Citation:

PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:

García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6

Project(s):

Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC)

Funding:

Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090 : Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 11.922632 * Median Longitude: 94.700000 * South-bound Latitude: 2.930000 * West-bound Longitude: 88.670000 * North-bound Latitude: 20.130000 * East-bound Longitude: 100.800000

Date/Time Start: 1828-08-25T06:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1828-09-12T05:00:00

Event(s):

George_IV_18280825_LOG/C/2 * Latitude Start: 47.720000 * Longitude Start: -5.280000 * Latitude End: 9.170000 * Longitude End: 92.590000 * Date/Time Start: 1828-08-25T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1828-09-12T00:00:00 * Campaign: * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: George Iv, Voyage: Downs - Malacca, 1st Observer: William Barrow (Captain), 2nd Observer: Jones Collins (Midshipman), Company: EIC

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Geocode
2	LATITUDE	Latitude		Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Geocode
4	Wind direction	dd	deg	Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5	Wind speed	ff	m/s	calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6	Pressure, atmospheric	PPPP	hPa	No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7	Temperature, air	TTT	°C
8	Course	Course		Course of the ship during the past 24 hours
9	Distance	Distance	arbitrary units	Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours
10	Declination	Decl	deg	It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
11	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the (outside) air thermometer
12	Sensor reading	Reading	arbitrary units	Reading of the air pressure
13	Wind direction description	Wind dir descr		All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
14	Wind force description	Wind force descr		All reported wind forces on this day
15	Present weather	ww		Weather description
16	Precipitation description	Precip descr
17	State of the sea description	State sea descr
18	Clearness	Clearness
19	Gusts	Gusts		1 If wind gusts are reported
20	Precipitation/Rain	Rain		1 If rain was reported
21	Fog	Fog		1 If fog was reported
22	Snow type	Snow		1 If snow was reported
23	Thunder	Thunder		1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
24	Hail	Hail		1 If hail was reported
25	Sea ice	Sea ice		1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
26	Identification	ID		CLIWOC 2.1 line number

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

380 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Date/Time	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...)	5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...)	6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...)	7 TTT [°C]	8 Course (Course of the ship during the...)	9 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...)	10 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...)	11 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...)	12 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure)	13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...)	14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...)	15 ww (Weather description)	16 Precip descr	17 State sea descr	18 Clearness	20 Rain (1 If rain was reported)	26 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1828-08-25T06:00	20.13	89.67	183	9.3			S56E	107.00	3			SSW, S	MODERATE MONSOON	FINE				0	100336
1828-08-26T06:00	20.08	88.67	206	6.7	1001.1	29.4	S80W	42.00	3	85.00	29.56	VARIABLE, S, SSW	BREEZES			STRONG RIPPLINGS	FAIR	0	100337
1828-08-27T06:00	18.28	90.90	251		1000.4	27.8	S40:30E	141.00	3	82.00	29.54	SWBS, SW, WSW	MODERATE MONSOON IN FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS, LATTER SQUALLY		LATTER HARD RAIN			1	100338
1828-08-28T06:00	17.67	91.63	183	9.3	1000.4	28.1	S50E	107.00	3	82.50	29.54	WSW, SWBS, VARIABLE, S	MODERATE MONSOON		MIDDLE LIGHT RAIN		CLOUDY	1	100339
1828-08-29T06:00	17.13	92.90	149		1003.1	27.2	S47E	97.00	3	81.00	29.62	S, SE, SEBS	VARIABLE BREEZES AND SQUALLY		HEAVY RAIN IN THE NIGHT			1	100340
1828-08-30T06:00	16.15	92.00	116	6.7	1001.1	28.6	S32W	106.00	3	83.50	29.56	SEBS, VARIABLE, ESE	MODERATE BREEZES	MOSTLY FINE			FIRST PART CLOUDY, LATTER CLEAR	0	100341
1828-08-31T06:00	14.67	91.17	362		999.1	28.3	S30W	118.00	3	83.00	29.50	SE, VARIABLE	MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER PASSING SQUALLS		MIDDLE AND LATTER RAIN			1	100342
1828-09-01T06:00	13.75	92.00	228		1000.1	28.1	S45E	98.00	3	82.50	29.53	ESE, SSW, SW	FIRST PART VARIABLE, MIDDLE SQUALLY		LATTER RAIN			1	100343
1828-09-02T06:00	13.53	93.20	183	6.7	1003.1	27.8	S79E	65.00	3	82.00	29.62	SW, S	FIRST PART SQUALLY MONSOON, MIDDLE STEADY MONSOON, LATTER MODERATE BREEZES		RAIN		CLOUDY	1	100344
1828-09-03T06:00	12.80	94.35	362	0.1	1003.8	28.1	S45E	107.00	3	82.50	29.64	S, WSW, SW, VARIABLE	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS VARIABLE, SQUALLY, LATTER NEARLY CALM		RAIN AT TIMES		CLOUDY	1	100345
1828-09-04T06:00	11.22	95.40	228	6.7	1002.4	27.8	S33E	118.00	3	82.00	29.60	SW	MODERATE BREEZES	FINE				0	100346
1828-09-05T06:00	9.08	96.70	228	12.3	1003.1	26.9	S31E	249.00	3	80.50	29.62	SW	STRONG BREEZES WITH HARD SQUALLS		MIDDLE HEAVY RAIN			1	100347
1828-09-06T06:00	8.25	97.10	183	6.7	1003.1	28.3	S35:30E	67.00	3	83.00	29.62	SWBS, VARIABLE, S	MODERATE BREEZES	MOSTLY FINE	FIRST PART RAIN			1	100348
1828-09-07T06:00	7.67	97.20	296	2.6	1004.5	28.9	S21W	55.00	3	84.00	29.66	S, WNW	FIRST PART MODERATE BREEZES, MIDDLE AND LATTER LIGHT BAFFLING AIRS	SULTRY				0	100349
1828-09-08T06:00	7.57	97.38	183	1.0	1004.5	29.4	S26E	14.00	3	85.00	29.66	NE, NBW, S	LIGHT AIRS AND CALMS		MIDDLE RAIN	STRONG RIPPLINGS		1	100350
1828-09-09T05:00	6.70	98.48	272	6.7	1006.5	27.5	S51E	84.00	2	81.50	29.72	VARIABLE, SW, NW, SSE, W	MODERATE AND SQUALLY	GENERALLY FINE	LATTER RAIN			1	100351
1828-09-10T05:00	5.10	99.55	182	6.1	1000.1	28.3	S32E	93.00	2	83.00	29.53	W, NW, VARIABLE, SW, S	FIRST AND MIDDLE PARTS MODERATE BREEZES, DECREASING	LATTER FINE				0	100352
1828-09-11T05:00	3.82	100.20	362	0.1	1002.4	27.8	S32E	96.00	2	82.00	29.60	SW, NW, N, NE, VARIABLE	VARIABLE WINDS, MIDDLE SQUALLY, LATTER NEARLY CALM		LATTER RAIN			1	100353
1828-09-12T05:00	2.93	100.80	47	1.0	1003.1	27.2	S54E	64.00	2	81.00	29.62	SE, VARIABLE, NE	LIGHT VARIABLE AIRS	FINE				0	100354