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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during EUROPA cruise from Batavia to Brouwershaven started at 1853-09-01 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749253, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -1.021947 * Median Longitude: 12.155929 * South-bound Latitude: -35.380000 * West-bound Longitude: -33.720000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.530000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.000000
Date/Time Start: 1853-09-01T05:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-12-24T00:00:00
Event(s):
Europa_18530901_E_REIS_1_P1-9 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 51.790000 * Longitude End: 3.690000 * Date/Time Start: 1853-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1853-12-24T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa, Voyage: Batavia - Brouwershaven, 1st Observer: D. Keus (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
Temperature, airTTT°C
LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10 --1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
11 WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
12 GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
13 CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
14 DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
15 Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
16 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
17 Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
18 Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
19 Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
20 Present weatherwwWeather description
21 Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
22 State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
23 Cloud typeCloud type
24 GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
25 Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
26 FogFog1 If fog was reported
27 Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
28 ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
29 HailHail1 If hail was reported
30 Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
31 IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2361 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Date/Time

Latitude

Longitude

dd [deg]
(Wind direction (from which th...)

ff [m/s]
(calculated from the descripti...)

PPPP [hPa]
(No temperature correction was...)

TTT [°C]

Landmark
(Name of first landmark)

Bearing
(Bearing of the first landmark)
10 
-
(1 If position is considered t...)
11 
Watch
(Name of the period of 4 hours...)
12 
Glasses
(Number of glasses within a wa...)
13 
Comment
(Other remarks, that were not ...)
14 
Decl [deg]
(It is generally accepted by t...)
15 
Wind scale ref [#]
(Name of, or reference to the ...)
16 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the (outside) air ...)
17 
Reading [arbitrary units]
(Reading of the air pressure)
18 
Wind dir descr
(All reported wind directions ...)
19 
Wind force descr
(All reported wind forces on t...)
20 
ww
(Weather description)
21 
Precip descr
22 
State sea descr
23 
