.10NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101214
1841-09-19T14:0024.05-27.58164.61018.429.4VM8ZW32.50-1885.0030.07NO-NOTNBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101215
1841-09-20T14:0022.32-29.72296.71020.025.0VM8ZW38.00-1677.0030.12NOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101216
1841-09-21T14:0020.32-32.18406.7BRAMSPUNT (GIS)ZWTW W/W397VM8ZW45.75-16NOTOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101217
1841-09-22T14:0018.45-34.33314.61020.025.0VM8ZW39.00-1477.0030.12NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101218
1841-09-23T14:0016.88-36.23334.61019.426.7BRAMSPUNT (GIS)ZWTW 1/3 W308VM8ZW31.75-1280.0030.10NOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEER0000000101219
1841-09-24T14:0015.97-37.473481.01019.427.8BRAMSPUNT (GIS)ZWTW 1/8 W305VM8ZW 2/3 W18.25-1282.0030.10NFLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000101220
1841-09-25T15:0014.79-38.75474.61019.429.4VM8ZW20.25-985.0030.10NOTOBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERHELDERE LUCHT0000000101221
1841-09-26T15:0014.01-40.381041.01018.029.4BRAMSPUNT (GIS)ZWTW 2/3 W250VM8ZW 1/2 W23.50-985.0030.06NOTO-OZOFLAUWE KOELTEEEN WEINIG REGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100000101222
1841-09-27T15:0012.93-42.15254.61016.328.3POST ORANJE (GIS)ZWTW 1/2 W211VM8ZW 1/2 W24.50-983.0030.01NO-NOTNBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101223
1841-09-28T15:0011.82-43.85522.61016.031.7POST ORANJE (GIS)ZWTW 1/2 W175VM8ZW 1/2 W23.00-489.0030.00NOTN-NOTOFLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101224
1841-09-29T15:0011.62-44.351991.01016.029.4VM8WZW 1/8 W5.75-485.0030.00ZW-ZZWFLAUWE KOELTE EN STILTEGOED WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0000000101225
1841-09-30T15:0011.28-44.701091.01018.428.9VM8ZW 3/4 W6.00-484.0030.07O-OZOFLAUWE KOELTEGOED WEER0000000101226
1841-10-01T15:0011.06-45.631541.01016.728.9VM8ZWTW 1/4 W12.00-484.0030.02Z-ZZOFLAUW EN STILGOED WEER0000000101227
1841-10-02T15:0010.23-46.44644.61016.729.4POST ORANJE (GIS)ZWTW 1/2 W134VM8ZW 1/2 W19.25-485.0030.02O-ONOBRAMZEILSKOELTEEEN WEINIG REGENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT0100000101228
1841-10-03T15:008.76-48.58674.61015.028.3POST ORANJE (GIS)WZW W/Z100VM8ZW 1/2 W35.00-183.0029.97O-ONOBRAMZEILSKOELTE EN STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEREGENBEWOLKTE LUCHT0100000101229
1841-10-04T15:008.04-50.591454.61012.630.6POST ORANJE (GIS)ZWTW 1/2 W65VM8ZWTW 1/2 W38.00-187.0029.90ZZO-ZOTZBRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101230
1841-10-05T16:007.35-52.921376.7POST ORANJE (GIS)ZW 1/2 W31VM8ZWTW30.502ZZO-ZOSTIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTEGOED WEERBEWOLKTE LUCHT0000000101231
1841-10-06T16:005.83-55.15120000000101232