Cloud type
24 
Gusts
(1 If wind gusts are reported)
25 
Rain
(1 If rain was reported)
26 
Fog
(1 If fog was reported)
27 
Snow
(1 If snow was reported)
28 
Thunder
(1 If thunder and or lightning...)
29 
Hail
(1 If hail was reported)
30 
Sea ice
(1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...)
31 
ID
(CLIWOC 2.1 line number)
1853-09-01T05:00-6.97104.009112.31008.527.8VM81682.0029.78O6ZEER BUIIGE ONGESTADIGE WEDER100000092195
1853-09-02T05:00-8.20101.2513512.31008.527.8VM80682.0029.78ZO6ZEER BUIIGE ONGESTADIGE WEDER100000092196
1853-09-03T05:00-9.3798.901139.31007.226.7VM80580.0029.74OZO5BUIIGE WEER100000092197
1853-09-04T06:00-10.5896.3013412.31005.826.1VM8-1679.0029.70ZO6ZEER ONGESTADIG HARDE BUIEN100000092198
1853-09-05T06:00-11.9093.0313419.01009.225.6VM8-1878.0029.80ZO8ZEER HOGE ZEE UIT ZW000000092199
1853-09-06T06:00-13.2889.6715522.61010.925.6VM8-3978.0029.85ZZO9ZWARE BUIENZEER HOGE ZEE UIT ZW100000092200
1853-09-07T06:00-14.4086.5715522.61012.625.0VM8-3977.0029.90ZZO9ZWARE BUIENZEER HOGE ZEE UIT ZW100000092201
1853-09-08T06:00-15.5383.1715515.41012.623.9VM8-3775.0029.90ZZO7AFNEMEND VAN BUIEN100000092202
1853-09-09T07:00-16.7880.231319.31012.622.2VM8-4572.0029.90ZO5AFNEMEND VAN BUIEN100000092203
1853-09-10T07:00-17.4878.381316.71012.623.3VM8-4474.0029.90ZO4AFNEMEND VAN BUIEN100000092204
1853-09-11T07:00-18.5576.031289.31012.622.2VM8-7572.0029.90ZO5ONGESTADIGE EN BUIIGE LUCHT100000092205
1853-09-12T07:00-19.8773.2012812.31016.021.7VM8-7671.0030.00ZO6ONGESTADIGE EN BUIIGE LUCHT100000092206
1853-09-13T07:00-21.3270.321276.71016.021.7VM8-8471.0030.00ZO4ONGESTADIGE EN BUIIGE LUCHT100000092207
1853-09-14T07:00-22.6867.601249.31019.421.1VM8-11570.0030.10ZO5ONGESTADIGE EN BUIIGE LUCHT100000092208
1853-09-15T08:00-23.5565.331236.71019.421.1VM8-12470.0030.10ZO4ONGESTADIGE EN BUIIGE LUCHT100000092209
1853-09-16T08:00-24.3363.80784.61019.421.1VM8-12370.0030.10O3ZEER MOOI WEER000000092210
1853-09-17T08:00-24.9761.97556.71020.022.2VM8-13472.0030.12ONO4ZEER MOOI WEER000000092211
1853-09-18T08:00-25.9259.30329.31018.721.1VM8-13570.0030.08NO5ZEER MOOI WEER000000092212
1853-09-19T08:00-26.5857.4321012.31012.621.1VM8-15670.0029.90NW-ZW6BUIIG WEER100000092213
1853-09-20T08:00-26.4855.88304.61014.022.2VM8-15372.0029.94RONDLOPENDE WIND, ZW-NOONGESTADIGE WIND, 3000000092214
1853-09-21T08:00-27.4053.433239.31014.620.0VM8-15568.0029.96RONDLOPENDE WIND, NNWONGESTADIGE WIND, 5000000092215
1853-09-22T09:00-27.2551.1718612.31016.018.9VM8-17666.0030.00RONDLOPENDE WIND, ZZWONGESTADIGE WIND, 6000000092216
1853-09-23T09:00-27.7348.379212.31016.018.9VM8-21666.0030.00RONDLOPENDE WIND, OZOONGESTADIGE WIND, 6000000092217
1853-09-24T09:00-28.2345.199019.01011.618.9VM8-23866.0029.87RONDLOPENDE WIND, OZOONGESTADIGE WIND, 8000000092218
1853-09-25T09:00-27.8044.1322522.61012.618.9VM8-23966.0029.90WZW9BUIENZEER HOGE ZEE100000092219
1853-09-26T09:00-28.1243.631124.61011.218.9VM8-23366.0029.86ZO3AFNEMEND VAN BUIENWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT100000092220
1853-09-27T09:00-28.4542.36216.71010.918.9VM8-24466.0029.85NO4AFNEMEND VAN BUIEN, BUIIG WEERWOLKDRIJVENDE LUCHT100000092221
1853-09-28T09:00-29.1540.1136222.61014.317.8VM8-24964.0029.95RONDLOPEND9ZEER ONGESTADIG, BUIIG WEER000000092222
1853-09-29T09:00-29.9238.0920130.91002.417.8VM8-241164.0029.60NO-ZWAANNEMEND TOT STORM, 11ZEER HOGE ZEE000000092223
1853-09-30T10:00-29.7737.2622215.41010.916.7VM8-26762.0029.85WZWIETS AFNEMENDE STORMWIND, 7000000092224
1853-10-01T09:00-30.2538.0522419.01019.416.7VM8-24862.0030.10WZW8ZEER ONGESTADIGE VAN WIND EN WEER000000092225
1853-10-02T10:00-30.4236.651094.61020.715.6VM8-26360.0030.14ZW-ZO3ZEER ONGESTADIGE VAN WIND EN WEER000000092226
1853-10-03T10:00-31.5734.141922.61012.617.8VM8-26964.0029.90NOAANNEMEND TOT STORM, 9HOGE ZEE000000092227
1853-10-04T10:00-33.3532.0524115.41002.417.8VM8-29764.0029.60NO-WIETS AFNEMEND EN ONGESTADIG, 7000000092228
1853-10-05T10:00-32.5331.322194.61014.317.2VM8-29363.0029.95WZWIETS AFNEMEND EN ONGESTADIG, 3000000092229
1853-10-06T10:00-33.8228.611619.01004.117.8VM8-29864.0029.65NOAANNEMEND VAN WIND, 8HOGE ZEE000000092230
1853-10-07T10:00-33.6227.5021919.01005.816.7VM8-29862.0029.70WZWAANNEMEND VAN WIND, 8HOGE ZEE000000092231
1853-10-08T10:00-34.0226.732402.61021.116.7VM8-30262.0030.15WAFNEMENDE WIND, 2ZEER HOOG LOPENDE ZEE000000092232
1853-10-09T10:00-34.5723.976019.01002.417.8VM8-30864.0029.60ZW-OAANNEMEND TOT STORM, 8000000092233
1853-10-10T11:00-34.5022.3524015.41009.216.7VM8KRUISTE OVER EN WEER-30762.0029.80ZO-W7000000092234
1853-10-11T11:00-34.7322.0824012.31005.815.6VM8KRUISTE OVER EN WEER-30660.0029.70W6000000092235
1853-10-12T11:00-34.4022.2719515.41010.915.0VM8KRUISTE OVER EN WEER-30759.0029.85W-ZW7000000092236
1853-10-13T11:00-34.5822.1224012.31015.315.0VM8KRUISTE OVER EN WEER-30659.0029.98W6000000092237
1853-10-14T11:00-34.8322.002409.31019.415.0VM8-30559.0030.10W5AANHOUDEND HOGE ZEE000000092238
1853-10-15T11:00-35.3818.6210512.31019.413.9KAAP AGULHASVM8-30657.0030.10WZW-ZO6000000092239
1853-10-16T11:00-34.4515.9033112.31009.513.9VM8-29657.0029.81ZO-NAANNEMEND TOT VLIEGENDE STORM EN WEER AFNEMENDE, 6000000092240
1853-10-17T11:00-34.6714.4024112.31009.215.0VM8-29659.0029.80N-W6DONDERDIKKE VERSTOPTE LUCHT000010092241
1853-10-18T11:00-33.2313.5024112.31015.315.0VM8-29659.0029.98W6BUIIGE LUCHT100000092242
1853-10-19T11:00-31.6011.831074.61014.315.6VM8-28360.0029.95ZW-ZO3BUIIGE LUCHT100000092243
1853-10-20T11:00-29.6210.822879.31014.315.6VM8-28560.0029.95ZO-NWFLAUWE KOELTE, 5000000092244
1853-10-21T11:00-28.108.721974.61015.316.1VM8-28361.0029.98NW-ZWFLAUWE KOELTE, 3000000092245
1853-10-22T12:00-26.576.131099.31017.317.2VM8-26563.0030.04ZOFLAUWE KOELTE, 5000000092246
1853-10-23T12:00-24.974.181096.71014.616.7VM8-26462.0029.96ZW-ZOAFWISSELENDE KOELTE, 4000000092247
1853-10-24T12:00-23.572.151109.31014.617.2VM8-25563.0029.96ZOAFWISSELENDE KOELTE, 5000000092248
1853-10-25T12:00-21.750.301339.31012.616.1VM8-25561.0029.90ZZOAFWISSELENDE KOELTE, 5000000092249
1853-10-26T12:00-20.00-2.101339.31012.616.1VM8-25561.0029.90ZZOAFWISSELENDE KOELTE, 5000000092250
1853-10-27T12:00-17.78-4.309012.31012.615.6VM8-23660.0029.90OZOONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 6DONKERE BEWOLKTE LUCHT000000092251
1853-10-28T12:00-15.90-5.70900.01012.617.8SINT HELENA1VM8-23064.0029.90OZO0000000092252
1853-10-29T00:001VM8VERTREKKEN OM 16 UUR UIT SINT HELENA000000092253
1853-10-30T12:00-14.28-7.271129.31012.617.8VM8-23564.0029.90ZO5000000092254
1853-10-31T13:00-12.70-9.3211412.31012.618.9VM8-21666.0029.90ZOFRISSE PASSAATKOELTE, 6000000092255
1853-11-01T13:00-11.15-11.05929.31012.618.9VM8-21566.0029.90OZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092256
1853-11-02T13:00-9.62-12.881169.31012.618.9VM8-19566.0029.90ZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092257
1853-11-03T13:00-7.67-14.801169.31012.621.1VM8-19570.0029.90ZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092258
1853-11-04T13:00-6.02-16.731169.31012.622.2VM8-19572.0029.90ZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092259
1853-11-05T13:00-4.45-18.471416.71010.924.4VM8-17476.0029.85ZZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 4000000092260
1853-11-06T13:00-3.12-19.681416.71010.925.0VM8-17477.0029.85ZZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 4000000092261
1853-11-07T13:00-0.82-20.651179.325.6VM8-18578.00ZOFLAUWE PASSAATKOELTE, 5000000092262
1853-11-08T13:001.97-21.6811712.31009.226.7VM8-18680.0029.80ZOAFWISSELEND ONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 6000000092263
1853-11-09T13:003.95-22.47956.71009.227.8VM8-18482.0029.80OZOAFWISSELEND ONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 4000000092264
1853-11-10T14:005.48-23.73526.71009.227.2VM8-16481.0029.80ONOAFWISSELEND ONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 4BUIIG100000092265
1853-11-11T14:006.80-24.253622.61009.225.6VM8-16278.0029.80RONLOPENDAFWISSELEND ONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 2BUIIG100000092266
1853-11-12T14:008.10-24.733622.61009.225.0VM8-17277.0029.80RONLOPENDAFWISSELEND ONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 2REGEN010000092267
1853-11-13T14:008.15-24.983622.61018.726.7VM8-17280.0030.08RONLOPENDAFWISSELENDE KOELTE, 2DONDER BLIKSEM000010092268
1853-11-14T14:009.98-25.231182.61009.225.6VM8-17278.0029.80RONDLOPENDE WIND, NO-ZO2000000092269
1853-11-15T14:009.55-25.401182.61009.225.6VM8-17278.0029.80RONDLOPENDE WIND, Z-ZO2000000092270
1853-11-16T14:0011.47-25.98519.31009.225.6VM8-17578.0029.80ONOFLAUWE AANNEMEND NO PASSAAT, 5000000092271
1853-11-17T14:0013.85-27.902912.31012.624.4VM8-16676.0029.90NO6ONGESTADIGE BUIIGE LUCHT100000092272
1853-11-18T14:0015.97-29.282912.31012.624.4VM8-16676.0029.90NO6ONGESTADIGE BUIIGE LUCHT100000092273
1853-11-19T14:0018.20-30.08739.31012.624.4VM8-17576.0029.90OONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 5BETROKKEN LUCHT000000092274
1853-11-20T14:0020.90-30.727312.31012.621.1VM8-17670.0029.90OONGESTADIGE KOELTE, 6BETROKKEN LUCHT000000092275
1853-11-21T14:0023.18-30.72716.71012.622.8VM8-19473.0029.90OONGESTADIGE KOELTE AFNEMENDE, 4000000092276
1853-11-22T14:0025.10-30.72719.31012.622.8VM8-19573.0029.90OONGESTADIGE KOELTE AFNEMENDE, 5000000092277
1853-11-23T14:0026.77-30.30716.71014.322.2VM8-19472.0029.95OONGESTADIGE KOELTE AFNEMENDE, 4000000092278
1853-11-24T14:0027.47-30.87264.61014.321.1VM8-19370.0029.95NOONGESTADIGE KOELTE AFNEMENDE, 3000000092279
1853-11-25T14:0029.27-32.23246.71015.321.1VM8-21470.0029.98NOONGESTADIGE KOELTE EN FLAUW, 4000000092280
1853-11-26T14:0031.23-33.63499.31017.721.1VM8-19570.0030.05ONOONGESTADIGE KOELTE EN FLAUW, 5000000092281
1853-11-27T14:0033.60-33.725715.41019.421.1VM8-22770.0030.10OTNONGESTADIGE KOELTE MEER AANNEMEND, 7000000092282
1853-11-28T14:0035.72-33.072039.31016.021.1VM8-22570.0030.00ZW5ZEER ONGESTADIG000000092283
1853-11-29T14:0037.08-31.8733712.31015.621.1VM8-23670.0029.99ZW-N6ZEER ONGESTADIG000000092284
1853-11-30T14:0038.12-29.783341014.315.6VM8-2660.0029.95NAANNEMEND WIND000000092285
1853-12-01T14:0038.30-27.2033515.41012.613.3VM8-25756.0029.90NAANNEMEND TOT STORMWEER, 7BUIEN100000092286
1853-12-02T14:0039.20-24.7433515.41012.612.2WESTEREILANDENVM8-25754.0029.90N7000000092287
1853-12-03T14:0038.90-23.6333515.41005.812.2VM8-25754.0029.70NAANNEMEND TOT STORM, 7000000092288
1853-12-04T13:0038.28-22.3735830.9999.115.6VM8-251160.0029.50NNO11ZWAAR STORMWEER000000092289
1853-12-05T13:0037.87-21.1235830.91002.414.4VM8-251158.0029.60NNO11ZWAAR STORMWEER000000092290
1853-12-06T13:0037.68-21.1935830.91005.816.7VM8-251162.0029.70NNO11ZWAAR STORMWEER000000092291
1853-12-07T13:0038.23-21.702022.61009.214.4VM8-25958.0029.80NO9ZWAAR STORMWEER, IETS AFNEMEND000000092292
1853-12-08T13:0038.23-21.57204.61016.013.9VM8-25357.0030.00NOAFNEMENDE TOT STIL, 3000000092293
1853-12-09T13:0038.50-21.132906.71018.013.3VM8-25456.0030.06NO-NWAFNEMENDE TOT STIL, 4AFNEMENDE TOT STIL000000092294
1853-12-10T13:0038.33-21.153621016.014.4KLIPVM8ONTWAARDEN DES MORGENS EEN KLIP WAARVAN DE OPGAAF HIERBIJ IS GEVOEGD-2558.0030.00RONDLOPEND EN STIL000000092295
1853-12-11T13:0040.67-19.0615515.41009.213.3VM8-25756.0029.80ZAANNEMEND WIND, 7BUIEN100000092296
1853-12-12T13:0042.98-16.8128922.6999.112.2VM8-26954.0029.50NWAANNEMEND WIND, 9BUIEN100000092297
1853-12-13T13:0044.02-14.8428922.61019.411.1VM8-26952.0030.10W-NWAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 9AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092298
1853-12-14T13:0045.07-14.3931219.01029.511.1VM8-26852.0030.40NNWAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 8AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092299
1853-12-15T13:0046.33-9.7131422.6999.111.1VM8-24952.0029.50NNWAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 9AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092300
1853-12-16T13:0047.27-7.6732512.31000.711.1VM8-24652.0029.55NTWAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 6AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092301
1853-12-17T12:0048.23-6.102469.31005.811.1VM8-24552.0029.70N-WAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 5AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092302
1853-12-18T12:0049.67-5.2824615.41026.112.2VM8-24754.0030.30N-WAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 7AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092303
1853-12-19T12:0050.40-3.2024615.41022.810.61VM8-24751.0030.20Z-WAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 7AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092304
1853-12-20T12:0050.23-2.72666.71022.88.91VM8-24448.0030.20ZO-OAFWISSELEND VAN WIND, 4AFWISSELEND VAN BUIEN100000092305
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